^;^< 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


121    121 


I; 
I 

l^  IIM 

L3 


6" 


^         I 

11.25  III  1.4   il.6 


7 


:>v 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


'   ^f!^'' 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


■#  • «',. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  l\Aicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  nrticroreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Nota*  tachniquas  at  bibllographiquas 


Tha 
tot 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographicaily  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
tha  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  pelliculAe 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  giographiquas  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


[~T1    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
RaliA  avec  d'autras  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortior 
along  interior  .tiargin/ 

La  re  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais.  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiimias. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t4  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


\/ 


n 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagias 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  rastaurias  et/ou  pelliculAes 


r~|   Pages  damaged/ 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


The 
pos 
oft 
film 


Ori{ 

beg 

the 

sior 

oth( 

first 

sion 

or  il 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6et,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  d^tachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Qualiti  inigaia  de  I'impression 

includes  supplementary  matarit 
Comprand  du  material  suppl^mbntaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


r~?  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~~1  includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I  Only  edition  available/ 


The 
shal 
TINI 
whi( 

MaF 
diff< 
entii 
begj 
righi 
requ 
metl 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  d  ncuveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

V 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmad  her*  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nova  Scotia  Public  ArchivM 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grflce  A  la 
gAnArosit*  de: 

Nova  Scotia  Public  ArchiMt 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  ttS  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  f  iim6,  et  en 
conformlt6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
flimage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exempialres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempialres 
originaux  sont  filmfo  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^>( meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  das  symboies  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmfo  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  i'angle  supirleur  gauche,  de  gauche  i  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I- 


[f= 


LITTLE   EYES.        P.  99. 


' THE    HISTORY 

OF  THC 

GREAT  INDIAN  WAR  OF  1675  AND  1676, 

COMMOMIY   CALLED   PHILIP'S  WAR. 
ALSO, 

THE  OLD  FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS,  FROM  1GS9  TO  1701. 
BY  THOMAS  CHURCH,  ESQ. 

WITH   NUJTEROUS   ^•OTES   AND   AN   AriENDLX, 
BY  SA3IUEL  G.  DRAKE. 

REVISED  EDITION. 


Tte  niMnamplad  achievement*  of  our  btbon  ibonld  not  be  forgotten. 

Waiuinotom. 


H.    DAYTON,    PUBLISHER, 

36    HOWARD  STREET. 

TVDIANAPOLIS,    IND.  : A8KKB  A  COMPANY. 

1859. 


PiHe  JMiVfi  Of  Nm  Scoda 

AX.  H,  ^ 


i     ^  !• 


C  V7 


THE  EDITOR'S  TREl  ACE. 


c, 


htrch's  History  of  "  King  Philip's  War,"  &c 
was  first  published  at  Boston,  in  171G,  in  quarto.  Il 
was  rej)rinte(i  in  Newport,  in  1772,  in  octavo.  I  have 
never  met  with  a  copy  of  tlie  first  edition,  therefore 
I  rfopy  from  the  second.  Tiiis  is  now  very  scarce 
and  rarely  to  be  met  with.  It  is  however  preserved 
in  some  private  libraries  in  the  old  colony,  in  the  Athc- 
neum  at  Boston,  and  other  literary  institutions  t!iere 
and  elsewhere. 

The  lamentable  manner  in  which  Hutchinson  in 
his  History  of  Massachusetts  passed  over  the  Indian 
wars,  causes  us  much  regret,  and  a  desire  to  catch 
at  every  thing  that  can  give  any  light  upon  them.  He 
is  particular  in  relating  the  witch  afi'air^  of  the  co- 
lony, but  when  we  have  followed  him  into  Philip's 
war,  being  led  at  first  with  interesting  particulars, 
he  sto[js  short  and  says,  "  It  is  not  my  (lesign  to  enter 
into  every  minute  circumstance  of  the  war."  But 
docs  not  tell  us  why.  This  is  the  more  to  be  la- 
mented, as  his  means  were  more  ample  for  such  his- 
tory than  can  now  be  had.  ^ 

In  1825  I  published  a  small  edition  of  this  history, 
cctitaining  however  but  few  additions  to  the  old, 
wliich  befjig  immediately  taken  up,  occasioned  the 
•'ill  !y  appearance  of  tliis.  In  an  early  period  it  was 
( !';sigiieil  to  piihlish  tiic  work  as  it  now  appears.  Ac- 
cordingly m.iny  valuable  pa|)ers  and  rare  works  had 
betni  coll*'",ted,  but  not  used  in  the  first  edition,  on 


IV 


THE  EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 


account  of  the  magnitude  and  early  pronuse  of  tl^o 
work. 

The  papers  had  been  much  forwarded  previous  to 
the  Courtstreet  fire,  of  10  November,  ISif),  in  the 
time  of  which  a  trunk  was  stolen,  containing  many 
of  the  manuscript  notes,  relating  particularly  to  tlie 
biography  of  tlie  principal  persons  that  figured  in 
the  Indian  wars.  These  in  many  instances  1  could 
not  restore,  which  is  very  much  regretted ;  thougii 
not  more  than  my  want  of  information  on  subjects 
in  general.  But  a  consciousness  is  felt,  that  some- 
thing though  small,  is  redeemed  from  oblivion,  which 
will  be  thought  valuable  by  posterity. 

Of  such  gentlemen  as  have  had  the  opportunities 
of  many  years  to  examine  the  history  of  our  country, 
together  with  every  advantage  from  access  to  all  pit!)- 
lick  and  private  documents,  I  have  every  indulgcjnco 
to  ask. 

In  regard  to  the  accurate  performance  of  tiie  work, 
I   can   only  observe,    that  a  scrupulous    regard   t> 
accuracy  has  been    paid ;   yet,    errours    niiiy  have 
been  committed,  but  in  no  case  inadvertently.     And 
as  our  most  authentick  historians  have  failed  in  n»;iny 
of  these  points,  perfection  will  not  be  expected  in  mc. 
The  same. indulgence  for  the  commission  of  litem! 
errours,  as  for  others,  is  solicited,  though  tlie  (;\ciiho 
for  such  cannot  be  so  good  ;  but  ifQvery  tiling  be  foiiiul 
simple,  and  easy  to  be  understood,  my  chief  aim  is 
answered.    For  so  "all  historical  memoirs  (says  J)r. 
Colman)  should  be  written."   In  a  number  of  parti- 
culars I  have    deviated  from  common  usage  ;  but  in 
n'^ne- without  good  reasons,  and  to  me  satisfactory. 
As  one  instance  it  is  observed,  that  compound  names 
of  places,  in  general,  are  written  like  simple  names. 
For  this  deviation  from  general  custom,  no  apolnijv 
will  be  expected  of  me,  as  it  iias  been  proved  to  1)  i 
preferable  by  a  writer  of  great  eminence." 

•  JopI  Harlow,  Esq.    ^ee  his  Columliiad,  luinted  1S07, 
Philiidcljiliia.  4to. 


\ 


f  UK  EOITOU'S  PREFACE.  V 

la  correcting  the  loxt,  supcrlluous  words  are  some- 
times Icll  out;  hut  this  [ — J  sign  is  substituted,  and 
♦.lie  word  or  words  omitted  are  given  in  the  margin 
incliided  l)y  the  same  marks.  When  a  word  is  al- 
tered, it  is  idso  inehuTed  in  brackets,  and  the  word 
given  in  tlw;  margin  as  it  stood  in  the  original,  and 
iiif.luded  in  tlie  same  way.  All  words,  presumed  to 
be  wanting,  are  inserted  between  brackets  without 
reference  to  the  margin,  and  are  by  the  present  editor. 
All  notes  included  by  tin;  parenthesis  were  by  the 
former  editor,    and  attached  to  the  v\d  edition. 

I  should  take  it  as  a  great  kindness,  should  any 
person  communicate  to  me  any  information  where  it 
is  presumed  to  be  wanting  in  the  notes  to  this  work  ; 
or  point  out  any  errours  in  what  is  already  done,  that 
future  editions  may  be  more  perfect. 

It  being  the  particular  design  of  this  edition  to 
render  it  uniform  and  consistent  with  respect  to  ar- 
rangement and  "originality''  of  exjirtssion,  few  lib- 
erties have  been  taken  with  the  composition  ;  few  in- 
deed, unless  pointed  out  as  above  ex|)ressed.  In 
some  instances  however,  some  connective  particles 
have  been  dropped  and  the  signs  omitted.  But  in 
such  cases  what  is  omitted  was  superlluous  tautology. 
Tiierefore  the  reader  may  be  assured  that  the  text  is 
correctly  co|)ied.  From  the  present  a|)pearance  of 
the  work,  its  fornier  erroneous  composition  is  too 
easily  discovered  ;  yet  it  is  some  consolation,  that  in- 
numerable errours  have  been  detected,  and  geneui!- 
ly,  inasmuch  as  the  design  of  the  subject  would  af''  '/'f. 

It  was  thought  advisable  to  accomj)any  the  Win-i 
with  an  Appendix,  wherein  something  new,  or  of  later 
date  might  be  given,  as  young  persons  generally 
prefer  new  things  to  old.  It  was  ratlier  dillicult  to 
make  the  selection  for  this  part,  not  for  want  of  ma- 
terials, but  because  they  were  so  numerous  ;  and  so 
many  seem  to  deserve  the  same  attention.  But  the 
articles  are  autluMitick,  and  as  interesting,  it  is  pre- 
sumed, as  ran  be  fouyd. 


VI 


THE  EDITORS  PREFACE. 


As  there  are  dillerLDt  editions  of  nin  ly  \,C  the  au 
tliors  cited  in  this  work,  tor  the  convenience  of  re-, 
ference,  ii  table,  containing   tlic  chief  of  them,  is 


Here  given. 


Title 


.Aiiirriran  Aiin^ili 
I  \tnFii(*»ii  Hiu^iti|thy 
AiiiLM'ictiu  Uit>^rii|iliy 
Aiinnlt  t>l'  Nf>wriiL;lan() 
Al)tir|il»liiltl  ltl'N*'iir('he9 
Aiiii.ili  oT  (he  Kt'vulutiun 
lli^rory  ol'  Ailii-rira 
Miftnry  of  ('niMUTliriit 
Hi.l.iry  i.r  A1'l4<achu9t-tl> 
Uiiloty  tif  ."Miiilie 
Hiilnry  of  M.isAiirltiiaeiU 
Iliiliir  V  111'  Mill  vliiiid 
Hioloiy  i>r  Nfwi'iiifljnd 
ilhlniy  u(  Nevvptlcl  Hill 
Mhlnl  V  III'  Ni'Wi  MlI  Hill 
ili*liii_\   I'f  >irwll.!lli|t.-)hil  (' 
:lli.<liiry  ol'  Nivvviilli 
|Hi-lurv  cif  IVitiiix  K  jiiiii 
jllUliiry  1)1  .\iirllii':in>liiia 
illi-lDiv  llf  I'.  Siiln 
illi-inrV  of  ViTuiiiiit 
illM.c'iill.  MiiM.  lli«I.Snr. 
illi.l.Ciil.  .\.  V.  Ili.l.Hiir. 
jili^l.  ('(i|.  Ne\vli.iiM|ii<liiri' 
lli<l.  I'lpj.  N.  ll.lli>l.Suc. 
!lluiii|ihit>\s*  Woika 
jMHuii.iliaV'.  A. 
|N;ir.  Ill   liiili;Mi  Wiirt 
iNi-\vi'iii:l.iiiil  llini;ia|iliy 
i\<'vvprii;liiriij'»  AIhmii'I  i:il 
\i*uli.iiii|i^liir(!  (ia/i'UttT 
!Siiui.  Mi^t.  !M:H'I.  Iiiv 
fTi-ivi-U  tlirdiiclxiiit  v.  A. 
■Woiulfis  Irivi, it'll'  W'liilil. 
Wiir'^  III"  Nr\VHni;l«iiil. 


Aiiiliur 

A    lliilinej 
.1.  ll>-lkiii<p 
W.  A.'liMi 
T.  Priiire 
!•;.  lli.yi 
J     iM.Mie 
\V.   IliiliPlImn 
II.  Tniinliiill 
r.  lliilrhiiiMin 
.1.  Hiillivaii 
(i.  It.  Miiiut 
f.  L.  Itii/iiian 
.1.  \Viiiiliiiip 
II.  AilaiiK 
AIi.isi.  \.  I'aii.h 
.1.  Ilplknaii 
\V:  .Simlli 
l{.  I'li.ihl 
II.   Williiin^uli 
II.  'riiinil.uil 
M.  William) 


Farmer  St  Jliiore 

I).  Hiiniplirpys 
I'.  .Miiliir 
\V.  Iliil.liaul 
.1.  Flii.t 
N.  Murlon 
l''ariiu'r  A:  IMoorc 
W.   n.il^lajj 
I.  Carver 
It.  Cal.r 

i'llillallow 


Will  If  piilil- 
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lln.liin 

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In  addition  to  tl^e  nl^ove  list,  many  works  have 
been  consnltcd,  but  the  assistance  from  them  has 
been  smaller.  Som^^'  of  tlio  most  important  arc  TTuh- 
bard's  History  of  Newo*i<iland,  Stiles'  History  of  the 
Judjics,  Whitney's  History  of  Worcester,  and  the 
Histories  of  several  of  the  southern  states.  The  fire 
use  I  have  made  of  every  author's  works  is  amply  ac- 
knowledged in  the  notes,  llcft'cence  is  made  to  some 
late  editions  of  works  in  preference  to  the  first,  not 
only  as  they  are  more  uniform,  but  bcc;uiso  they  will 
now  be  oltener  met  with.     But  in  most  cases  such 


•"■^wr 


THE  EUITOU'S  I'REj:"ACE. 


VII 


have  been  coinpnrcd  witli  the  originals.  To  two 
works  in  particular,  it  was  tlioiight  most  advisable  ; 
namely,  Penhallow's  "  Wars  of  N.  England,"  and 
Prince's  Annals.  The  (irst  of  these  is  now  reprinted 
in  the  I  Vol.  of  the  N.  II.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.,  which, 
though  not  so  perfect  as  it  might  have  been,  is,  on  the 
whole,  a  work  to  b«  prized.  A  handsome  edition  in 
octavo  of  the  valuable  Annals  was  published  last 
year,  by  Messrs.  Cunimings,  Ililliard,  and  Company, 
I'oston.  Though  this  is  not  ea;ad/^  reprinted,  yet,  no- 
thing is  altered,  that  I  have  met  with,  but  for  tiic  bet- 
ter ;  and,  excepting  a  few  typographical  errours,  is 
splendidly  executed. 

Having  already  drawn  out  my  preface  to  too  great 
a  length,  the  whole  is  submitted  without  any  apolo- 
gy. And  the  publisher  takes  this  opportunity  of 
giving  his  grateful  respects  to  all  his  patrons,  and 
with  pleasure  subscribes  himself,  their  nmch  obliged 
and  sincere  friend. 

SAMUEL  G.  DRAKE. 

Boston,  2  January,  1827. 


ADVERTISEMENT  TO  EDITION  OF  1845. 

The  present  edition  of  this  work  has  been  revised  and 
corrected  in  several  places,  by  comparison  witii  more  re- 
cent publications  of  hi<rli  Hulhority;  some  obsolete  mid 
objectionable  words  and  phrases  have  been  champed,  and 
typojrrapliical  and  other  errors  of  the  earlier  editions  cor- 
rected. Tt  is  hoped  that  so  authentic  and  valuable  a 
contribution  to  the  Indian  History  of  our  country,  will 
find  a  place  in  everv  Library,  and  the  interesting  personal 
narrative  of  Col.  (  liiircli  will  doubtless  engage  the  attention 
of  the  reader  in  the  i-areful  perusal  of  the  whole  work. 


■iT'Ts>ir^y™5PB?pi«jBpw>i^S!B?»**i*''^^^w^ 


[The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  tho  title  page 
of  the  old  edition.] 


*9€f* 


THB 


ENTERTAINING 

HISTORY 


OF 

KING  PHILIP'S  WAR, 

WHICH    BEGAN    IN    THE    MONTH    OF   JUNE,    1675. 
AS    ALSO    OF 

EXPEDITIONS 

MORK  LATELY  MADE 

40AINST    THE    COMMON    ENEMY,  AND    INDIAN    REBELS,  IN    THl 
EASTERN    PARTS   OF    NEW-ENGLAND: 

WITH    SOME    ACCOUNT    OP    THE    DIVINE    PROVIDENCE 
TOWAM'S 

COL.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH: 

By  THOMAS  CIIIJIICII,  Esa.  iiis  son. 

SECOND  EDITION. 
BOSTON  :  PRINTED.  1716. 

REWPORT,    RHODE-ISLAND  ".    REPaiNTED    AND   SOLI>    BT 
SOLOMON    SOUTHWICK,   IN    t^UEEN-STREET,  1773. 


TO  THE  READER. 


fp  "... 

.1  HE  subject  of  this  followinn;  narrative,  olTering  it- 
self to  your  friendly  perusal,  relates  to  the  former  and 
later  wars  of  Newengland,  which  I  oiyself  was  not  a 
little  concerned  in:  For  in  tlic  year  107;'),  that  unhappy 
and  bloody  Indian  war  broke  out  in  Plymouth  colo- 
ny, where  I  was  then  building,  and  beginnin;;  a 
plantation,  at  a  place  called  by  the  Indians,  Sog- 
konate,  and  since,  by  the  English,  Little  Compton. 
I  was  the  first  Englishman  that  built  upon  that  neck, 
which  was  full  of  Indians.  My  head  and  hands  were 
fvdl  about  settljng  a  new  plantation,  where  nothing 
was  brought  to;  no  preparation  of  dwelling  house,  or 
outhouses,  or  fencing  made;  horses  and  cattle  were 
to  be  provided, ground  to  be  cleared  and  broken  up; 
and  the  utmost  caution  to  be  used,  to  keep  myself 
free  from  oU'ending  my  Indian  neighbours  all  round 
about  me.  While  I  was  thus  busily  employed,  and 
all  my  time  and  strength  laid  out  in  this  laborious 
undertaking,  I  received  a  commission  from  the  go- 
vernment to  engage  in  their  defenco  :  And  with  my 
commission  I  received  another  heart,  iiidininjr  mo 

•  •     • 

to  put  forth  my  strength  in  military  service  :  And 
through  the  grace  of  God  I  was  spirited  for  that 
work,  and  direction  in  it  was  renewed  to  me  day  by 
day.  And  although  many  of  the  actions  that  I  was 
concerned  in  were  very  diflicult  and  dangerous,  yet, 
myself,  and  those  who  wont  with  me  voluntarily  in 
the  service,  had  our  lives,  for  the  most  part,  wonder- 
fully preserved  by  the  overruling  hand  of  the  Al- 
niighty  from  first  to  last ;  which  doth  r  loud  bespeak 
our  praises:  And  to  declare  his  wonderful  works  ii 
our  indispensable  duty. 


X  TO  THE  READER. 

1  was  ever  very  sensible  of  my  own  lit  Icness,  and 
uniitness  to  be  employed  in  such  great  services.  But 
calling  to  mind  that  God  is  strong,  I  endeavoured 
to  put  all  my  confidence  in  him,  and  by  his  Almighty 
power,  was  carried  through  every  difficult  action; 
and  my  desire  is,  that  his  name  may  have  the  praise. 

It  was  ever  my  intent,  having  laid  myself  under  a 
solemn  promise,  that  the  many  and  repeated  favours 
of  God  to  myself  and  those  with  me  in  tiie  service 
might  be  published  for  generations  to  come.  And 
now  my  great  age  requiring  my  dismission  from  ser- 
vice in  the  militia,  and  to  put  off  my  armour,  I  am 
willing  that  the  great  and  glorious  works  of  Almighty 
God,  to  us,  children  of  men,  should  appear  to  the 
world:  And  naving  my  minutes  by  me,  my  son  has 
taken  the  care  and  pains  to  collect  from  them  the  en- 
suing narrative  of  many  passages  relating  to  the 
former  and  latter  wars;  which  I  have  had  the  perusal 
of,  and  find  nothing  amiss,  as  to  the  "truth  of  it,  and 
with  as  little  reflection  upon  any  particular  person, 
as  might  be,  either  alive  or  dead. 

And  seeing  every  particle  of  historical  truth  is 
precious,  I  hope  the  reader  will  pass  a  favourable 
censure  upon  an  old  soldier,  telling  of  the  many  ren- 
counters he  has  had,  and  yet  is  come  oft' alive. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  remember  what  a  great  number 
of  families,  in  this  and  the  neighbouring  provinces, 
in  Nevvengland,  did,  during  the  war,  enjoy  a  great 
measure  of  liberty  and  peace  by  the  hazardous  sta- 
tions and  marches  of  those  engaged  in  military  exer- 
cises; who  were  a  wall  unto  them  on  tiiis  side  and 
on  that  side. 

I  desire  prayers,  that  I  may  be  enabled  well  to 
accomplish  my  spiritual  Avarfare,  and  that  I  may  be 
more  than  conqueror  through  Jesus  Clirist's  loving 
me. 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 


TJJ^.S^^'TOf^'' 


THE  LIFE  OF  COL.   CHURCH.* 


c, 


OLONEL  Bemjamix  Cuuhcii  was  born  in  1G30,  at 
Duxbury,  near  Plymouth,  of  reputi.ble  parents,  wliu 
lived  and  died  there.  His  lather's  name  was  Josepli, 
who,  with  two  of  his  brethren,  came  early  into  N(;u'- 
england,  as  refugees  from  the  reli«jious  opprcission 
of  the  parent  state.  Mr.  Joseph  Church,  anionic  otiier 
children,  had  three  sons.  Joseph,  Caleb,  and  l>rnja- 
min.  Caleb  settled  at  Watertown,  ilm  otJK^r  two  at 
Second,  or  Jiiitle  (  onipton.  Benjamin,  the  hero 
of  tliis  history,  was  of  a  i^ood  stature,  his  body  well 
proportioned,  and  built  lor  hardiness  and  activity. 
Altiiough  he  was  very  corpident  and  lu'avy  in  the 
hitter  part  of  his  lil(;,  yet,  when  he  was  a  youiix  nian 
he  was  not  so  ;  being  tlien  active,  sprightly  and 
vigorous.  He  carried  di<'nitv  in  his  countenance 
— thought  and  acted  with  a  rational  and  nrnily  jnd'i- 
ment — which,  joined  with  a  naturally  generous,  obli- 
ging and  hospitable  disposition,  j)rocured  him  both 
authority  and  esteem.  lit- niarried  Mrs.  Alice;  rfonlh- 
worth,  by  whom  he  hnd  a  daughter,  .Mrs.  Rothboihwin, 
and  five  sons,  viz.,  'riinniiis  (,'hurch,  the  author  or 
publisher  of  this  history,  and  father  of  the  honourable 
Thomas  Church.  I'>s(|..  now  living  in  Little  Compton; 
Constant  Church  a  Cajitain  under  his  liitlier  in  tlic- 
eastern  expedition,  and  in  the  militia;  and  of  a  mili- 

*  The  life  of  Cliuicli  was  not  ailded  to  tiie  first  p'iiliou.-- 
But  to  t)io  spcoiul  it  w;\^,  and  was  the  last  article  in  liie 
tiooU;  exi'f^ptinj;  a  I.atin  ode  ofonc  papjt^  which  is  now  oniit- 
tcd.  This  liCn  containing  some  prfi'atory  re'niar'K';.  it  was 
tb:)af;ht  proper  to  place  il  at  ilie  hrgin.un;;  of  lli^'  woi  Iv,  It 
was  judjTed  hest  to  omit  the  ahove  mentioned  I/atin  ode 
g;ive  place  to  morn    inlenstina;  articles.     What  i'-llow*' 

Itlaced  at   the    head  of  llie  pa}.;".       Odt:    Uevoir.i   (</  4 

Herois  vompositu)  Bio<j;r(tphitK pracedenli  dijji'^enda 


-  I 


xu 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHURCIL 


tary  and  efitcrprisin*^  spirit ;  Ben jamin  Church  >vlio 
(lied  a  bachelor ;  Edward  Church,*  whose  on!)  son 
now  living,  is  Deacon  Benjamin  Churchf  of  Boston, 
who  furnishes  tiiosc  memoirs  of  the  family ;  and 
Charles  Churcli,  who  had  a  numerous  issue. 

Colonel  Church  was  a  man  of  integrity,  justice,  and  ^ 
uprightness,  of  piety  and  serious  religion.  J  He  was 
a  member  of  the  church  of  Bristol  at  its  foundation, 
in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lee's^  day.  He  was  constant  and  de- 
vout in  family  worship,  wherein  he  read  and  often  ex- 
pounded the  scriptures  to  his  household.  He  was  ex- 
emplary in  observing  the  Sabbath,  and  in  attending 
the  worship  and  ordinances  of  God  in  the  sanctuary. 
He  lived   regularly,  and  left  an  example  v/orthy  of 

•  Ho  was  also  a  Captain  under  his  father  in  the  last  eastern 
expedition. 

t  Pi'oliahlv  the  same  whose  name  is  found  a'^sociated  with 
the  venoial)le  .Jamrs  Otis,  Samuef,  Adams,  Joskph  War- 
ren, aii<l  others, as  a  "Committee  of  corresjiondence"  in  th" 
memorable  revolution,  and  to  which  he  prohahly  helonged 
when  he  wrote  this  account  of  the  family.  See  American 
Annals.  II,  300.  Also  the  standinjj;  whicii  he  appears  to  have 
maintained  among  the  fraternity  of  iMasons,  speaks  liis  emi- 
nence. 

|AVliat  is  here  said  of  the  Colonel,  is  placed  nfler  his  son 
Eclwanl,  by  a  writer  in  Farmer  and  INIoore's  Collections; 
where  tliis  account  ai)pears  to  be  copied.  It  must  be  an  er- 
rour  in  liie  copyist,  and  one,  too,  which  it  required  some  pains 
to  commit ;  not  hut  that  the  son  (for  aught  1  know)  deserved 
as  ]ii<i,h  encomiums,  but  we  have  no  rigiit  to  hestow  such 
upon  the  son,  at  tiic  father's  expense.  But  thus  much  were  it 
intentional. 

§  Ilev.  Samuel  I,ee,  the  first  minister  of  Bristol,  R.  I.  He 
was  born  in  London,  1625,  came  to  this  country  in  168t>; 
imt  in  two  or  three  years  came  to  the  conclusion  to  return  to 
l)is  native  country.  Before  he  sailed,  he  told  his  wife  that 
he  had  discovered  a  star,  which,  accortling  to  the  laws  of  As- 
trology, j)resaged  captivity,  whicli  unfortunately  came  to 
j>ass.  He  sailed  in  lt?91,  and  in  his  passage  was  taken  by 
tlic  French,  and  carried  into  France,  where  he  died  the 
same  year.  See  Allen's  Biog.  S81,  Dr.  C.  Mather  repre- 
sent-,  niin  as  possessing  very  extraordinary  learning.  See 
Wag"*lla  Christi  Americana,  I,  548. 


I       1 


-^f 


u  r 


m  I 


/:% 


.;« 


1 


!       v.5| 


LIFE  OF  COL    CHURCH 


XI II 


the  in»ii;:tion  of  his  posterity.  He  was  a  friend  to  the 
civil  aiitl  religious  liberties  of  his  country,  {ind  great- 
ly rejoiced  in  the  revolution.*  lie  was  Ccdonel  of 
'  the  militia  in  the  county  of  Bristol.  The  several 
offices  of  civil  and  military  trust,  with  which  he  was 
entrusted  from  tin)e  tv)  time,  through  a  long  liJe,  he 
discharged  with  fidelity  and  usefulness. 

The  war  of  KiTT),  was  the  most  important  ludiar 
war,  th'?t  Newenijland  ever  saw.     I'mimh  or   Meta 
cometf  (ason  of  good  old  MASSASOlT,J  and  his  se 
cond  successor)  had  wrought  up  the  Indians  of  all  the 
tribes  through  Newengland,  into  a  dijngerous  com- 

*  By  ^Villianl  aii.i  Mary. 

t  Tliont;!)  tlie  cliiels  ofsavasiP  nations  arc  tjjpnrrally  called 
King:*,  yrt  says  Siniih,  tlioy  "  liavr  no  such  dij^nity  or  oli'ico 
anionp:  il'.cMi."  Hist.  N.  \.  197.  I'liili|),  at  ilitlcront  ucrioda 
ol"  liis  liCo,  ^vas  known  by  rlitfcrpnt  names,  as  at  liist,  lis 
ivas  called  Metacomct  or  Metacoui.  See  Morton,  17 1, 
172.  'IMiis  celebrated  cliieflias  lieen  called  l)y  some,  tlioui;i» 
\\Tonp;!y  I  contend,  Kinu;  ol'  the  Nariasransets.  l!--  wa.s 
Kinfi;  or  cliiel'oftlie  Waniiianoau;s,  or  PokanoLels,  the  sitiui- 
ion  ol'  whose  country  will  he  desciihed  in  wiy  first  note  to 
"  Philiii's  War."  h  istrue  that  these  Indians  as  well  as  the 
Narra;:;ansets  themselves  inhabited  about  the  bay  of  that 
name,  Imt  tliey  had  their  King  as  well  as  the  Fokanol.els, 
and  were  indenendent  of  each  other. 

Diti'ereiit  ojiinions  seem  to  have  prevailed  with  res^ard  to 
this  chief's  iiedi<jree;  that  is,  whether  he  were  a  son  Oi- 
fiandson  i^i'  J\las^as^oil.  Prince  and  'rrnmhull  inform  us 
that  he  wa<  his  jrraml-on;  Hutchinson  and  Belknap,  that  he 
was  his  son.  Why  these  respectable  authors  sa\v  cause  to 
(lifl'ef,  and  not  inform  us,  is  not  easy  to  tell.  These  aie  not 
all  the  ai.tliors  on  each  side,  but  most  rt  aders  are  apprised 
of  this,  no  doubt,  before  I  had  taken  this  trouble  to  inform 
them. 

t  Prince,  in  his  text,  writes  Masassoit  ;  but  adds  this  note. 
"Tlie  printed  accounts  ij;enerally  spell  him  iMassasoit  ;  tiov- 
ernour  Bradford  writes  him  Massasoyt,  and  Massasoyet  ,  biU 
I  Ihid  the  ancient  people  froiu  their  fathers  in  Plvnionih  col. 
ony,  prono nice  his  name  iMa-sas-so-it."  N.  E.  Chron.  Is7, 
ll'mvovei',  the  mo-l  prej't-i able  way  seems  t.i  be  Ma-^assuit. 
Soniu  acco'int  of  the  life  ol'  this  constant  friend  of  the  Pil- 
grims will  be  found  in  the  couiie  of  this  iiistory. 


XIV 


LIFE  OF  COL    CHURCH. 


hin.'ifion  to  extirpate  the  English  It  wiis  one  of 
tliu  fiist  works  of  tlie  coniinissioners  of  tlie  united 
colonies,  (a  council  [in]  which  subsisted  the  a;real 
security  of  Newengland,  from  IG'1.3  to  1G78)  to  break 
u|)  this  confederacy.  An  army  of  one  tiiousjuid  Eng- 
lisli  was  on  foot  at  once,  under  the  command  of 
(.iovernour  Winslow.  Whoever  desires  further  in- 
formiifion  concerning  this  war,  may  consult  Mr.  Hub- 
bard's* history  of  it.  The  part  Colonel  Church 
acted  in  it  is  exhibited  in  this  plain  narrative,  given 
by  his  son,  two  years  before  his  father's  dcatii. 

Colonel  Church  perfectly  understood  tiie  manner 
of  the  Indians  in  fighting,  and  was  thoroughly  ac- 
fiuainted  with  their  haunts,  swamps,  and  places  of 
refuge,  on  tiie  territory  bct\\een  Narraganset  and 
cape;  Cod.  There  he  was  particularly  successful; 
on  that  lield  lie  gathered  his  laurels.  The  surjjrisal 
and  seizure  of  An.navv-ox  was  an  act  of  true  boldness 
iuid  Iieroisin.  Iliid  the  eastern  Iiuliaus  been  sur- 
rounded with  English  settlements,  there  is  reason  to 
think  that  he  would  have  been  more  successful  among 
tiicin.  ]}ut  on  a  long  and  extendetl  frontier,  oi)ea 
to  immense  deserts,  little  more  has  ever  been  done 
by  trooj)s  of  undoubted  courage,  than  to  arouse  and 
drive  oil' tiie  Indians  into  a  wide  howling  wilderness, 

*  Mr.  William  Hiihhard,  ininisler  of  Ipswicii,thebcst  liis- 
torian  in  Nowenpilanil,  of  tiio  ai;o,  unless  we  except  Mr. 
Piince.  The  truth  oj'  which  his  works  abundantly  prove. 
Althnunjh  s-oine  laiiour  has  heen  done  to  iletract  from  Mm 
some  ol' ills  justly  acijuiied  Came,  yet,  it  does  and  ever  will 
remain  unitnpaired.  This  wouUl  l)e  true  had  he  riever  writ- 
ten any  thiiiii;  hut  liis  NAe.itATrvE.  To  his  '•  History  of  New- 
england," Mather  is  chielly  indelited  lor  what  is  correct  in 
iiis  renouned  hook  of  jaruions,  the  Mntiiuilia  Christi  Aireri- 
cana.  See  presiilent  Allen's  IJio;:;.  Dictionary.  lie  <licd 
Sept.  1704,  ai^ed  8a  years.  Gov,  Ilutchinsoji  reniarkson  the 
charactf'r  ol'liini,  liiat  "  he  «,vas  a  man  of  l;>arninj:;,  oi'  a  candid 
and  benevolent  mind,  accompanied,  as  it  geneiaily  is,  with 
a  f;oo(i  deu;ree  of  Catholicism  ;  which,  1  tiiink,  was  mt  ac« 
counted  the  most  valual.de  i)art  of  his  character  in  llie  aj^c  in 
HThich  t~  »;"<!d."     Hist.  Mass.  II,  13<i. 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHUACH. 


XV 


where  it  was  as  much  in  vain  to  seek  them,  as  for 
Cajsar  to  seek  the  Gauls  in  the  Hyrcanian forests. 

The  present  edition*  of  this  history  is  given  without 
alteration  in  the  body  of  it ;  being  thought  best  to 
let  it  go  down  to  posterity,  (like  the  Feriplus  of  Han 
nof)  with  its  own  internal  marksoforigmality.  How- 
ever the  editor  in  the  margin  hath  given  the  English 
names  of  places  described  by  Indian  names  in  the 
narrative ;  and  also  some  few  notes  and  illustra- 
tions. 

After  Philip's  war  Colonel  Church  settled ;  and 
at  first  at  Bristol,  then  at  Fallriver,  (Troy)  lastly  at 
Second.  At  each  of  which  places  he  acquired, 
and  left  a  large  estate.  Having  served  his  genera- 
tion faithfully,  by  the  will  of  God  he  fell  asleep,  and 
was  gathered  unto  his  fathers.  He  died  and  was  bu- 
ried at  Little  Ccmplon. 

The  morning  before  his  death,  he  went  about  two 
miles  oa  horse  back  to  visit  his  only  sister,  Mrs. 
Irish,  to  sympathise  with  her  on  the  death  of  her  only 
child.  After  a  friendly  and  pious  visit,  in  a  mov- 
ing and  affecting  manner,  he  took  his  leave  of  her, 
and  said,  it  was  a  last  farewell.  Telling  her,  [that] 
ho  was  persuaded  he  should  never  see  her  more ; 
but  hoped  to  meet  her  in  heaven.  Returning  home- 
ward, he  had  not  rode  above  half  a  mile,  before  his 
horse  stum.bled,  and  threw  him  over  his  head.  And 
the  Colonel  being  exceeding  fat  and  heavy,  fell  with 

*  The  edition  from  which  this  is  taken. 

t  Hanno  was  "the  famous  Carthaginian,"  who  in  a  re- 
mole  age  of  navigation,  made  a  voyage  into  the  Atlantick 
ocean,  and  "sailed  seeking  forthirty  days  the  western  parts," 
taking  his  departure  from  the  pillars  of  Hercules  f  straits  of 
Gibraltar.)  Hence  some  infer  that  he  must  have  discovered 
seme  parts  of  America,  because  Columbus  di<l  in  about  the 
same  length  of  time.  He  wrote  a  book  containing  an  ac- 
count of  his  discoveries,  which  he  entitled  Periplum  or  Peri- 
plus.  See  a  work  lettered  "America  Known  to  the  An- 
cirnts,"  Dr.  Robertson's  Hist.  America,  I,  i.  Belknap'a 
Biog.  1,  16. 


XVI 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHURCH. 


such  force,  that  a  blood  vessel  was  broken,  and  the 
blood  gushed  out  of  his  moutii  like  a  torrent.  Ilis 
wife  was  soon  brought  to  him.  He  tried  but  was 
unable  to  speak  to  her,  and  died  in  about  twelve 
hours.  He  was  carried  to  the  grave  with  great  fui^e- 
ral  pomp,  and  was  buried  under  arms,  and  with  mili- 
tary honours.  On  his  tomb  stone  is  this  inscrip- 
tion. 

HERE   LIETH    INTERRED    THE   BODT 
OF    THE    HONOURABLE 

COL.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH,  Esq.; 

WHO   DEPARTED     THIS    LIFE, 

JANUARY  17th,   1717 18, 

IN   THE    78    YEAR   OF    HIS    AGE.* 

JVewport  April  8,  1772. 

*  "  High  in  esteem  among  tiie  great  he  stood ; 
His  wisdom  made  him  lovciy,  great  and  good. 
Tho'  he  be  said  to  die,  he  will  survive  ; 
Thro'  future  time  his  memory  shall  live." 

See  a  poem  called  "  A  description  of  Pennsvlvania,  Anno 
1729,"  by  Thomas  Makin,  in  Proud's  Hist.'ll,  361.  The 
above  though  applied  to  the  founder  of  that  province,  as  good, 
at  least,  is  deserved  by  the  venerated  Church  ;  who,  tlirough 
the  foul  intrigue,  and  low  caprice  of  office  seekers,  and  the 
blind  zeal  of  ambitious  bigots,  suffered  much,  both  as  to 
fame  and  fortune,  in  his  time.  The  truth  of  this  remark  will 
fully  appear  in  the  ensuing  history 


THE 

ENTERTAINING  HISTORY 

OF 

PHILIP'S  WAR, 

WHICH    BEGAN    IN    THE    YEAR     1675.      WITH    THE    FROCEED> 

INGS   OF 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH,  Esq.** 


N  the  year  1674,  Mr.  Benjamin  Church  of  Duxbury, 
being  providentially  at  Plymouthf  in  the  time  of  the 

•  As  the  author  does  not  begin  with  the  causes  and  first 
events  of  this  war,  it  may  be  proper  to  introduce  the  most 
important  here.  His  intention  appears  to  have  been  to  give 
an  account  of  this  war,  so  far,  only,  as  his  father  was  engag- 
ed in  it,  as  himself  observes  in  another  place. 

Although  not  a  year  had  passed  since  the  settlement  of 
Plymouth  without  some  difficulties  with  the  Indians,  I  will 
go  so  far  back,  only,  as  immediately  concerns  Philip's  War. 

After  the  close  of  the  Pequot  war,  in  1637,  it  was  conjec- 
tured by  the  English,  that  the  Narragansets  took  some  ai- 
front  on  account  of  the  division  of  the  captive  Pequots, 
among  themselves  and  the  Mohegans  ;  and  that  the  English 
showed  partiality.  These  tribes  had  assisted  in  the  con- 
quest of  the  Pequots,  and  were  in  a  league  with  the  Eng- 
lish, and  each  other.  For  some  time  the  Narragansets  prac- 
ticed secret  abuses  upon  the  Mohegans  ;  but  at  length  they 
were  so  open  in  their  insults,  that  complaints  were  made  to 
the  English,  whose  interest  it  was  to  preserve  peace  between 
them.  In  1642,  it  was  thought  that  they  were  plotting  to 
cut  otf  the  English.      They  so  pressed  upon  the  Mohegans, 

in 


t  Some  authors,  both  ancient  and  modern  wrote  this  word 
Plimouth,  but  custom  has  adopted  the  manner  as  used  in  tho 
text.  n 


18 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


court,  fell  into  acquaintance  with  Captain  John  Almy 
of  Rhodoisland.     Captain  Almy  with  great  impor- 

in  J6'15,  tlijit  the  colonies  were  obliged  to  interfere  with  an 
armod  force. 

The  Wampanoan;i«,  or  Pokanokets,  of  which  Philip  was 
King,  inhaliited  tlie  tract  of  country  where  Bristol  now  is, 
then  called  Pokanoket,  thence  north  around  Mounthope  bav, 
llience  southerly,  including  the  country  of  considerable 
width,  to  Scconct.  At  the  head  of  this  tribe  was  Massassoit. 
when  the  piltrrinis  arrived  at  Plymouth,  who  always  lived  in 
friendship  with  them.  He  had  two  sons,  who  were  called 
Alexander  and  Pliili)),  which  names  they  received  from  Gov. 
Prince  of  Plvmouth,  while  there  renewing  a  treaty,  proba' 
bly  from  Philip  and  Alexander  of  Macedon.  Alexander  be- 
ing (he  elder  assumed  the  power  on  the  death  of  his  father, 
and  it  was  soon  found  that  he  was  plotting  with  the  Narra- 
ganscts  against  the  English  ;  but  his  reign  v^a  short.  On 
being  sent  for  to  answer  to  the  court  at  PlymiWth,  to  certain 
allegations,  he  went,  and  after  explaining  his  conduct,  was 
taken  sick  on  ills  return,  and  died  soon  after.  This  was  about 
1657.  Philip  succeeded,  and  his  plottings  were  continual. 
But  he  frequently  renewed  treaties  and  affected  friendships 
until  1671,  when  he  made  a  loud  complaint  that  some  of  the 
English  injured  his  land,  which  in  the  end  proved  to  be  false. 
A  meeting  was  hehl  at  Taunton,  not  long  after  in  conse- 
quence of  the  hostile  appearance  of  Philip's  men,  by  Gov. 
Prince  of  Plymouth,  and  deputies  from  Massachusetts.  Phi- 
lip was  sent  for  to  give  reasons  for  such  warlike  aiipearances. 
He  discovered  extreme  shyness,  and  for  some  time  would  not 
come  to  the  town,  and  then  with  a  large  band  of  his  warriour^^ 
with  their  arms.  He  would  not  consent  to  go  into  the  meet- 
inghouse, where  the  delegates  were,  until  it  was  agreed  that 
his  men  should  be  on  one  side  of  the  house,  and  the  P'nglish 
on  the  other.  On  being  questioned,  he  denied  having  any 
ill  designs  upon  the  English,  and  said  that  he  came  with  \u> 
men  armed  to  prevent  any  attacks  from  the  Narragan'sets  ; 
bat  this  falseiiood  was  at  once  detected,  anil  it  wa.5  evident 
that  they  were  united  in  their  operations.  It  was  also  prov- 
ed before  him,  that  he  liad  meditated  an  attack  on  Taunton, 
which  he  confessed.  These  steps  so  confounded  him  that  he 
consented  to  deliver  all  his  arms  into  the  hands  of  the  Eng- 
lish as  an  indemnity  for  past  damages.  Allof  the  guns  which 
he  brought  with  him,  about  70,  were  delivered,  and  the  rest 
were  to  he  sent  in,  Imt  never  wore.  What  would  have  been 
the  fate  of  Newengland  had  Philip's  warriours  possessed  those 
arras  in  the  war  that  ensued  .'  This  prevented  immediate 
war,  and  it  required  several  years  to  repair  their  loss.     Philip 


I    ^ 


I       m  ! 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


19 


vat 


% 

est 
»en 


Up 


tunity  invited  him  to  rido  with  him  find  view  that  part 
of  Plymouth  colony  that  lay  next  to  llhodeisland, 
known  tiien  by  their  Indian  names  of  Pocasset  and 
Sogkonate.*  Among  other  arguments  to  persuade 
him,  he  told  him  the  soil  was  very  rich,  and  the  situa- 
tion pleasant :  Persuades  him  by  all  means  to  pur- 
chase of  the  company  some  of  the  court  grant  rights. 
He  accepted  his  invitation,  views  the  country  and  was 
pleased  with  it,  makes  a  purchase,  settled  a  farm, 
found  the  gentlemen  of  the  islandf  very  civil  and 
obligivg.  And  being  himself  a  person  of  uncommon 
activity  and  industry,  he  soon  erected  two  buildings 
upon  his  farm,  and  gained  a  good  acquaintance  with 
the  natives  ;  got  nmch  into  their  favour,  and  was 
in  a  little  time  in  great  esteem  among  them.J 

The  next  spring  advancing,  while  Mr.  Church  was 
diligently  settling  his  new  farm,  stocking,  leasing  and 
disposing  of  his  affairs,  and  had  a  fine  prospect  of 
doing  no  small  things;  and  hoping  that  his  good  suc- 
cess would  be  inviting  unto  other  good  men  to  be- 
come his  neighbours  :  Behold !  the  rumour  of  a  war 
between  the  English  and  the  natives,  gave  check  to 

was  inrlustrious  tONdo  this,  and,  at  the  same  time,  used  his 
endeavours  to  cause  other  tribes  to  engage  in  his  cause.  He 
was  not  ready  when  the  war  did  begin,  to  which,  in  some 
measure,  we  may  attribute  his  failure.  Three  of  his  men 
were  tried  and  hanged  for  the  alleged  murder  of  John  Sas- 
samon,  whom  Philij)  had  condemned  as  a  traitor.  It  so  exas- 
perated Pliilip  and  his  men  that  their  friends  should  be  ])un- 
ished  by  tlie  English,  that  they  could  no  longer  restrain  their 
violence.  Thus  are  some  of  the  most  prominent  events 
sketched  which  led  to  tliis  bloody  war.  The  history  of  John 
Sassamon  or  Sausaman,  will  be  found  in  a  succeeding  note. 

*  Pocasset,  now  Tiverton,  was  the  name  of  the  main  land 
against  the  north  part  of  llhodeisland.  Sogkonate,  after- 
wards Seconet,  now  Little  Compton,  extends  from  Fogland 
ferr.y  to  the  sea  ;  in  length  between  7  and  8  miles. 

t  llhodeisland,  which  was  now  quite  well  inhabited.  It 
was  settled  in  ,1033.  Its  Indian  name  was  Aquetnock,  and 
afterwards  called  tiie  Isle  of  Rodes  by  the  English. 

J  Mr,  Church  moved  here  in  the  autumn  of  1C74. 


20 


PHILIP'S   WAR. 


Iiis  projects.  Pe<)|)lo  began  to  be  very  jealous  of  the 
Indians,  and  indeed  they  had  no  small  reason  to  sus- 
pect that  they  had  formed  a  design  of  war  upon  the 
English.*  Mr.  Church  hod  it  daily  suggested  to  him 
that  the  Indians  were  plotting  a  bloody  design.  That 
Phfiipthc  great  IMounthope  Sachem,  was  leader  there- 
in, and  so  it  proved.  lie  was  sending  his  mes-sengers 
to  all  the  neighbouring  Sachems,  to  engage  them  into 
a  confederacy  with  him  in  the  war.f  Among  the  rest 

•  It  may  be  divprting  to  some,  to  introduce  here  what 
Cotton  Mather  calls  an  omen  of  the  war  that  followed. 
"Things,"  says  he,  " began  by  this  time  to  have  an  ominous 
asjpect.  Yea,  and  now  we  speak  of  things  ominotts,  we  may 
aifd,  some  time  before  this,  [before  those  were  executed  for 
the  murder  of  Sassamon]  in  a  clear,  still,  sunshiny  morning, 
there  were  divers  persons  u:  Maiden  who  heard  in  the  air, 
on  the  southeast  of  them,  a.  threat  gun  ^o  off,  and  presently 
thereuijon  the  report  of  small  fi^ns  like  inusket  snot,  very 
thick  discharging,  as  if  there  had  been  a  battle.  This  wag 
at  a  time  when  there  was  nothing  visible  done  in  any  part 
of  the  colony  to  occasion  such  noises;  but  that  which  most 
of  all  astonished  them  was  the  Hying  of  bullets,  which  came 
singing  over  their  heads,  and  seemed  very  near  to  them,  af- 
ter which  the  sound  of  £?rM»«s  passing  along  westward  was 
very-audible  ;  and  on  the  same  day,  in  Plymouth  colony  in 
several  places,  invisible  troops  of  horse  were  heard  riding  to 
and  fro,"  &.c.  Magnalia,  II,  486.  This  is  quite  as  credible 
as  many  witch  accounts  in  that  marvellous  work. 

t  The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  probable  numbers  of 
the  Indians  in  Newengland  at  the  time  of  Philip's  war,  also 
of  the  English. 

Dr.  Trumbull  in  his  Hist.  U.  States,  I,  36,  supposes  there 
were  in  Newengland  at  the  time  of  settlement  about  ."^ejOOO 
Indian  inhabitants;  one  third  of  which  were  warriours. 
Their  numbers  gradually  diminished  as  the  whites  increased, 
so  that  we  may  conclude  that  there  were  not  less  than  10,000 
warriours  at  the  commencement  of  Philip's  war.  Hutchinson, 
I,  406,  says  that  the  Narragansets  alone  were  considered  to 
amount  to  2000  fighting  men,  in  1673.  Hubbard,  Nar.  67, 
says  they  promiscil  to  rise  with  4000  in  the  war.  Governour 
Hinkley  slates  the  number  of  Indians  in  Plymouth  county,  in 
IC85,  at  4000  or  upwards.  Hist.  U.  States,  I,  35.  Beside 
(liese  there  were  in  ditierent  towns  about  2000  praying  In- 
dians, as  those  were  called  who  adhered  to  the  English  reli- 
Ijion;  they  took  no  part  in  the  war.  In 


'^  ■7'r*'\-\ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


2\ 


I 


he  sent  six  mon  to  Awuslionks,  scjuaw  sachem  of  tli« 
Sogkonate  Indians,  to  engage  her  in  his  interest  ;* 
Awnshoiiks  so  far  listened  unto  them,  as  to  call  her 
subjiHts  together,  to  make  a  great  dance,  which  h 
the  custom  of  that  nationf  when  they  advise  about 
momentous  affairs.  But  what  does  Awashonks  do, 
!)ut  sends  away  two  of  her  men  that  well  understood 
the  English  language,  (Sassamonf  and  GeorgeN,  bv 

In  1673,  the  inhabitants  of  Newenpland  amountotlto  aliout 
120,000  souls,  of  whom,  perhaps,  16,000  were  able  to  bear 
amis.     Holmes'  American  Annals,  1,  416. 

•  Dr.  Belknap,  in  his  Hist.  N.  Hampshire,  I,  108,  says,  on 
the  autiiority  of  Callender,  tliat  "The  inhaiiitants  offiristol 
shew  a  jiarticiiiar  spot  where  Philip  received  the  news  of  the 
iirft  B'.npilishmen  (hat  were  killed,  with  so  much  sorrow  as  to 
cause  him  to  weep."  This  he  observes  was  very  ditlerent 
from  the  current  opinion.  No  doubt  the  consternation  of  tiie 
peoj)le,  caused  by  an  approacliin^  war,  had  great  eli'ect  in 
establishing  every  thing  unfavourable  of  Philip. 

t  It  is  the  custom  of  most,  if  not  all,  the  N.  American  In- 
dians.    See  Capt.  Carver's  Travels  in  America,  269. 

J  John  Sassamon,  or  as  others  spell  it,  Sausaman,  was  in- 
structed in  English  by  the  celebrated  Indian  apostle,  .John 
F.liot,  and  pretended  to  believe  in  the  christian  religion. 
But  for  some  reason  he  neglected  its  duties,  and  returned  to  a 
savage  life.  About  this  time,  or  perhaps  before,  he  advised  the 
English  of  some  of  Philip's  plots,  which  so  enraged  him,  that 
he  sought  Sassamon's  tleath,  whom  he  considered  as  a  rebel 
and  traitor.  And  this  is  the  principle  on  which  the  Engli.-h 
themselves  acted  ;  yet,  (iiey  would  not  suil'er  it  in  anoliu-r 
people,  who,  indeed,  were  as  free  as  anj'  other.  The  partic- 
ulars were  these:  Sassamon  was  met  on  "a  great  pond," 
which  I  suppose  tobe  Assawomset,  by  some  of  Philip's  men, 
who  killed  him  and  put  him  under  the  ice,  leaving  his  hat 
and  gun  on  the  ice,  where  they  were  found  soon  al"ler  ;  and 
also  the  dead  body.  See  Hubbard's  Narrative,  70,  71.  This 
must  have  been  late  in  the  spring  of  1675,  but  there  was  ice. 
Marks  were  found  upon  the  body  of  Sassamon,  that  indicated 
murder,  and  an  Indian  soon  appeared,  who  said  that  he  saw 
sor\ie  of  Philip's  Indians  in  the  very  execution  of  it.  Three 
were  immcdiatciy  appreliended,  and  tried  at  the  court  in 

Plyuiouth. 

§  An  Indian,  who  from  this  time,  was  very  friendly  to  Mr 
Church.     All  1    an  fmd  concerning  him  is  in  this  history. 


22 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


imine)  to  invito  Mr.  Church  to  tlic  (hmcc*  Mr 
Churcli,  upon  the  invitation  JJnui(3(hutely  takes  with 
him  Charles  Ilazelton,  hid  tenant's  son,  who  well 
understood  the  Indian  language,  and  rode  down  to  the 
place  appointed,  where  they  found  hundreds  of 
Indians  gathered  together  from  all  parts  of  her 
dominion.  Awashonks  herself  in  a  foaming  sweat, 
was  leading  the  dance  ;  but  she  was  no  sooner  sen« 
sihlo  of  Mr.  Church's  arrival,  but  she  broke  ofi",  sat 
down,  calls  her  nobles  around  her,  [and]  orders  Mr. 
Church  to  be  invited  into  her  presence.  Compli- 
ments being  passed,  and  each  one  taking  seat, 
she  told  him  [that]  King  Philip  had  sent  six  men 
of  his,  with  two  of  her  people, f  that  had  been  over 
at  Mounthope,J  to  draw  her  into  a  confederacy  with 

Plymouth,  in  .Tiino,  by  a  jury,  says  MaUior,  consisting  of  half 
Inilians,  and  half  Enj^lish,  and  brou}i;lit  in  K'lilt.V  ofthe  murder. 
Two  of  them  jjorsistinp;  in  their  innocrnce  to  thn  end,  and 
the  third  denied  that  he  had  any  iiand  in  the  murder,  but 
said  that  he  saw  the  others  commit  it.  Perhaps  lie  made  this 
confessior.  in  hones  of  pardon,  but  it  did  not  save  Iiim.  ISIag- 
nalia,  11,486.  Matlier  places  the  death  of  Sassamon  in  1G74, 
this  was  old  style,  hence  it  was  previous  to  the  25th  of  March 
lti75.  IIuI)bard,  69,  says  that  Sa'samon  had  been  Philip's 
secretary,  and  chief  coiins^mr.  To  what  tribe  he  tirst  be- 
loiifred  I  have  not  ascertiii.ird,  l)ut  from  thishistory  it  appears 
that  he  belonged  to  the  bogkonate  Indians,  in  the  spring  of 
1675, 

*  One  might  conclude  this  transaction  to  have  been  abuiit 
the  miiblle  of  .June,  by  its  connexion  with  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  but  by  the  death  of  Sassamon  it  must  be 
placed  much  earlier. 

t  These  two  I  conclude',  were  those,  or  among  those  men- 
tioned by  Hubbard,  60,  who  discovered  the  plots  of  PLilip, 
one  ol'wl.oiH  might  be  Sassamon. 

i  (Or  J\Ion(-hmi}),  a  mountain  in  Bristol.) 

Why  the  author  writes  this  word  so  I  do  not  know,  un- 
less it  were  so  pronounccil  in  his  day.  Its  ancient  'ime  -waa 
PokanoUet.  It  is  (|u*te  an  eminence  about  tw.,  .  .'  c!>'t 
from  the  village  of  Dristol,  .  ry. steep  on  all  side«  ii:Hi  ;■  *><•• 
nates  in  a  large  rock,  which  at  a  distance  hasth  '.  ,»  :i>a:i'  j 
of  a  large  dome  of  an  amphitheatre.  It  is  apiJUic.iJy  com- 
posed of  pebbles  and  sand.  On  this  now  stand.s  a  small  oc» 
Mioiial  building.     Fro!u  many  places  on  the  ea-;t  sliore,  par- 


PHILIP'S  WAU. 


23 


him,  in  q  wnr  with  the  English;  [un<t]  tlcsirod  him 
to  give  her  liis  ndvicn  in  tlie  ca.sp ;  auti  to  ti-ll  lior  the 
trutli,  whether  the  Unn  "me*  meu,  {.ia  PhiUp  liad  toUl 
her)  were  gathering  a  groat  army  to  invailr  I'hilip's 
country.  IIo  assured  her  ho  wuld  tell  her  the  truiJl, 
and  give  hor  his  best  advice.  Then  ho  told  her  it 
was  hut  a  few  days  since  ho  came  iVoin  IMymouth, 
a'ld  [that]  tlio  English  wore  then  making  no  pi'  pa- 
rations  for  war;  that  ho  was  in  company  witli  tlie 
'principal  gentlemen  of  the  government,  who  had  no 
discourse  at  all  about  war,  and  he  belie  vod  no  thoughts 
about  it.  IIo  asked  hor  whether  she  thought  ho 
would  have  brought  up  his  goods  to  settle  in  that 
plficc,  if  he  apprehended  an  entering  into  [a]  war  with 
so  near  a  neighbour.  Sho  ^seemed  to  bo  sonu  what 
convinced  by  his  talk,  and  said  sho  believed  he  spoke 
the  truth.  Then  sho  called  fo.*  the  Mounthopo  men, 
who  made  a  formidable  appearance,  with  tlieir  faces 
painted,  and  their  hairs  trimmed  up  in  comb  fashion, 
with  their  powdorhorns  and  shot  bagsf  at  their  backs 

•  icularlv  Hi  the  little  village  of  Fallriver,  this  mount  lorms 
a  beautiful  acclivity  in  the  landscape  ;  very  nearly  resoin- 
Ming  a  view  of  the  State  house  at  Boston  i'roni  a  ilistaiice. 
On  an  excursion  there  in  the  summer  of  1821,  many  gratify- 
ing objects  were  discovered,  relating  to  tlie  times  of  which 
we  treat.  A  most  beautiful  prospect  of  Providence  and  tlie 
surrounding  country  and  bay  appears  from  this  mount. 

•  The  Indian  name  for  Plymouth. 

I  It  has  heen  a  question  among  many,  how  the  Indians  be- 
came furnished,  so  soon,  with  our  implements  of  war.  It  is 
not  probable  that  every  source  is  known  ;  but  (hey  no  doubt, 
hail  a  large  sui)ply  from  tiic  French  in  the  east  of  Neweng- 
land.  A  man  by  (he  name  of  Morton,  who  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1622,  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  that  supjilied  the 
Indians  wi(h  arms  and  ammunidon,  and  taught  tliem  their 
use,  in  (he  country  adjacent  to  Cape  Cod,  Tiiis  he  done 
that  the  Indians  might  hunt  and  jtrocure  furs  for  him.  Sec- 
retary Morton,  in  his  Newengland's  Memorial,  7G,  says,  "  he 
had  be  11  a  petty-fogger  at  Furnival's  Inn,  liaving  more  craft 
than  honesty  ;"  but  in  justice  to  liiin  it  may  l)e  observed, 
that  the  Memori{lli^t  has  made  every  circumstance  a|>pear  in 
the  darkest  tlress,  and  not  only  of  him,  but  others,  whom,  ia 


!L 


24 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


which  among  that  nation  is  the  posture  and  figure  of 
preparedness  for  Avar.  She  told  Mr.  Church  these 
were  the  persons  that  had  brought  her  the  report  of 
the  English  preparations  for  war,  and  then  told  them 
wliat  Mr.  Church  had  said  in  answer  to  it.  Upon 
this  began  a  warm  talk  among  the  Indians,  but  it  was 
soon  quashed,  and  Awashonks  proceeded  to  tell  Mr. 

d(^o(l,  we  had  rather  speak  in  praise.  All  historians,  with 
whom  I  am  conversant,  agree  that  he  was  a  disorderly  per- 
son, of  l)ad  morals,  and  gave  people  much  trouble.  He  re- 
sii'.ed  first  in  Mr.  Weston's  Plantation  at  Wessagusset,  now 
Weymouth;  but  that  breaking  up  the  next  year,  1623,  he 
next  settled  with  Captain  Wallaston  at  or  near  the  same 
place  in  1G25,  and  the  place  being  near  the  hill  that  separates 
Weymouth  from  Quincy,  was  called  Mount  Wallaston. 
Capt.  AVallaston  with  most  of  his  company  abandoned  the 
plantation,  and  Morton  usurped  the  government.  They 
soon  found  themselves  involved  in  difficulties  with  the  In- 
dians and  with  one  another.  They  erected  a  Maypole,  and 
practiced  their  excesses  about  it.  Selling  arms  to  the  na- 
tives being  a  breach  of  the  laws  among  others,  he  was  seized 
by  order  of  the  court,  and  soon  after,  1628,  sent  to  England. 
No  notice  of  the  complaints  against  him  being  taken,  he  re- 
turned the  next  year.  He  was  afterwards  imprisoned  for 
his  writings.  He  died  at  Agamenticus  in  1644  or  5, 
according  to  Allen,  American  Biog.  441.  He  has  been  ac- 
cused of  giving  currency  to  the  story  of  "  hanging  the  wea- 
ver instead  of  the  cobbler,"  The  author  of  Hudibras  get- 
ting hold  of  the  story,  has,  in  that  ivork.  Part  II,  Canto  II, 
line  403,  &-c.,  set  it  oH'to  the  no  small  expense  of  the  zeal  of 
the  Pilgrims.  See  Belknap,  Amer.  Biog.  II,  313,  Prince 
Chron.  212,  and  Savage's  edition  of  Winthrop,  I,  34,  33,  SO, 
where  the  passage  may  be  seen.  The  latter  author  says  it 
was  not  so,  on  the  authority  of  Morton  himself ;  but  as  the 
ailair  haj)pene<l  at  Weston's  plantation,  w^here  Morton  was 
concerneil,  it  is  natural  that  he  should  say  the  right  one  was 
hungeil.  In  a  note  to  line  413,  in  the  passage  above  referred 
to,  is  tiie  following  positive  assertion:  "  The  history  of  the 
Cobbler  had  been  attested  by  persons  of  good  credit,  wiio 
were  upon  the  place  when  it  was  done."  Early  authors 
hinted  at  the  afiair,  and  late  ones  have  enlarged  uimn  it. 
The  truth  no  doubt  is  as  follows:  The  people  of  that  planta- 
tion were  in  a  state  of  starvation,  and  by  stealing  from  the 
Indians  had  incurred  their  vengeance,  which  to  satisfy,  they 
hanged  one ;  who,  Hudibras  says,  was  a  bedrid  weaver, 
whereas  the  rigiil  or  -^  was  a  useful  cobbler,  whom  they  could 


not  so  we 


>l)are. 


J 


1      i 


■■-'■T 


PHILIP'S  WAR.  25 

Church,  that  Philip's  message  to  her  was,  that  unless 
she  would  forthwith  enter  into  a  confederacy  witli 
liim  in  a  war  against  the  English,  he  would  send  his 
men  over  privately,  to  kill  the  English  cattle,  and 
burn  their  houses  on  that  side  of  the  river,  which 
would  provoke  the  English  to  fall  upon  her,  whom, 
they  would  without  doubt,  suppose  the  author  of  the 
mischief.  Mr.  Church  told  her  he  was  sorry  to  see 
fto  threatening  an  aspect  of  affairs ;  and  stepping  to 
the  Mountliopes,  he  felt  of  their  bags,  and  finding 
them  filled  with  bullets,  asked  them  what  those 
bullets  were  for.  They  scofHngly  replied,  "  To  shoot 
pigeons  with."  Then  Mr.  Church  turned  to  Awa- 
shonks,  and  told  her,  [that]  if  Philip  were  resolved 
to  make  war,  her  best  way  would  be  to  knock  tiiose 
six  Mounthopes  on  the  head,  and  shelter  herself  under 
the  protection  of  the  English.  Upon  which  the  Mount- 
hopes  were  for  the  present  dumb.  But  those  two  of 
Awashonks'  men,  who  had  been  at  Mounthope, 
expressed  themselves  in  a  furious  manner  against  his 
advice.  And  Littleeyes,*  one  of  the  Queen's  coun- 
sel joined  with  them,  and  urged  Mr.  Church  to  go 
aside  with  him  among  the  bushes,  that  he  might  have 
some  privatediscourse  with  him,  which  other  Indians 
immediately  forbid;  being  sensible  of  his  ill  design. 
But  the  Indians  began  to  side,  and  grow  very  warm. 
Mr.  Church,  with  undaunted  courage,  told  the  Mount- 
hopes,  [that]  they  were  bloody  wretches,  and  thirsted 
after  the  blood  of  their  English  neighbours,  who  had 
never  injured  them,  but  had  always  abounded  in  their 
kindness  to  them.  That  for  his  own  part,  though 
he  desired  nothing  more  than  peace,  yet,  if  nothing 
but  war  would  satisfy  them,  he  believed  he  should 
prove  a  sharp  thorn  in  their  sides :  Bid  the  company 
observe  those  men  that  were  of'such  bloody  disposi- 
tions, whether  providence  would  suffer  them  to  live 

*  He  was  afterward  taken  in  the  war  that  followed,  by 
Church,  and  treated  very  kindly,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  pro- 
gress oflhis  history. 

B 


26 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  see  the  event  of  ilio  war,  which  others,  more 
peaceably  disposed,  might  do.  Then  he  tohl  Awas- 
lionks,  [that]  he  tliouglit  it  might  be  most  advisable 
for  her  to  send  to  the  Governour  of  Plymouth,*  and 
shelter  herself  and  people  under  his  protection 
She  liked  his  advice,  and  desired  hini  to  go  on  her  be 
half  to  the  Plymouth  government,  which  he  consent- 
ed to.  And  at  parting  advised  her,  [that]  whatever 
she  did,  not  to  desert  the  English  interest  to  join 
with  her  neighbours  in  a  rebellion,!  which  would 
certainly  prove  fatal  to  her.  (He  moved  none  of  his 
goods  from  his  house,  that  there  might  not  be  the 
least  umbrage  from  such  an  action,  j)  She  thanked 
him  for  his  advice,  and  sent  two  of  her  men  to  guard 
him  to  his  house,  [who]'  when  they  came  there, 
urged  him  to  take  care  to  secure  his  goods,  which  he 
refused,  for  the  reasons  before  mentioned  ;  but  desired 
the  Indians,  that  if  what  they  feared,  should  happen, 
they  would  take  care  of  what  he  left,  and  directed 
them  to  a  place  in  the  woods  where  they  should 
dispose  of  them,  which  they  faithfully  observed.     He 

1  [which] 

•  The  Honourable  Josiah  AVinslow,  Esq.,  who  was  after- 
wards commander  in  chief  of  the  forces  in  this  war.  He  was 
a  son  of  the  distinguished  Mr.  Edward  Winslow,  who  was 
also  Governour  of  Plymouth  many  years.  He  was  born  in 
1629,  and  was  the  first  Governor  born  in  Newengland,  which 
office   he  filled  7  years.     He  died  18  Dec.   1680,  aged  52, 

t  This  war  was  called  a  rebellion,  because  the  English 
fancied  th^m  under  the  King  of  England,  but  that  did  not 
make  them  so.  As  well  might  emigrants  from  the  United 
States  land  on  the  coast  of  France,  and  because  they  were 
disputed  by  the  inhabitants,  of  their  right  so  to  do,  call  them 
rebels  ;  yet,  when  the  country  was  neither  claimed  nor  im- 
proved, certainly,  to  take  possession  and  improve  was  not 
wrong.  Our  author  i^  by  no  means  so  lavish  of  ill  names  as 
many  early  writers.  Hellhounds,  fiends,  ser|)enls,  caitiffs, 
dogs,  &.C.,  were  their  common  appellations.  The  ill  fame  of 
Mather,  in  this  mspect,  will  be  celebrated  as  long  as  the 
marvellous  contents  of  the  Magnalia  are  read. 

X  This  sentence  was  included  in  brackets  in  the  copy  but 
as  I  have  appropriated  that  mark  to  my  own  use,  I  substi- 
tute the  parenthesis 


■r 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


27 


"■""■'J 

-  .■"'■( 


took  his  leave  of  his  guard,  [after  bidding]^  them 
tell  their  mistress,  [that]  if  she  continued  steady  in 
her  dependence  on  the  English,  and  kept  within  her 
own  limits  of  Sogkonate,  he  would  see  her  again 
quickly ;  and  then  hastened  away  to  Pocasset  ;*  where 
he  met  with  Peter  Nunnuit,  the  husband  of  tlie 
tiueenf  of  Pocasset,  who  was  just  then  come  over  in 
a  canoe  from  Mounthope.  Peter  told  him  that  tliere 
would  certainly  be  war,  for  Philip  had  held  a  dance 
of  several  weeks  continuance,  and  had  entertained 
tlie  young  men  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  And 
added,  that  Philip  expected  to  be  sent  for  to  Ply- 
mouth, to  be  examined  about  Sassamon'sJ  death,  whc 
was  nmrdered  at  Assawomset  ponds,§  knowing  him- 
self guilty  of  contriving  that  murder.  The  same 
Peter  told  him  that  he  saw  Mr.  James  Brown, |1  of 
1  [and  bid] 

•  (Tiverton  shore  over  against  the  north  end  of  Rhodeisl- 
and.) 

t  Weetamore  or  Wetamoe,  "Philip's  near  kinswoman." 
Hub.  224.  The  same  mentioned  in  another  ])lace,  as 
"  Srjuaw  Sachem  of  Pocasset."  She  was  drowned  in  cross- 
ing a  river  or  arm  of  the  sea  at  Swanzej',  6  August,  1675, 
by  attemi)ling  to  escape  from  a  party  of  English.  lb.  224. 
Her  head  was  cut  off,  and  set  upon  a  pole.     Ibid. 

f  The  same  of  whom  the  history  is  given  in  note  3  on 
page  21. 

§  (Middlehorough.) 

Three  large  ponds  about  40  miles  from  Boston,  and  16 
from  NewTicdford.  In  passing  from  the  latter  place  to  the 
former  we  have  the  largest  on  the  right,  which  now  bears  the 
name  of  Assawomset,  or  Assawamset,  and  two  others  on  the 
If'i't.  They  are  all  very  near  together.  The  road  ]iasses  be- 
tween two,  separated  only  by  a  narrow  neck  of  flat  land, 
about  a  stone's  throw  over. 

II  "  One  of  the  magistrates  of  Plymouth  jurisdiction.' 
Hubbard,  12.  This  gentleman  was  very  active  in  the  war. 
lie  was  a  magistrate  between  the  years  1670  and  1675. 
Morton,  !;08.  A  minister  of  Swanzey  is  mentioneil  by  bla- 
ther in  his  third  clasis  of  Newengland  ministers  by  this 
name. 


28 


PHILIP'S  WAR 


Svvanzey,*  and  Mr.  Samuel  Gorton, f  who  was  an 
interpreter,  and  two  other  men,t  who  brought  a  letter 

•  A  town  on  the  west  side  of  Taunton  river  in  the  bottom 
of  Mounthope  bay,  about  15  miles  from  Taunton,  and  in  the 
vicinity  of  Mounthope,  distance  by  the  road  about  11  niilep. 

fAccounts  of  this  {3;entleman  may  be  seen  in  Morton's  Me- 
morial, 117,  &c.,  which,  perhaps,  are  not  impartial.  That 
author  paMaking  of  the  persecuting  spirit  of  the  times, 
accuses  liim  of  all  manner  of  outrages  agamst  religion  and  go- 
vernment. "  Not  only,"  he  observes,  "  abandoning  and  re- 
jecting all  civil  power  and  authority,  (except  moulded  accord- 
ing to  his  own  fancy)  but  belching  out  errours,  &,c."  Seve- 
ral pages  in  that  work  are  (illed  up  to  tliis  etl'ect.  Dr,  Eliot, 
N.  E.  Biog.  227,  says,  "  It  is  evident  (hat  he  was  not  so  bad 
a  man  as  his  enemies  represented."  The  reader  is  referred 
to  that  excellent  work,  for  an  interesting  account  of  him. 
Allen,  also,  314,  seems  inclined  to  do  him  justice,  and  is  more 
particular.  It  appears  evident  that  he  was  ratlier  wild  in 
nis  views  of  religion,  and  went  too  far,  perhaps,  in  persuad- 
ing others  to  fall  in  with  him.  He  came  to  Boston  in  1C36, 
from  London,  and  was  soon  suspected  of  heresy,  on  which  he 
vas  examined.  But  from  his  aptness  in  evading  questions 
nothing  was  found  against  him.  He  went  to  Plymouth,  but 
did  not  stay  long  there,  having  got  into  difficulty  with  their 
minister,  t'rom  thence  he  went  to  Rhodeisland  of  his  own 
accord;  or  as  some  say,  was  banished  there.  Here,  it  is  said, 
he  underwent  corporeal  punishment  for  his  contempt  of  civil 
authority.  Leaving  this  place  he  went  to  Providence  in 
1649,  where  he  was  very  luimanely  treated  by  Mr.  Roger 
Williams,  who  also  had  been  banished  on  the  score  o!"  tenets. 
He  began  a  settlement  at  Patuxet,  4  or  5  miles  south  of 
Providence  in  1641,  but  was  soon  complained  of  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  Massachusetts,  for  encroaching  ui)on  the  lands 
of  others.  The  Governour  ordered  him  to  answer  to  the 
same  which  he  refused,  treating  the  messenger  with  coii- 
tempt.  But  he  was  arrested,  carried  to  Boston  and  had  his 
trial.  A  cruel  sentence  was  passed  upon  him,  being  conlin- 
cd  a  whole  winter  at  Charlestown  in  heavy  irons,  and  then 
banished  out  of  the  colony.  In  1644,  he  went  to  England, 
andia  1648,  returned  to  his  possessions  by  permission  of  jiar- 

lianient. 


X  Who  these  two  men  were  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascer- 
tain. Mention  is  made  in  the  histories  of  this  war  of  messen- 
gers being  sent,  but  in  none  more  than  two,  and  their  names 
are  not  mentioned.  Two  were  also  sent  from  Massachu- 
setts. See  Hub.  Nar.  72,  73.  Hutch.  I,  262.  Tlicy  were 
sent  16  June,  1675. 


! 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


29 


from  the  Governour  of  Plymouth  to  Philip.  He 
observed  to  him  further,  that  the  young  men  were 
very  eager  to  begin  the  war,  and  would  fain  have 
killed  Mr.  Brown,  but  Philip  prevented  it;  telling 
them  that  his  father  had  charged  him  to  show  kind- 
ness to  Mr.  Brown.  In  short,  Philip  was  forced  to 
promise  them,  that,  on  the  next  Lord's  day,  when  the 
English  were  gone  to  meeting  they  should  rifle  their 
houses,  and  from  that  time  forward,  kill  their  cattle. 

Peter  desired  Mr.  Church  to  go  and  see  his  wife, 
who  was  but  [just]  up  the  hill  ;*  he  went  and  found 
but  few  of  her  people  with  her.  She  said  they  were 
all  gone  against  her  will  to  the  dances,  and  she  much 
feared  [that]  there  would  be  a  war.  Mr.  Church 
advised  her  to  go  to  the  island  and  secure  herself, 
and  those  that  were  with  her,  and  send  to  the  Gover- 
nour of  Plymouth,  who  she  knew  was  her  friend ;  and 
so  left  her,  resolving  to  hasten  to  Plymouth,  and 
wait  on  the  Governour.  And  he  was  so  expeditious 
that  he  was  with  the  Governour  early  next  morning,f 
though  he  waited  on  some  of  the  magistrates  by  the 
way,  who  were  of  the  council  of  war,  and  also  met 
him  at  the  Governour's.  He  gave  them  an  account 
of  his  observations  and  discoveries,  which  confirmed 
their  former  intelligences,  and  hastened  their  prepa- 
ration for  defence. 

Philip,  according  to  his  promise  to  his  people,  per- 
mitted them  to  march  out  of  the  neckj  on  the  next 
Lord's  day,§  when  they  plundered  the  nearest  hou- 

liament.  He  was  a  minister,  and  a  man  of  talents  and  abili- 
ty. His  defence  against  the  charges  in  Morton's  Memorial, 
shows  him  to  be  a  man  of  learning,  and  is  worthy  perusing. 
It  is  in  Hutchinson,  Hist.  Mas.  I,  467  to  470.  He  lived  to 
an  advanced  age,  but  the  time  of  his  death  is  not  known. 

*  I  conclude  this  hill  to  be  that  a  little  north  of  Howland's 
ferry. 

t'June  16. 

+  The  neck  on  which  Bristol  and  Warren  nov  are,  mak' 
ing  the  ancient  Pokanoket. 

§  June  20.  See  Trumbull,  Hist.  Con.  I,  327.  Ibid.  U 
States,  I,  139. 


I 


so 


PHILIP'S  WAil. 


ses  that  the  inhabitants  had  deserted,  but  as  yet  of- 
fered no  violence  to  the  people,  at  least  none  were 
killed.*  However  the  alarm  was  given  by  their  num- 
bers and  hostile  equipage,  and  by  the  prey  they 
made  of  what  they  could  find  in  the  forsaken  houses. 
An  express  came  the  same  day  to  the  Govcrnour,f 
who  immediately  gave  orders  to  the  captains  of  the 
towns,  to  march  the  greatest  part  of  their  companies, 
and  to  rendezvous  at  Taunton  on  Monday  nigiit,  j 
where  Major  Bradford  was  to  receive  them,  and  dis- 
pose them  under  Captain  (now  made  Major)  Cut- 
worthy  of  Scituate.  The  Governour  desired  Mr. 
Church  to  give  them  his  company,  and  to  use  his  in- 
terest in  their  behalf,  with  the  gentlemen  of  Rliode- 
island.  lie  complied  with  it,  and  th'  ^  marched  the 
next  day.  Major  Bradford  desired  Mr.  Church,  with 
a  commanded  party,  consisting  of  English  and  some 
friend  Indians,  to  march  in  the  front  at  some  distance 
from  the  main  body.  Their  orders  were  to  keep  so 
far  before  as  not  to  be  in  sight  of  the  army.  And  so 
they  did,  for  by  the  way  they  killed  a  deer.  Hayed, 
roasted,  and  eat  the  most  of  him  before  the  army 
came  up  with  them.     But  the  Plymouth  forces  soon 

*  But  an  Indian  was  fired  nvjn  and  wounded,  wliifh  was  a 
sufficient  umbrage  for  them  to  begin  the  work.  See  Huh. 
Nar.  72,  and  Hutch.  I,  201.  It  appears  that  Pliilip  waited 
for  the  EngHsh  to  begin,  and  to  tliat  end,  had  suffered  his 
Tien  to  provoke  them  to  it ;  yet,  it  was  thought  that  Philij) 
tried  to  restrain  them  from  beginning  so  soon,  as  is  observed 
in  note  1  to  page  17.  At  this  time  a  whimsical  opinion 
prevailed,  that  the  side  which  first  began  would  finally  be 
conquered.     Hutch.  Ibid. 

t  In  consequence  of  this  intelligence  Governour  Winslow 
proclaimed  a  fast.     H.Adams,  120. 

t  June  21. 

^  James  Cudworth, several  years  a  magistrate  of  Plymoulli 
colony.  Other  historians  style  him  Captain,  but  do  not  take 
notice  of  this  advancement. "  See  Hubbard,  Nar.  75,  79j  84 
Also  in  the  continuation  of  Morton,  203,  where  it  appears  ha 
was  an  assistant  in  the  jrovernment  between  1670  and  1675. 


Rli* 


FUILIP'S  WAR. 


.'31 


arrived  at  Swanzey,*  and  were  chiefly  posted  at  Ma- 
jor Brown'sf  and  Mr.  Miles'J  garrisons,  and  wore 
there  soon  joined  with  those  that  came  from  Massa- 
chusetts, who  had  entered  into  a  confederacy  with 
tlieir  Plymouth  brethren  against  the  perfidious  hea- 
thens. 

The  enemy,  who  began  their  hostilities  with  plun- 
dering and  destroying  cattle,§  did  not  long  content 
themselves  with  that  game  ;  they  thirsted  for  English 
blood,  and  they  soon  broached  it ;  killing  two  men 
in  the  way  not  far  from  Mr.  Miles'  garrison,  and 

•Whether  the  Plymouth  forces  were  at  Swanzey  when 
the  first  Enajlish  were  killed  does  not  appear,  though  it  is 
presumed  that  they  were  not.  We  are  certain  that  they  had 
sufficient  time  to  arrive  there.  It  appears  from  the  text  that 
they  marched  from  Plymouth  on  Monday,  which  was  the  21 
June,  and  the  first  English  were  killed  the  24. 

The  author  seems  to  be  a  little  before  his  story  concerning 
the  Massachusetts'  men,  for  we  know  that  they  did  not  ar- 
rive till  the  28  June,  and  their  arrival  is  related  before  the 
first  men  were  killed. 

Dr.  Morse,  in  his  late  history  of  the  Revolution,  has  run 
over  this  history  without  any  regard  to  dates.  Nor  has  ho 
thought  it  worth  his  while  to  toll  us  there  ever  was  such  an 
author  as  Cimich,  but  copies  from  him  as  though  it  were  his 
own  work,  which,  at   bo^t  he  makes  a  mutilated  mas.5. 

t  See  note  5  on  page  27. 

:l:Thc  Rev,  .John  Miles,  as  I  find  in  Allen,  Biog.  429,  was 
minister  of  the  first  Baptist  church  in  I\Iassachusotts  ;  that  in 
l()4fl  lie  was  a  settled  minister  near  Swansea  in  South  Wales. 
Hence^  perhaps,  the  name  of  Swanzey  in  Mass.  is  ■'erivoil. 
Mr.  Miles  being  ejected  in  1662,  came  to  this  country,  and 
formed  a  church  at  Rehoboth.  He  removed  to  Swanzny  a 
few  years  after,  which  town  was  granted  to  the  baptists 
by  the  government  of  Plymouth.  Hutchinson,  I,  209,  si)eaks 
of  him  as  a  man  discovering  christian  unity,  &c.  He  died 
•n  1683. 

§  It  appears  that  an  Indian  was  wounded  while  in  tl\e  act 
of  killing  cattle  ;  or  as  tradition  informs  us,  the  Imlian  who 
was  wounded,  after  killing  some  animals  in  a  man's  field, 
went  to  his  house  and  deman<ied  liquor,  and  being  refused 
attempted  to  take  it  by  violence,  tlireatening  at  the  same 
time  to  be  rcvong  d  lor  such  usage,  this  cau.-;ed  the  English- 
man to  fire  on  h\y.. 


82 


PHILIP'S    VVAK. 


'.y- 


soon  after  eight  more*  at  Matapoiset  :f  Upon  whose 
bodies  they  exercised  more  than  brutish  barbarities ; 
beheading,  dismembering  and  mangling  them,  and 
exposing  them  in  the  most  inhuman  manner,  which 
gashed  and  ghostly  objects  struck  a  damp  on  all  be- 
holders.f 

The  enemy  flushed  with  these  exploits,  grew  yet 
bolder,  and  skulking  every  where  in  the  bushes,  shot 
at  all  passengers,  and  killed  many  that  ventured 
abroad.  They  came  so  near  as  to  shoot  two  sen- 
tinels at  Mr.  Miles'  garrison,  under  the  very  noses 
of  our  forces.  These  provocations  drew  out  [ — ]^ 
some  of  Captain  Prentice's  troops,§  who  desired 
they  might  have  liberty  to  go  out  and  seek  the  ene- 
my in  their  own  quarters.  Quartermasters  Gill  and 
Belcherjl  commanded  the  parties  drawn  out,  who 
earnestly  desired  Mr.  Church's  company.  They  pro- 
vided him  a  horse  and  furniture,  (his  own  being  out  of 
the  way.)  He  readily  complied  with  their  desires, 
and  was  soon  mounted.  This  party  was  no  sooner 
over  Miles'  bridge,ir  but  were  fired  upon  by  an  am- 
1  [the  resentment  of] 

*  It  was  the  same  day,  24  June,  on  Thursday,  being  a  fast, 
appointed  by  the  Governour  of  Plymouth,  on  hearing  what 
took  place  the  20.  See  H.  Adam's  Hist.  N.  England,  120. 
At  TJehoboth  a  man  was  fired  upon  the  same  day.  Hutchinson, 
1,261. 

t  (In  Swanzey.) 

Several  places  bore  this'name.     The  word  is  now  general- 
ly pronounced  Matapois.     It  anpears  too,  that  the  pronunci 
ation  tended  thus,  at  first,  as  I  find  it  spelt  in  Winslow's  Nar 
rative,  Matapuyst.     See  Belknap,  Biog.  II,  292. 

f  The  sight  must  have  been  dreadful,  but  yet,  it  did  not 
hinder  the  English  from  the  like  foul  deeds,  Weetamore's 
head  was  cut  otf  and  set  upon  a  pole.     See  note  2  on  page  27. 

§  Capt.  Thomas  Prentice  of  the  Boston  troops.  Twelve 
was  the  number  that  went  over  at  this  time.  Hubbard,  75 
Hutchinson,  I,  262. 

II  Hubbard,  75,  calls  him  Corporal  Belcher.  He  makes  no 
mention  of  any  person  by  the  name  of  Gill. 

IT  There  is  a  bridge  over  Palmer's  river,  which  bears  this 
name.     It  is  about  4  miles  north  of  Warren. 


OMMTM  or  PJUfOUa.     p. 9 


-^ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 

I 


liJ 


biiscadc  of  about  a  dozen  Indians,  as  they  were  af- 
terward discovered  to  bo.  When  they  drewolf,  llio 
pilot*  was  mortally  wounded,  Mr.  Belcher  received 
a  shot  in  his  knee,  and  his  horse  was  killed  under 
him.  Mr.  Gill  was  struck  with  a  musket  ball  on  the 
side  of  his  body  ;  but  being  clad  with  a  buff  coat,f 
and  some  thickness  of  paper  under  it,  it  never  broke 
his  skin.t  The  troopers  were  surprised  to  see  both 
their  commanders  wounded  and  wheeled  off;  but 
Mr.  Ckurch  persuaded,  at  length  stormed  and  stamp- 
ed, and  told  them  it  was  a  shame  to  run,  and  leave 
a  wounded  man  there  to  become  a  i)rey  to  the 
barbarous  enemy ;  for  the  pilot  yet  sat  on  his  horse, 
though  amazed  with  the  shot  as  not  to  have  sense  1o 
guide  him.  Mr.  Gill  seconded  him,  and  offered, 
though  much  disabled,  to  assist  in  lyinging  him  off. 
Mr.  Church  asked  a  stranger,  who  gave  him  his  com- 
pany in  that  action,  if  he  would  go  with  him  and 
fetch  off  the  wounded  man.  He  readily  consented, 
and  they  with  Mr.  Gill  went ;  but  the  wounded  man 
fainted,  and  fell  off  his  horse  before  they  came  to  iiim. 
But  Mr.  Church  and  the  stranger  dismounted,  took 
up  the  man,  dead,  and  laid  him  before  Mr.  Gill  on  his 
horse.  Mr.  Church  told  the  other  two,  [tlial]  if  they 
would  take  care  of  the  dead  man.  he  would  go  and 
fetch  his  horse  back,  which  was  going  oif  the  cause- 
way toward  the  enemy  ;  but  before  he  got  over  the 
causeway  he  saw  the  enemy  run  to  the  rigiit  into  the 
neck.  He  brougjit  back  the  horsc,  and  called  ear- 
nestly and  repeatedly*  to  the  army  to  come  over  and 
fight  the  enemy  ;  and  while  he  stood  culling  and 
persuading,  the  skulking  enemy  returned  to  their 
old  stand,  and  all  discharged  their  guns  at  him  at  one 
clap  ;  [and]  though  every  shot  missed  him,  yet,  one 

•  William  Hammond. 

t  A  buflfcoat,  and  kind  of  cuiras  or  breastplate  of  iron  or 
steel  fcrmjed  their  armour;  swords,  carabines,  and  pistols, 
their  weapons. 

t  June  28.  This  action  took  place  the  same  day  that  the 
other  troops  arrived  n 


'■»# 


34 


PHILIP'S  WAH. 


of  tlicniniyon  llinotlior  side  of  the  river,  received  ono 
of  the  hulls  in  his  foot.  Mr.  Chureh  now  began,  (no 
succour  coininfj  to  him)  to  think  it  time  to  retreat. 
Snyin,'if.  "VVjc  Lord  have  mercy  on  us,  jf  such  a 
handful  of  ludians  shall  thus  dare  such  an  army.'"* 

Upon  this  it  was  iuunediately  resolved,  and  orders 
were  given  to  marcii  down  into  the  neck,f  and  hav- 
ing passed  the  bridge  and  causeway,  the  direction 
was  to  extend  both  wmgs,  which  not  being  well  heed- 
ed by  tliose  that  remained  in  the  centre,  some  of 
them  mistook  their  friends  for  their  enemies, J  and 
made  a  fire  upon  them  in  the  right  wing,  and  wound- 
ed that  noble  heroick  youth,  lOnsign  Savage,  in  the 
thigh,^^  but  it  happily  jjroved  but  a  llesh  wound.  They 
marched  until  they  came  to  the  narrow  of  the  neck, 
at  a  place  called  Keekamtut,||  where  they  took  down 

*  Thus  ended  the  28  .Tune,  1075,  accordinp;  to  Hiihl)ard, 
75  ;  but  by  the  text,  the  next  transaction  would  seem  under 
the  same  date,  which  from  the  fact  that  most  of  tlie  army  did 
not  arrive  until  after  noon,  and  that  the  action  did  not  takf! 
place  until  it  had  arrived,  it  is  plain  that  it  was  not.  Kutch- 
inson,  I,  262,  is  as  indistinct  with  repanl  to  tlie  dates  in 
question,  as  our  author,  but  Holmes  considered  it  as  1  do. 
Annals,  I,  421.  The  next  morning,  Huhhard,  75,  says,  that 
tiie  Indians,  at  half  a  mile's  distance,  shouted  twice  or 
thrice,  and  9  or  10  showing  themselves  at  the  bridge,  tiie 
army  immediately  went  in  pursuit  of  them. 

t  June  29. 

:j:  I  cannot  find  as  any  historian  takes  notice  of  this  bad 
management  of  t  lie  army.  The  reason  is  obvious  as  Hub- 
bard says  nothing  of  it,  whom  they  all  follow.  Hence  it  ap- 
pears tliat  Savage  was  wounded  by  his  own  companio*i9,  am' 
not  by  10  or  12  of  the  enemy  discharging  upon  him  at  onet 
Sec  next  note. 

§"  He  had  at  that  time  one  bullet  lodged  in  his  thigh, 
another  shot  through  the  brim  of  his  hat,  by  ten  or  twelve 
of  the  enemy  ilischarging  upon  him  together,  while  he  bold- 
ly held  up  his  colours  in  the  front  of  his  company." 
Hubbard,  7G.  Our  author  or  Mr.  Hubbard  is  in  a  groat 
mistake  about  the  manner  in  which  he  was  wounded,  but  the 
former  ought  not  to  be  mistaken. 

II  (Upper  part  of  Bristol.) 

Now  tiie  upper  part  of  Warren,  which  has  bren  taken 


piiir.ii"s  WAii. 


llie  htnds  of  r-iyiit  Ki  •ili^liiiicii  tliat  woro  killrd  !>t  tlu; 
Ik'ikI  <>!'  Matiipoist't  ntck,  niid  set  upon  [)o|('><,  i\\'U)t 
\hv.  Itai  barous  mniincr  of  llioso  sii  vii<;cs.  Then;  IMiilip 
iiad  NtiiVfd  all  his  drtimH  nrul  conv(>y(;d  all  his  Cannes 
to  llio  til  t  side  of  Matapoisct  river.  Hence  it  was 
con(duded  by  those,  thut  were  ac(|uaii^(;d  with  the 
motions  of  those  people,  that  they  luui  ()uilt(!d  the 
neek.  Mr.  Chureli  told  them  that  Philip  was  doubt- 
less i^one  over  to  Pocasset  side  to  etif^aire  those  In- 
dians in  a  rebellion  with  him,  which  they  soon  found 
to  be  true.  The  enemy  W(;re  not  really  beaten  out 
of  Mnunthopc  neek,  thoui^di  it  was  true  [that]  th(>y 
tied  from  thence;  yet  it  was  before!  any  pursued 
them.  It  was  but  to  strengthen  themselves,  and  to 
gain  a  more  advantageous  post.  However,  some, 
and  not  a  few,  jjleased  themselves  with  the  fancy  o( 
a  mighty  con(|uest. 

A  grand  council  was  held,  and  a  resolve  j)assed, 
to  build  a  fort  tliere,  to  maintain  the  lirst  ground 
they  had  gained,  by  the  Indians  leaving  it  to  them. 
And  to  speak  the  truth,  it  must  be  said,  that  as  they 
gained  not  that  field  by  their  sword,  nor  their  bow, 
so  it  was  rather  their  fear  tiian  tlieir  courage  that 
obliged  them  to  set  up  the  marks  of  their  coiuiuest.^ 

Mr.  Church  looked  upon  it,  and  talked  of  it  with 
contempt,  and  urged  hard  the  pursuing  [of]  tlie  en- 
emy on  Pocasset  side;  and  with  the  greater  earnest- 
ness; because  of  the  promise  made  to  Awashnnks,  be- 
fore mentioned. 

The  council  adjourned  themselves  from  Mount- 

from  Bristol.  It  is  called  on  the  map  of  Rhodoislancl,  Kickc- 
inuot,  or  rather  the  bay  which  makes  this  neck  on  one  side, 
is  so  called.     Warren  river  makes  the  other  s^ide. 

•Major  Savap;e  and  Major  Cudworth  commandeil  (ho 
forces  in  this  expedition,  at  whom,  of  course,  this  rellecfion 
is  directed.  But  cliielly,  I  suppose,  at  Major  Cudworlli: 
For  I  finil,  Huhl)ard,  70,"  that  Captain  Cudworth,  as  lie  de- 
nominates  him,  "  left  a  garrison  of  40  men  upon  !Mount- 
hope  neck,"  wiiic'i  is  all  Ihat  he  says  about  this  fort. 


i 


so 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


hope  to  llehobolh,*  where  Mr.  Treasurer  South- 
worth,  being  weary  of  his  charge  of  Comiuissary 
General,  (provision  being  scarce  and  difficult  to 
be  obtained  for  the  army,f  that  now  lay  still  to  co- 
ver the  people  from  nobody,  while  tJiey  were  build- 
ing a  fort  for  nothing)  retired,  and  the  power  and 
trouble  of  that  post  was  left  to  Mr.  Church,  who 
still  urged  the  commanding  officers  to  move  over  to 
Pocasset  side,  to  pursue  the  enemy  and  kill  Philip, 
which  would  in  his  opinion  be  more  probable  to  keep 
possession  of  the  neck,  than  to  tarry  to  build  a  fort.  J 
He  was  still  restless  on  that  side  of  the  river,  and 
the  rather,  because  of  his  j)romise  to  the  squaw  Sa- 
chem of  Sogkonate.  And  Captain  Fuller^  also  urg- 
ed the  same,  until  at  length  there  came   further  or- 

•  A  town  in  Masfsachusetts,  about  10  miles  from  where  they 
then  were,  and  about  3S  from  Boston. 

t  Hubbard  says,  77,  that  the  forces  under  Major  Savage 
returned  to  Swanzey,  and  those  under  Capt.  Cudworth  pass» 
cd  over  to  Rhodeisland  the  same  day,  as  the  weather  looked 
likely  to  bo  tempestuous,  and  that  night  there  fell  abundance 
of  rain.  But  it  is  presumed  that  Caj)tai.n  Cudworth  soon  re- 
turned to  build  said  fort,  as  he  arrived  at  Swanzey  the  5 
July. 

I  While  these  ihings  were  passing,  Capt.  Hutchinson  was 
despatched  with  a  letter  from  the  Governour  of  Massachu- 
setts, bearing  date  Jul}'  4,  1675,  constituting  him  commis- 
sioner to  treat  with  tJie  Narragansets,  who  now  seem  openly 
to  declare  for  Philip.  He  arrived  the  5  at  Swanzey,  and  on 
the  6,  a  consultation  was  held,  wherein  it  was  resolved  "  to 
treat  with  the  Narragansets  sword  in  hand."  Accordingly 
the  forces  marched  into  their  country,  and  after  several  cere- 
monious days,  a  treaty,  as  long  as  it  was  useless,  was  signed 
on  the  15.  it  may  be  seen  at  large  in  Hubbard,  Nar.  SI  to 
83,  and  Hutchinson,  I,  263,  264.  By  which  the  Narragan- 
sets agreed,  to  liarbour  none  of  Philip's  ])eoj)le,  Stc. ;  ail 
which  was  only  forced  upon  them,  and  tlicy  roganled  it  no 
longer  than  the  army  was  present.  The  army  then  returned 
to  Taunton,  17  June. 

§  I  learn  nothing  more  of  this  gentleman  than  is  found  in 
this  history.  The  name  is  common  in  Massachiiselts  and 
elsewhere.  He  had  6  fdcs  each  containing  6  men,  therefore 
t^ir  whole  number  consisted  of  30  men  only. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


3? 


dcrs*  concerning  the  fort,  and  withal  an  order  foi 
Captain  Fuller  with  six  files  to  cross  the  river  to  the 
side  so  much  insisted  on,  and  to  try  if  he  could  get 
speech  with  any  of  the  Pocasset  or  Sogkonite  In- 
dians, and  that  Mr.  Church  sliouldgo  [as]  his  second. 
•  Upon  the  Captain's  receiving  his  orders,  he  asked 
Mr.  Church  whetlier  he  were  wil liner  to  ensrajje  in  this 
enterprise  ;  to  wiiom  it  was  indeed  too  agreeable  to 
be  declined;  though  he  thought  the  enterprise  wiis 
hazardous  enough  for  them  to  iiave  [had]  more  men 
assigned  them.  Captain  Fuller  told  him,  that  for 
his  own  part,  he  was  grown  ancient  and  heavy,  [and] 
I'le  feared  tlie  travel  and  fatigue  would  be  too  mucli 
for  him.  But  Mr.  Church  urged  him,  and  told  him 
[that]  he  woidd  cheerfully  excuse  him  his  hardship 
and  travel,  and  take  that  part  to  himself,  if  he  might 
but  go ;  for  he  had  ratlier  do  any  thing  in  the  world, 
than  to  stay  there  to  build  the  fort. 

Then  they  drew  out  the  number  assigned  them, 
and  marched  the  same  nightf  to  the  ferry, J  and  were 

•  From  Major  Cudworth,  wlio  did  not  go  with  Ijie  rpst  o( 
tlic  army  into  the  country  of  the  Narragansets.     Hub.  84. 

t  No  author  that  I  have  seen,  excepting  Mr.  Hubbard, 
fixes  any  date  to  this  memorable  part  of  Phihp's  War.  Nei- 
ther Hutchinson  nor  Trumbull  takes  any  noticeofit.  Hub- 
bard, 84, says,  "Unon  Thursday,  July?,  Captain  Fuller  and 
Lieutenant  Church  went  into  Pocasset  to  seek  after  the  ene- 
my," &.C.  But  he  is  in  an  errour  about  the  day  of  tlie  week 
or  month,  and  perhaps  both  ;  for  I  iind  that  the  7  July  falls 
on  'W'ednesday  ;  an  errour  which  might  casilviiave  hapitcned 
in  some  former  edition  of  his  Narrative.  Though  this  scru- 
tiny may  seem  unimportant,  yet,  the  transaction,  it  must  be 
allowed,  merits  jiarticulaT  attention  ;  for  histoiy  without 
chronology  may  be  comjjared  to  the  trackless  desert  over 
which  we  may  wander  in  vain  for  relief.  Most  autlors  since 
Mr.  Hubbard's  time,  pass  lightly  over  this  event,  and  eithei 
think  it  not  worth  fixin";  a  date  to,  or  doubting  the  authority 
of  Mr.  Hubbard.  But  1  am  induced  to  believe,  that  the  day 
of  the  month  is  right,  and  that  the  day  of  the  week  is  wrong. 
If  this  be  the  case,  we  are  able  to  On  the  date  of  the  battle  oi 
the  Peaslield  on  July  3. 

t  Bristol  ferry. 


5.  % 

■I 


38 


PHILIP'S  M'AR. 


I  > 
11 


transported  to  Rhodeisland,  from  whence,  the  next 
night  they  got  passage  over  to  Poca?.set  side  in  Rhode- 
ishmd  boats,  and  concluded  there  to  dispose  them- 
selves in  two  ambuscades  before  day,  hoping  to  sur- 
prise some  of  tlie  enemy  by  their  falling  into  one  or 
other  of  their  ambushments.  JJut  Captain  Fuller's 
party  being  troubled  with  tiie  epideraical  plague  of 
lust  after  tobacco,  must  needs  strike  fire  to  smoke 
it."*  And  thereby  discovered  themselves  to  a  party 
of  the  enemy  coming  up  to  them,  w  ho  immediately 
rted  with  great  precipitation. 

This  ambuscade  drew  off  about  break  of  day,  per- 
ceiving [that]  they  were  discovered,  the  other  con- 
tinued in  their  post  until  the  time  assigned  them, 
and  the  light  and  heat  of  the  sun  rendered  their  sta- 
tion both  insignificant  and  troublesoji.ie,  and  then  re- 
turned unto  the  place  of  rendezvous ;  where  they 
were  acquainted  with  the  other  party's  disappoint- 
ment, and  the  occasion  of  it.  Mr.  Church  calls  for 
th  }  breakfast  he  had  <ndeved  to  be  brought  over  in 
the  boat,  but  the  man  that  liad  the  cliarge  of  it,  con- 
fessed that  he  was  asleep  wlieu  the  boat's  men  call- 
ed him,  and  in  haste  came  away  and  never  thought 
of  it.  It  happened  tliat  Mr.  Cliurch  had  a  few  cakes 
of  rusk  m  his  pocket,  tliat  Madam  Cranston, f  (the 

*  It  is  customary  with  many  to  this  day  in  Rlioiloisland,  to 
use  this  phrase.  If  a  person  tells  another  that  he  smoked  to- 
bacco at  any  particular  time,  he  will  say  that  he  smoked  it, 
or  "  I  have  smokt  it." 

1 1  am  sorry  to  acknowledge  the  want  of  information  of  so 
conspicuous  a  character  as  a  Governour  of  lliiodeishmd,  but 
the  histories  of  Newengland  do  not  tell  us  theie  ever  was 
sucii  a  Governour.  Pro!)ahly  the  town  of  Cranston  perpetu- 
ates liis  name.  Fi'om  Allen,"  liioj;.  196,  it  apjicars  tnat  Mr. 
William  Coddington  was  Governour  this  year,  1675  ;  yr:t 
there  may  be  no  mistake  in  the  text,  though  this  name  has 
been  written  with  variation.  From  Trumbull's  Conn.  I, 
S5G,  I  find  that  ".Toun  Cuanston,  Esq.,  Governour  of 
Hhodeisland,  [in  1679]  held  a  court  in  Narragansel,  in  Sep- 
tember, and  liiailc  attempts  to  introduce  the  authority  and 
otiicers  of  Uhodeisland,  into  that  part  of  Connecticut,  The 
Qreucral  assend)ly  tlioicfore,  in   October,   protested  against 


PHILIP'S  WAR.  39 

Govcrnour's  Lady  of  Rliodeisland)  gave  liim  when  lie 
came  olT  the  island,  which  he  divided  among  the 
company,  wliich  was  all  the  provisions  they.  had. 

Mr.  Church  after  their  slender  breakfast,  ptoposed 
to  Captain  Fuller,  that  he  would  march  in  quest  of 
the  enemy,  with  such  of  the  company  as  would  be 
ivilling  to  march  with  him,  which  he  complied  witli, 
though  w  ith  a  great  deal  of  scruple  ;  because  of  his 
small  numbers,  and  the  extreme  hazard  he  foresaw 
must  attend  them.* 

But  some  of  the  company  reflected  upon  Mr. 
Church,  that  notwithstanding  his  talk  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river,  he  had  not  shown  them  any  In- 
dians since  they  came  over ;  which  now  moved  him 
to  tell  them,  that,  if  it  were  their  desire  to  see  In- 
dians, he  believed  lie  should  now  soon  show  them 
what  they  should  say  was  enough. 

The  number  allowed  himf  soon  drew  oiT  to  iiim, 
.vhich  could  not  be  many ;  because  their  whole  com- 
pany consisted  of  no  more  than  thirty-six. 

They  moved  towards  Sogkonate,  until  they  came 
to  the  brookj  that  runs  into  NunnaquahcjatS,  neck 
where  they  discovered  a  fresh  and  plain  track,  which 

nis  usurpation,  and  declared  his  acts  to  be  utterly  void." 
Thus  the  spirit  of  feeling  between  the  two  colonies  at  this 
period  is  discovered. 

*  Ca])tain  Fuller  had  not  proceeded  far,  before  he  fell  in 
with  a  large  number  of  the  enemy,  but  fortunately  he  was 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  water,  and  more  fortunately,  near  an 
old  house,  in  which  he  sheltered  himself  and  men  until  a 
vessel  discovered  and  conveyed  them  off,  with  no  other  loss, 
tlian  having  two  men  wounded.  He  had  17  men  in  his  com- 
pany. 

t  Nineteen.  Hubbard,  85,  says,  that  Mr.  Church  had 
not  above  15  men. 

I  This  brook  is  that  which  empties  into  the  bay  nearly  a 
mile  southward  from  Howland's  ferry.  The  road  to  Little 
Compton,  here,  follows  the  shore  of  the  bay,  and  crosses  said 
brook  where  it  meets  the  bay. 

§  Now  called  Quaucut,  a  small  strait  near  the  brook  just 
mentioned. 


i   • 


My  i 

I 


■■'m 


40 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


they  concluded  to  be  from  the  groat  pine  swamp 
about  a  mile  from  the  road  that  leads  to  Sogkonate. 
'  Now,"* says  Mr.  Church,  to  his  men,  "if  we  follow 
this  track,  no  doubt  but  we  shall  soon  see  Indians 
enough."  They  expressed  their  willingness  to  fol- 
low the  track,  and  moved  [on]  in  it ;  but  [they]  had 
not  gone  far,  before  one  of  them  narrowly  escaped 
being  bit  with  a  rattlesnake ;  and  the  woods  that 
t!ie  track  led  them  through  was  haunted  much  with 
those  snakes,  which  the  little  company  seemed  more 
to  be  afraid  of,  than  the  black  serpents  they  were  in 
quest  of;  and  therefore  bent  their  course  anothoi 
way  to  a  place  where  they  thought  it  probable  to 
iind  some  of  the  enemy.  Had  they  kept  the  track 
to  the  pine  swamp,  they  had  been  certain  of  meet- 
ing Indians  enough,  but  not  so  certain  that  any  of 
them  should  have  returned  to  give  [an]  account  how 
many. 

Now  they  passed'down  into  Punkatecs*  neck,  and 
in  their  march  discovered  a  large  wigwam  full  of 
Indian  truck,  which  the  soldiers  were  for  loading 
themselves  with,  until  Mr.  Church  forbid  it ;  telling 
them  they  might  expect  soon  to  have  their  hand? 
full  and  business  without  caring  for  plunder.  Then 
crossing  tlie  head  of  the  creek  into  the  neck,  they 
again  discovered  fresh  Indian  tracks ;  [which  had] 
very  lately  passed  before  them  into  the  neck.  They 
then  got  privately  and  undiscovered  unto  the  fence 
of  Captain  Almy'sf  peas  field,  and  divided  into  two 
parties ;    Mr.  Church  keeping  ihe  one  party  with 

•  A  point  oi'land  running  south  nearly  two  miles  betwo-en 
I  ho  bay  iind  Little  Compton,  anil  a  little  more  than  a  mile 
wide.  On  Lockwood's  map  of  Rhodeisland  it  is  called  Pun- 
catest.  It  is  the  southern  extremity  of  Tiverton,  and  has 
been  known  by  the  name  of  Pocasset  neck. 

t  Caj)tiiin  John  Almy,  wlio  livo^l  on  Rhodeisland  ;  the 
•ianie,  I  presume,  mentioned  in  the  beginning  of  this  history. 
The  land  is  now  owned  by  people  of  the  same  name,  and 
Mr.  Sanford  Almy,  an  aged  gentleman,  lives  near  the  spot. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


41 


liirnseir,  sent  the  other  with  Lake,*  who  was  ac- 
(juainted  with  the  ground,  on  the  other  side.  Two 
Indians  were  soon  discovered  coming  out  of  tlie 
peas  field  towards  them,  when  Mr.  Church  and  tliose 
that  were  with  him,  concealed  themselves  from  them 
by  falling  fiat  on  the  ground,  but  the  other  division, 
not  using  the  same  caution,  was  seen  by  the  enemy, 
which  occasioned  them  to  run,  which,  when  Mr. 
Church  perceived,  he  showed  himself  to  them,  and 
called  ;  tolling  them  he  desired  but  to  speak  with 
them,  and  would  not  hurt  them.  But  they  ran  and 
Cinirch  pursued.  The  Indians  climbed  over  a  fence, 
and  one  of  thom  facing  about,  discharged  his  piece, 
but  without  effect,  on  the  English.  One  of  the  Eng- 
lish soldiers  ran  up  to  the  fence  and  fired  upon  him 
that  had  discharged  his  piece,  and  they  concluded 
by  the  yelling  they  heard,  that  the  Indian  was  wound- 
ed. But  the  Indians  soon  got  into  the  thickets, 
whence  they  saw  them  no  more  for  the  present. 

iSIr.  Church  then  marching  over  a  plane  piece  of 
ground  wiiere  the  woods  were  very  thick  on  one 
side,  ordered  his  little  company  to  march  at  a  double 
distance  to  make  as  big  a  show,  (if  they  should  be 
discovered,)  as  might  be.  But  before  they  saw  ;iny 
body  they  were  saluted  with  a  volley  of  fifty  or  six- 
ty guns.  Some  bullets  came  very  surprisingly  near 
Mr.  Church,  who  starting,  looked  behind  him  to  see 
what  was  become  of  his  men,  expecting  to  have 
seen  half  of  them  dead  ;  but  seeing  them  all  upon 
their  legs,  and  briskly  firing  at  the  smi  '  es  of  the 
enemies'  guns ;  (for  that  was  all  that  w;  then  to 
be  seen.)f      He  blessed  God,  and  called  I    his  men 

*  As  the  name  of  Lake  is  not  mentioned  any  where  else  in 
this  history,  I  cannot  determine  who  this  was. 

t  This  was  indeed  very  remarkable,  as  it  appears  tnat 
nothing  prevented  the  Indians  from  taking  deliberate  aim. 
The  trutli  of  the  text  must  not  be  doubted,  but  certainly 
Jove  never  worked  a  greater  miracle  in  favour  of  the  'Irojaud 
at  the  siege  of  Troy,  than  Hesper  now  did  for  our  heroes. 


W. 


m 


42 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


not  to  discharge  all  their  guns  at  once,  lest  the  ene- 
my should  take  the  advantage  of  sucli  an  opportuni- 
ty to  run  upon  them  with  their  hatchets. 

Their  next  motion  was  immediately  into  the  peas 
field.*  When  they  came  to  the  fence,  Mr.  Church 
hid  as  many  as  had  not  discharged  their  guns  to 
clap  under  the  fence  and  lie  close,  while  the  others, 
at  some  distance  in  the  field,  stood  to  charge  ;  hop- 
ing, that  if  the  enemy  should  creep  to  the  fence, 
(to  gain  a  shot  at  those  that  were  charging  their 
guns,)  they  might  be  surprised  by  those  that  lie  un- 
der the  fence.  But  casting  his  eyes  to  the  side  of 
the  hill  above  them,  the  hill  seemed  to  move,  being 
covered  over  with  Indians,  with  their  bright  guns 
glittering  in  the  sun.  and  running  in  a  circumference 
with  a  design  to  surround  them. 

Seeing  such  multitudes  surrounding  him  and  his 
little  company,  it  put  liim  upon  thinking  what  was 
become  of  the  boats  that  were  ordered  to  attend  him, 
and  looking  up,  he  spied  them  ashore  at  Sandy- 
point, f  on  the  island  side  of  the  river,J  with  a  num- 
ber of  horse  and  foot  by  them,  and  wondered  what 
should  be  the  occasion  ;  until  he  was  afterwards  in- 
formed that  the  boats  had  been  over  that  morning 
from  the  island,  and  had  landed  a  party  of  men  at 
Fogland,  that  were  designed  in  Punkatecs  neck  to 
fetch    otf  some    cattle    and   horses,    but  were   am- 

*  (Tiverton  shore  about  half  a  mile  above  Fogland  ferry.) 
Tlie  situation  of  Punkatees  is  given  in  a  preceding  note. 
It  contains  nearly  two  square  miles,  and  it  is  sufficient  to 
know  that  it  contained  the  ground  en  which  this  battle  was 
fought. 

t  Tliere  are  two  Sandy  points  on  the  Rhodoisland  shore, 
one  above  and  the  other  below  Fogland  ferry;  this  was  that 
above.  Fogland  ferry  connects  the  island  vvitli  Punkatecs 
and  is  near  the  middle  of  it. 

X  The  bay  is  meant.  It  being  narrow,  or  from  three 
fourths  to  a  mile  wide,  is  sometimes  called  a  river,  and  in  the 
old  charters,  Narraganset  river.     See  Douglass,  I,  398. 


m 


PHILIP'S   WAR. 


43 


buscaded,  and  many  of  tlieni  wounded    by  the  ene- 
my.* 

Now  our  gentleman's  courage  and  conduct  were 
both  put  to  the  test.  lie  encouraged  his  men,  and 
orders  some  to  run  and  take  a  wall  for  shelter  be- 
fore the  enemy  gained  it.  It  was  time  for  them  now 
to  think  of  escaping  if  they  knew  which  way.  Mr. 
Church  orders  his  men  to  strip  to  their  white  shirts, 
that  the  islanders  might  discover  them  to  be  Eng- 
Hsiimcn,  and  then  orders  three  guns  to  be  fired  dis- 
tuictly,  hoping  [that]  it  might  be  observed  by  their 
friends  on  the  opposite  shore.  The  men  that  were 
ordered  to  take  the  wall  being  very  hungry,  stop- 
ped a  while  among  the  peas  to  gather  a  few,  be- 
ing about  four  rods  from  the  wall.  The  enemy  from 
behind,  hailed  them  with  a  shower  of  bullets.  But 
soon  all  but  one  came  tumbling  over  an  old  hedge, 
down  the  bank,  vvlicrc  Mr.  Church  and  the  rest  were, 
and  told  him,  that  his  brother,  B.  Southvvorth,f  who 
was  the  man  that  was  missing,  was  killed;  that  they 
saw  him  liill.  And  so  they  did  indeed  see  him  fall, 
but  it  was  without  a  shot,  and  lay  no  longer  than  till 
he  had  an   o])portunity  to  clap  a  bullet  into  one  ot 

the  enemies'  foreheads,  and   then  came  runninjj  to 

I  • 

Ins  company. 

The  meanness  of  the  English  powder  was  now 
their  gucatest  misfortune.  When  they  were  imme- 
diately upon  this  beset  with  multitudes  of  Indians, 
who  possessed  themselves  of  every  rock,  stump,  tree 
or  fence,  that  was  in  sight,  firing  upon  them  without 

*  It  is  mentioned  in  a  later  part  of  this  history,  that  Mr. 
Church's  sei  »aii(  was  woundeil  at  Pocasset,  while  there  after 
catlle.  This  IS  the  time  alluded  to.  Hubbard,  86,  says  that 
"  live  men  coming  from  llhodeisland,  to  look  up  their  cattle 
upon  Pocasset  neck,  were  assaulted  by  the  same  Indians  ; 
ann  of  the  live  'vas  Captain  Church's  servant,  who  had  his 
['•fr  liroken  in  tae  sUiiniisli,  l!ie  rest  hardly  escaping  with 
tiieir  liv.es  ;"  ami,  that  "  tliis  was  the  first  time  that  ever  any 
niisch'i'f  Av;\s  done  by  llie  Indians  upon  Pocasset  neck.' 
Tills  was  on  Iho  ^aine  flay  oftiie  bailie  of  Punkalees. 

1  BrothtT  in  law  to  Mr.  Church 


.Mu 


i^-!. 


r 


44 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


censing , 


while  they  had  no  other  shelter  but  c  small 
bank,  and  bit  of  a  water  fence.*  And  yet,  to  add  to 
the  disadvantage  of  this  little  handful  of  distressed 
men,  the  Indians  also  possessed  themselves  of  the 
ruins  of  a  stone  house,  that  overlooked  them.  So  that, 
now,  they  had  no  way  to  prevent  lying  quite  open  to 
some  or  other  of  the  enemy,  but  to  heap  up  stones 
before  them,  as  they  did  ;  and  still  bravely  and  won- 
derfully defended  themselves  against  all  the  num- 
bers of  the  enemy. 

At  length  came  over  one  of  the  boats  from  the  isl- 
and shore,  but  the  enemy  plied  their  shot  so  warmly 
to  her,  as  made  her  keep  at  some  distance.  Mr. 
Church  desired  them  to  send  their  canoe  ashore,  to 
fetch  them  on  board  ;  but  no  persuasions  nor  argu- 
ments could  prevail  with  them  to  bring  their  canoe 
to  shore  ;  which  some  of  Mr.  Church's  men  per- 
ceiving, began  to  cry  out,  for  God's  sake  to  take 
them  off,  for  their  ammunition  was  spent !  &c.  Mr. 
Church  being  sensible  of  the  danger  of  the  enemy's 
hearing  their  complaints,  and  being  made  accjuaint- 
ed  with  the  weakness  and  scantiness  of  their  ammuni- 
tion, fiercely  called  to  the  boat's  master,  and  bid 
him  either  send  his  canoe  ashore,  or  else  be  gone 
presently,  or  he  would  fire  upon  him. 

Away  goes  the  boat,  and  leaves  them  still  to  shift 
for  themselves.  But  then  another  difficulty  arose; 
tl:e  enemy,  seeing  the  boat  leave  them,  were  reani- 
mated, anu  ^'•«d  thicker  and  faster  than  ever.  Up- 
on which,  some  of  the  men,  that  were  lightest  of  foot, 
began  to  talk  of  attempting  an  escape  by  fligiit,  un- 
til Mr.  Cliurch  solidly  convinced  them  of  the  im- 
practieableness  of  it,  and  encouraged  them  yet.  [He] 
told  them,  that  he  had  observed  so  much  of  the  re- 
markable, and  wonderful  providence  of  God,  [in] 

♦  This  indeed  will  compare  with  Lovewell's  Fight.  That 
hero,  to  prevent  being  quite  encompassed,  retreated  to  the 
Fhore  of  a  pond  The  particulars  of  which  will  be  found  in 
the  continuation  of  this  nistory.     See  Appendix,  XI. 


^ 


/JV7 


/A7>MJV  PREPJlRIJ^a   TO  FIRE   FRUjtl  BEHIjVD  A    TREE.       P.  44. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


45 


hillicrto  prescrviijfj  tlicm,  that  it  encouraged  Ii'ini  to 
believe,  witli  much  confidence,  that  God  would  yet 
preserve  them  ;  that  not  a  hair  of  their  heads  should 
i'all  to  the  ground  ;  bid  them  be  patient,  courageous, 
and  prudently  sparing  of  their  ammunition,  and  he 
made  no  doubt  but  tlvey  should  come  well  off  yet, 
&c.  [Thus]  until  his  littie  army  again  resolved, 
one  and  all,  to  stay  with,  and  stick  by  him.  One  of 
them,  by  Mr.  Church's  order,  was  pitching  a  flat 
stone  up  on  end  before  him  in  the  sand,  when  a  bul- 
let from  the  enemy  with  a  full  force,  struck  the 
stone  while  he  was  pitching  it  on  end,  which  put 
the  poor  follow  to  a  miserable  start,  till  Mr.  Church 
called  upon  him  to  observe  how  God  directed  the 
bullets,  that  tiie  enemy  could  not  hit  him  when  in 
the  same  place,  [and]  yet  could  hit  the  stone  as  it 
was  erected. 

While  they  were  thus  making  the  best  defence 
they  could  against  their  numerous  enemies,  that 
made  the  woods  ring  with  their  constant  yelling  and 
shouting.  And  night  coming  on,  somebody  told 
Mr.  Church,  [that]  they  spied  a  sloop  up  the  river 
as  l:.r  as  Goldi»land,*  that  seemed  to  be  coming 
down  towards  them.  He  looked  up  and  told  them, 
that,  succour  was  now  coming,  for  he  believed  it  was 
Captain  Golding,f  whom  he  knew  to  be  a  man  for 
business,  and  would  certainly  fetch  them  off  if  he 
came.  The  wind  being  fair,  the  vessel  was  soon 
with  them,  and  Captain  Golding  it  was.  Mr.  Church 
(as  soon  as  they  came  to  speak  with  one  another) 
desired  him  to  come  to  anchor  at  such  a  distance 
from  the  shore,  that  he  might  veer  out  his  cable,  and 
ride   afloat ;  and   let  slip  his  canoe,   that  it  might 

*  A  very  small  led{!;v  island  a  little  to  tiie  soutli  of  the  stone 
bridge,  rioar  the  middle  of  the  stream,  and  about  4  or  5  miles 
from  where  they  were. 

1 1  find  nothing;  relating  to  this  gentleman  excepting  what 
IS  found  in  this  history.  We  may  infer  that  he  was  a  man  ol 
wortli  and  confidence,  by  Mr.  Church's  entrusting  him  with 
an  important  post  at  the  fight  when  Philip  was  killed. 


»    } 


40 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


It.  J 


drive  a  shore ;  wliicli  directions  Captain  Golding 
obscrvud.  But  the  enemy  gave  him  «uch  a  warm 
salute,  tiiat  his  sails,  colours  and  stern  were  full  of 
bullet  holes. 

The  canoe  came  ashore,  but  was  so  small  that 
sIkj  would  not  bear  above  two  men  at  a  time  ;  and 
when  two  were  got  uboanl  they  turned  her  loose  t(» 
drive  a  shore  for  two  more.  And  the  sloop's  compa- 
ny kept  the  Indians  in  i)lay  the  while.  IJut  when  at 
last  it  cnmo  to  Mr.  Church's  turn  to  go  aboard,  ho 
had  left  his  hat  and  cutlass  at  the  well,  where  he 
went  to  drink  when  ho  first  came  down ;  he  told  his 
company,  [that]  he  would  never  go  olf  and  leave 
his  luit  and  cutlass  for  the  Indians,  [that]  they  should 
never  have  that  to  reflect  upon  him.  Though  he 
was  much  dissuailed  from  it,  yet  he  would  go  and 
fetch  them.  lie  put  all  the  powder  he  had  left  into 
his  gun,  (and  a  poor  charge  it  was)  and  went  pre- 
senting his  gun  at  the  enemy,  untd  he  took  up  what 
he  went  for.  At  his  return  he  discharged  his  gun 
at  the  enemy,  to  bid  thein  farewell  for  that  time ; 
but  had  nov  powder  enough  to  carry  the  bullet  half 
way  to  them.  Two  bullets  from  tjie  cneniy  struck 
the  canoe  as  he  went  on  board,  one  grazed  the  hair 
of  his  head  a  little  before,  another  stuck  in  a  small 
stake  that  stood  right  against  the  middle  of  his 
breast.* 

Now  this  gentleman  with  his  army,  making  in  all 
twenty  men,  himself  and  iis  pilot  being  numbered 
with  them,  got  all  safe  on  board,  after  six  Iiours  en- 
gagement with  three  hundred  Indians;  [of]  whose 
numbers  we  were  told  atlcrvvards  by  some  of  them- 

*  The  loliy  and  plpf:;ant  linos  of  Barlow,  on  the  conduct  of 
Gen.  Putnam  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's  hill,  will  admirably 
B'^ply  to  our  hero. 

"  There  ptrii!''sbnl(l  Putnam,  and  from  al'  the  plains 
("ills  the  tirod  troops,  the  tanly  roar  sustains, 
And  mid  the  whiz/.iiiff  balls  tint  skim  the  Inwo 
Waves  back  his  sword,  dcfic!)  tlie  followin?  fi)e." 

Culumbiad,  B.  V.  562,  hc 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


47 


selves.*  A  (lolivoraiicu  which  tlmt  good  gentleman 
often  nif-ntions  to  tlie  glory  of  God,  iind  his  protect- 
ing providence. 

Tlie  next  diiy,t  meeting  with  tiie  rest  of  his  little 
cciinpany,!  wl'om  lie  hud  left  at  I'ocasset,  (that  had 
also  a  small  skirmish  with  the  Indians  and  had  two 
men  wounded)  they  returned  to  the  Mountliope  gar- 
rison, which  Mr.  Church  used  to  call  the  losing 
fort. 

Mr.  Church  then  returned  to  the  island,  to  seek 
provision  for  the  army.  [There  he]  meets  with  Al- 
derni;ui,S  a  noted  Indian,  that  was  just  come  over 
from  the  scpiaw  Sachem's  capo  of  Pocass(;t,  having 
deserted  from  her,  and  brought  over  his  family,  who 
pave  him  an  account  of  the  state  of  the  Indians, 
and  wiiere  each  of  the  Sagamore's  head<|uarters 
was,  Mr.  Church  then  discoursed  with  some,  who 
knew  the  fi\wt  well,  where  the  Indians  said  Weeta- 
more's||  headquarters  were,  and  olfered  their  service 
to  pilot  him  [to  it.] 

With  this  news  ho  hastened  to  the  Mountliope 
garrison,  [and]  the  army  expressed  their  readiness  to 
enjhraco  such  an  opportunity. 

All  the  ablest  soldiers  were  now  immediately  drawn 
ofl',  e<|uipped  and  despatched  upon  this  design,  un- 
der the  command  of  a  certain  ollicer.lf  And  having 
marchcfl  about  two  miles,  viz.,  until  they  came  to 


•  lluhbanl  H.'i,  sn-  ihat  tiiere  were  seven  or  eight  scores. 
JVTatlier,  fnllowin  ,  liiin,  says  there  were  "  an  hundred  and 
ahna^t  live  lin>>^-,  lil'teen  terrible  Indians."  Magnalia,  H, 
488. 

t  July  1». 

t  On  Rlivi;le\s1and.  Mr,  Church  and  his  company  were 
transporte  ,  tliere,  as  were  Capt.  Fuller  and  his  company  bo- 
fore.     See  note  1  on  i>i\%o  39. 

§  The  Indian  that  killed  Philip. 

I!  (S(]uaw  Sachem  of  Pocassct.) 

An  account  of  this  "old  Q.ueen"  has  'leen  given.  See 
note  "2  on  page  it. 

IT  I  have  not  Irarned  this  olTicer's  name,  hut  it  was  Capt 
Henchman's  Lieutenant. 


ai 


ill 

Bi    .; 


48 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


the  cove  mat  lies  soutliwest  from  the  Mount  where 
orders  were  given  for  a  halt.  The  commander  in 
chief  told  them  [that]  he  thought  it  proper  to  take 
advice  before  he  went  any  further ;  called  Mr. 
Church  and  the  pilot  and  asked  them  how  they  knew 
that  Philip  and  all  his  men  were  not  by  that  time  got 
to  Weetamore's  camp;  or  that  all  her  own  men 
were  not  by  that  time  returned  to  her  again,  with 
many  more  frightful  questions.  Mr.  Church  told 
him  [that]  they  had  acquainted  him  with  as  much  as 
they  knew,  and  that  fo  ■  nis  part  he  could  discover 
nothing  that  need  to  discoura<Te  them  from  proceed- 
ing; that  he  thought  it  so  practicable,  that  he  with 
the  pilot,  would  willingly  leiid  the  way  to  the  spot, 
and  hazard  tlie  brunt.  But  the  chief  commander  in- 
sisted on  this,  that  the  enemy's  numbers  were  so 
great,  and  he  did  not  know  what  numbers  more 
miglit  be  added  unto  them  by  that  time ;  and  his 
company  so  small,  that  he  could  not  think  it  practi- 
cable to  attack  them ;  adding  moreover,  that  if  he 
were  sure  of  killing  all  the  enemy  and  knew  that  he 
must  lose  the  lift;  of  one  of  his  men  in  the  action, 
ho  would  not  attempt  it.  "  Pray  sir,  then,"  replied 
Mr.  Cimrch,  [ — ]^  "  lead  your  company  to  yonder 
windmill  on  Ilhodeisland,  and  there  they  will  be  out 
of  danger  of  being  killed  by  the  enemy,  and  we 
shall  have  less  trouble  to  supply  them  with  provi- 
sions."* But  return  he  would  and  did  unto  the  gar- 
rison until  more  strength  came  to  them,  and  a  sloop 
to  transport  them  it  Fallriver,f  in  order  to  visit 
Woclamore's  camp. 

1  [I'lease  to.] 

*The  action  related  in  the  next  paragraph  was  not  until 
they  returned  ;  though  it  might  be  understood  that  Church 
went  "  out  on  a  discovery"  before. 

t  (South  part  of  Freetcwn.) 

It  IS  in  the  town  of  Troj,  which  was  taker  ^m  Freetown. 
Fallriver  is  a  local  name,  derived  from  a  stream  that  empties 
into  the  bay  about  a  mile  above  Tiverton  line.  Probably  no 
place  in  the  United  States  contains  so  man j' factories  id 
60  small  a  com]-ass  as  this 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


49 


Ml.  Church,  one  Baxter,  and  Captain  Hunter,  an 
Indian,  proffered  to  go  out  on  the  discovery  on  the 
lel't  wing,  which  was  accepted.  They  had  not 
marched  above  a  quarter  of  a  mile  before  they  start- 
ed three  of  the  enemy.  Captain  Hunter  wounded 
one  of  them  in  the  knee,  who  when  he  came  up  [to 
him]  he  discovered  to  be  his  near  kinsman.  The 
captive  desired  favour  for  his  squaw,  if  she  should 
fall  into  their  hands,  but  asked  none  for  himself;  ex- 
cepting the  liberty  of  taking  a  whiff  of  tobacco; 
and  while  he  was  taking  his  whiff  his  kinsman,  with 
one  blow  of  his  hatchet,  despatched  him. 

Proceeding  to  Weetamore's  camp  they  were  dis- 
covered by  one  of  the  enemy,  who  ran  in  and  gave 
information.  Upon  which  a  lusty  young  fellow  left 
liis  meat  upon  his  spit,*  running  hastily  out,  told  his 
companions  [that]  he  W(3uld  kill  an  Englishman  be- 
fore he  ate  his  dinner;  but  failed  of  his  design;  being 
no  sooner  out  than  shot  down.  The  enemies'  fires, 
and  what  shelter  they  had,  were  by  the  edge  of  a 
thick  cedar  swamp,  into  which  on  this  alarm  thqy 
betook  themselves,  and  the  English  as  nimbly  pursu- 
ed ;  but  were  soon  commanded  back  by  their  chief- 
tain, [but  not  until]^  they  were  come  within  [the] 
hearing  of  the  cries  of  their  women  and  children; 
and  so  ended  that  exploit.  But  returning  to  their 
sloop  the  enemy  pursued  them,  and  wounded  two  of 
their  men.  The  next  day  they  returned  to  th* 
Mounthope  garrison. f 

»  [after] 


f 


*  (Probably  a  wooden  spit.) 

fTIiese  operntions  took  up  about  -four  or  five  days,  henco 
we  have  arrived  to  the  13  or  14  July.  In  the  course  of  which 
lime,  fourteen  or  fifteen  of  the  "enemy  were  killed.  See 
Hubbard,  87.  Holmes,  I,  422.  These  individn:il  efforts 
were  of  far  more  consequence  than  the  nianoiuvres  of  the 
main  army  during  the  same  time;  yet  llutciiinson,  II.  Adams, 
and  some  others  sinew  thought  "them  not  worth  mention- 
ing. 


fm% 


&0 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Soon  after  this  was  Philip's  headquarteis  visited* 
by  some  other  English  forces,  but  riiilip,  and  his  gang 
had  the  very  fortune  to  escape,  that  Weetamore  anil 
hers  (but  now  mentioned)  had.  They  took  into  a 
swamp,  and  their  pursuers  were  commanded  back. 

After  this  Dartmouth'sf  distresses  required  succour, 
[a]  great  part  of  the  town  being  laid  desolate,  and 
many  of  the  inhabitants  killed.     The   most  of   Ply- 

*A  particular  aecoii?iJt  of  this  affair  from  our  autlior,  would 
have  been  gratifying.  But  most  other  liistoriaiis  before  and  since 
him,  have  been  elaborate  upon  it. 

In  consequence  ot  tlie  intelligence  gained  by  Mr.  Church,  tiio 
army,  after  linishing  the  treaty  witii  the  Narragansots,  befoi'e 
named,  moved  to  Taunton,  where  tiiey  arrived  the  17  .Tnly,  in 
the  evening;  and  on  tlio  18,  marched  to  attack  Philip,  who  was 
now  in  a  great  swamp,  adjacent  to,  and  on  the  east  side  of 
Taunton  river.  The  army  did  ijot  arrive  until  late  in  tlie  da\', 
but  soon  entered  resolutely  into  tiio  swamp.  Tiie  underwood 
was  thick,  and  tiie  foe  could  not  be  seen.  The  first  tliat 
entered  were  shot  down,  but  tlie  rest  rushing  on,  soon  fori'ed 
them  from  tlieir  hiding  places,  and  took  possession  of  tiieir 
wigwams,  about  100  in  number.  Night  coming  on,  eacii 
was  in  danger  from  his  fellow;  firing  at  every  bnsli  that 
seemed  to  shake.  A  retreat  was  now  ordered.  Conclud- 
ing that  Philip  was  safely  hemmed  in,  the  Massacimsetts  forces 
marched  to  Uoston,  and  the  Connecticut  trooiw,  being  the 
greatest  sufferers,  returned  home;  leaving  those  of  Plymouth  to 
starve  out  tlie  enemy.  Trumbull's  Connecticut,  I,  33J.  Jbid. 
U.  S.  I,  140.  This  movement  of  the  army  has  been  very  much 
censured.  Had  they  pressed  upon  the  enemy  the  next  day,  it  is 
thouglit  tiicy  would  have  been  easily  subdncd.  Hut  Philip  and 
his  warri/)urs,  on  the  1  August,  before  day,  passed  the  river  on 
rafts,  and  in  great  triuinpli,  marclicd  olf  into  the  coiintiy 
of  the  Nipmucks.  About  10  of  tlie  English  were  killed. 
Ibid.  Mather,  II,  488,  says  that  Philip  left  a  hundred  of  his 
people  behind  who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  English.  It  is 
said  that  Philip  had  a  brother  killed  iTi  this  light,  who  was  a 
chief  Ca])taiii,  and  had  been  educated  ut  Harvard  CoUeae. 
Hutch.  1,  2G5. 

fThat  ]iart  of  Dartmouth  whieli  was  destroyed  is  about  5 
miles  S.  W.  from  Newbedford,  and  known  by  the  name  of 
Aponaganset.  The  early  histories  give  us  no  particulars  about 
the  atl'air,  and  few  mention  it  at  all,  3Iany  of  the  inhabitants 
moved  to  KlLodeisland,  .Middleborough,  tiieii  called  Neniasket, 
about  this  time  was  mostly  burned;  probably,  while  the  treaty 
was  concluding  with  the  Narraganscts. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


51 


coming  to 


mouth  forces  were  ordered  thither.  A.vl 
llussell's  jrarrison*  at  Ponaganset.f  they  met  with  a 
number  oi'  the  enemy,  that  had  surrendered  them- 
selves prisoners  on  terms  promised  by  Captain  Eels 
of  the  garrison,  and  Ralph  Earl, J  who  persuadeu 
them  (by  a  friend  Indian  he  had  employed)  to  come 
in.  And  had  their  promise  to  the  Indians  been  kept, 
and    the    Indians    fairly  treated,  it  is  probable  that, 

*  The  cellars  of  this  old  garrison  are  still  to  be  seen.  They 
aro  oil  the  north  bank  of  Aponagansct  about  a  mile  from 
its  iiioutli.  I  was  informed  by  an  inhabitant  on  the  spot,  tliat 
considerable  manoeuvring  went  on  here  in  those  days.  Tiie 
Indians  had  a  fort  on  the  opposite  aide  of  tlie  river,  and  used 
to  show  themselves,  and  iict  all  manner  of  mockery,  to  aggra- 
vate the  English;  they  being  at  more  than  a  common  ^nmshot  oil'. 
At  one  time  one  made  his  appearance,  and  tuimd  liis  backside  in 
defiance,  as  usual;  but  some  one  liavingan  uncommonly  long  gun 
fired  upon  him  and  put  an  end  to  his  mimickry. 

A  similar  story  is  told  by  tlie  jieople  of  Jliddleborougli, 
which  took  ])hice  a  little  north  of  the  town  house,  across  tlie 
Nemasket.  The  distance  of  the  former  does  not  render  the 
story  so  improbable  as  tiiat  of  the  latter,  but  circumstances  are 
•■  y.  authentick.  The  gun  is  still  shown  wliieii  jierformed 
stonisiiing  feat.  Tiio  distance,  some  say  is  nearly  lialf  a 
;  ■:  ;■  svhicii  is  considerable  ground  of  improbability.  That  a 
circumstance  of  tiiis  kind  occurred  at  both  these  places,  too,  is  a 
doubt.  But  it  is  true  that  a  light  did  take  place  across  tiie 
river  at  Middleborough.  The  Indians  came  to  tiie  river  and 
burned  a  grist  mill  which  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the 
lower  factory,  and  soon  after  drew  off.  Tiie  alVair  has  been 
acted  over  by  the  iniiabitunts  as  a  celebration  not  many  years 
since. 

t  (In  Dartmouth.) 

The  word  is  generally  pronounced  as  it  is  spelled  in  the  text, 
but  is  always,  especiaJly  of  late,  written  Aponaganset.  51.'. 
Douglass,  it  appears  learned  this  name  Polyganset,  when  he  took 
a  survey  of  the  country.     See  his  Sunimary,  1,  403, 

1 1  can  find  no  mention  of  these  two  gentlemen  in  any  of  the 
histories.  But  their  names  are  sutHciently  immortalized  by  their 
conduct  in  opposing  the  diabolical  acts  of  government  for  selling 
prisoners  as  slaves.  It  is  possible  that  they  might  decline  serving 
any  moio  hi  the  war,  after  being  so  much  abused;  and  hence 
were  not  noticed  by  the  historians,  who  also  pass  over  this  black 
page  of  our  history  as  lightly  as  possible. 


.-=ri 


2  PHILIP'S  WAR. 

most,  ]'i  noi  all,  the  Indians  in  those  parts  Iia/I  soon 
Ibllowi'd  the  example  ot"  those,  wlio  had  now  surren- 
dered tiieniseive^  which  would  have  been  a  good 
step  towards  finishino;  the  war.  But  in  spite  of  all 
that  (".'.ptain  Eels,  Church  or  Earl  could  say,  argue, 
l»lead  •  beg,  somebody  else  that  had  more  power  in 
their  hands,  improved  it.  And  without  any  regard 
to  the  promises  made  them  on  their  surrendering  them- 
selves, they  were  (;arried  away  to  Plymouth,  there  sold, 
and  transported  ovit  of  the  country,  being  about  eight 
score  persons.*  An  action  so  hateful  to  ]\Ir.  Church, 
that  he  opposed  it,  to  the  loss  of  the  good  will  and 
respects  of  some  that  before  were  his  good  friends. 

But  while  these  things  were  acting  at  Dartmouth, 
Philip  made  his  esaape;t  leaving  his  country,  fled 
over  Taunton  river,  and  Rehoboth  plain,  and  Patux- 
etj  river,  where  Captam  Edmunds§  of  Providence, 
made  some  spoil  upon  him,  and  had  probably  done 
more,  but  was  prevented  by  the  coming  of  a  superi- 
our  officer,  that  put  him  by.|| 

*With  rf'gret  it  is  mentioned  that  the  venerable  John  Win- 
throp  was  Governour  of  Connecticut,  (Connecticut  and  Ne'vhaven 
now  forniinfr  Ij^ut  one  colony)  the  Hon,  John  Levcrett  of 
Massachusetts,  and  the  Hon,  Josiah  VVlnslow  of  Plymouth. 
Khodcisland,  because  they  chose  freedom  rather  than  slaverj/, 
had  not  been'  admitted  into  tlie  Union.  From  this  history  it 
^vould  seem  that  one  Cranston  was  Governour  of  Rhode- 
ish'^ul  at  tills  time;  .ut  that  colony  appears  not  to  be  implicated 
in  iliis  as  well  as  many  other  acts  of  raaleadministration.  See 
note  2  on  page  38. 

t  An  account  of  which  is  given  in  note  1,  page  60. 

I  Douglass  wrote  this  word  Patuket,  as  it  is  now  pronounced. 
Summary,  1, 400.  It  is  now  often  written  Patuxet.  It  is  Black- 
stone  river,  or  was  S'O  called  formerly. 

51  find  no  other  account  of  this  officer  in  the  Indian  wani, 
only  \\liat  is  hinted  at  in  tins  history ;  from  which  it  appears 
that  he  was  more  than  once  employed,  and  was  in  the   east 
em  war. 

IIHubbartl,  91,  says  that  Philip  had  about  thirty  of  his 
party  killed ;  but  he  takes  no  notice  of  Capt.  ' '  Imunds'  being 
(JiU    by.      He   said   that   Capt.   Henchman    ca^        up  to   them, 


m 

•Mil 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


53 


And  now  another  fort  was  built  at  Pocassr  ,*  that 
proved  as  troublesome  and  chargeable  as  that  at 
Mounthope;  and  the  remainder  of  the  suintuer  was 
improved  in  providing  for  the  forts  and  forces  there 
maintained;  while  our  enemies  were  fled  some  hun- 
dreds of  miles  into  the  country  near  as  far  as  Alba- 
ny.f 

but  not  till  the  skirmish  was  over.  "But  why  Piiilip  w.im 
followed  no  further,"  he  says,  is  better  to  suspend  tiian  too  criti- 
cally to  inquire  into."  Hence  wo  may  cont'lude  that  the  pursuit 
was  countermanded  by  Capt.  Henchman,  who  wlien  too  late 
followed  after  the  enemy  without  any  success. 

*The  fort  here  meant  was  built  to  prevent  Philiii's  .scape 
from  the  swamp  before  mentioned.  See  note  1,  on  pi<,fe  50. 
Mr.  Church  appears  early  to  liave  seen  tlie  folly  of  fort  huildiii^' 
under  such  circumstiuiccs.  While  that  at  ^lounthope  was 
building,  he  had  seen  PInlip  gaining  time;  and  wiiilc  this  was 
building  to  confine  iiim  to  a  sw;;uij),  he  was  niaiching  olf  in 
triumpii. 

fllere  appears  a  Inrge  chasm  in  o>ir  liistory  iiicliuling  ab(»nt 
four  montiis,  namely,  from  the  eiicape  of  Piiilip  on  the  1  August, 
to  Dtcember;  during  which  time  m;my  circumstances  tr.mspind 
worthy  of  notice,  and  necessary  to  render  this  history  more 
perfect.  Mr.  Church  appears  to  have  cjuitted  the  w;ir.  and  is, 
perhaps,  with  his  family. 

Philip  having  taken  up  his  residence  among  the  Nipmucks  or 
Nipnels,  did  not  fail  to  engage  them  in  liis  cause. 

On  the  14  July  a  parly  killed  4  or  6  people  at  Mendon  a  town 
37  miles  southwest  of  Boston. 

August  2,  Capt.  Hutchinson  with  20  horsemen  went  to  re- 
new the  treaty  with  those  Indians  at  a  place  ajipointed,  near 
Quabaog,  (now  Brookfield)  a  town  about  60  miles  nearly 
west  from  Boston;  but  on  arriving  at  the  place  appointed, 
the  Indians  did  not  appear.  So  iie  proceeded  4  or  5  miles 
beyond,  towards  their  chief  town,  when  all  at  once,  some  hun- 
dreds of  them  fired  upon  the  ci^mpany.  Eight  were  shot 
down,  and  eight  others  were  wounded.  Among  the  latter  was 
Capt.  Hutcliinson  who  died  soon  after.  The  remainder  escaped 
to  Quabaog,  and  the  Indians  pursued  them.  But  tK'  Eng- 
lish arrived  in  time  to  warn  the  iniiabitants  of  the  danger, 
who  with  themselves  crowded  into  oiiO  house.  Tiie  other 
liouses  (about  20)  were  immediately  burned  down.  They 
next  bef'eged  the  house  containing  the  inhabitants  (about  70) 
and  tlio  soldiers.     This  they  exerted  themselves  to   lire  also, 


iM 


ferr : 


54 


I'illLli'S  Vv'All. 


And  now  strong  sus])icioiis  beLtan  to  arise  of  the 
Narra^anset*  Indians,  liiat  tliev  were  ill  ailected  and 


with  various  siu-ct'ss  for  two  d.-ivs,  iiml  on  tlir  lliin!  tliey 
nearly  elli.'ftL'd  their  object  by  a  strat:.;reiii.  'i'lii  V  tilled  .1 
cart  with  combiistililos  and  set  it  on  lire,  and  liy  mi'ans  of 
si)liein«r  poles  toj^ether  had  nearly  LnmLrht  the  lianies  in  con- 
tact with  the  house,  when  Major  Wil'.ard  arrived  with  48 
dragoons  nnd  dispersed  them,  fcsee  American  Ann.  I,  423, 
424. 

The  Indiana  about  Iladley,  who  had  liithcrto  kept  np  the 
show  of  friendship,  now  deserted  tlic'ir  dweliiniis  and  drew  off 
after  Philip.  Toward  the  last  of  August,  Capt.  Beers  and 
Capt.  Lothrop  pursued  and  overtook  them,  and  a,  fierce  battle 
was  fought,  in  ^Vhlch  10  of  the  English  and  26  Indians  were 
killed. 

September  1,  they  burned  Deerfield  and  killed  one  of  the 
ini.abitants.  Tlie  same  day  (being  a  fast)  they  fell  upon  Ilad- 
ley while  the  people  were  at  meeting,  ar  whicl;  they  were  over- 
come with  confusion.  At  this  crisis,  a  venonible  gentleman 
in  singular  attire  appeared  among  them,  and  jiutting  himself 
at,  their  head,  rushed  ui)on  the  Inili.in.s  and  dispersed  them, 
then  disappeared.  The  inhabitants  tiiought  an  angel  had  ap- 
peared, and  led  them  to  victory.  But  it  was  General  Goll'e, 
one  of  the  Judg.ts  of  King  (/liarles  I,  who  was  secreted  in 
the  town.  See  I'r  isident  Stiles'  history  of  the  Judges,  109,  and 
Holmes,  I,  424. 

About  11  September  Capt.  Beers  with  36  men  went  up  the 
river  to  observe  how  things  stood  at  a  new  plantation  called 
S(iuakeag,  now  Northfieltl.  The  Indians  a  few  days  before 
(but  unknown  to  them)  had  fallen  upci  the  place  and  killed  9 
or  10  persons,  and  now  laid  in  ambush  for  tho  English,  whom 
it  appears  they  expected.  They  had  to  march  nearly  30  miles 
through  a  hideous  forest.  On  r.rriving  witiiin  three  miles 
of  the  place,  they  were  tired  upon  by  a  host  of  ei^emics,  and  ii 
large  proportion  of  their  number  full.  The  others  gained  an 
eirinence  and  fought  bravely  till  their  Captain  was  slain,  when 
they  fled  in  every  direction.  Sixteen  only  escaped.  Hubbard, 
107. 

On  the  18th  following,  as  Capt.  Lothrop  with  80  men  was 
guarding    some    carts    from    Ueerfield    to   Iladley,  they  were 

fallen 

*  It  was  believed  that  the  Indians  gr  erally  returned  from  the 
western  frontier  along  the  Connecticut,  and  took  uj)  their  winter 
quarters  among  the  Narragansets;  but  whether  Philip  did  is 
uncertain.  Some  suppose  that  he  visited  the  Mohawks  and 
Canada  Indians  for  assistance. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


55 


designed  mischief.  And  so  the  event  soon  discov- 
ered. The  next  winter  they  began  their  hostilities 
upon  the  English.  The  united  colonies  then  agreed 
to  send  an  ai'my  to  suppress  thpm:  Governour  Wins- 
low  to  command  the  army.*  • 

He  undertaking  the  expedition,  invited  Mr.  Church 
to  command   a  company,   [ — Y  which  he  declined; 
'  [in  tho  CXI  adition] 

fallen  upon,  and,  including  teamsters,  90  were  slain;  7  or  8  oi''y 
escaped.    Ibid.  108. 

October  5,  the  Springfield  Indian?  having  Leon  joined  ]>y  ahont 
300  of  Philip's  men  began  the  destruction  of  Springfield.  But 
tho  attack  being  expected.  Major  Treat  was  sent  for,  who  was 
t'.ien  at  Westfield,  and  arrived  in  time  to  save  nnicli  of  tiie 
town  from  the  flames,  but,  32  houses  were  consumed.  Ho'nie.s, 
1,425. 

October  19,  Hatfield  was  assaulted  on  all  sides  by  7  or  80'J 
Indians,  but  there  being  a  considerable  number  of  men  well  ])re- 
pared  to  receive  them,  obliged  them  to  flee  without  dning  nuich 
damage.  A  few  out  buildings  were  burned,  and  some  of  tlie 
defenders  killed,  but  wo  have  no  account  how  in;niy.  Holmes,  1. 
425,  says  this  a'i'air  took  place  at  Iladley;  but  llubbard  wiioni 
he  cites,  116,  says  it  was  at  Hatfield.  The  phiccs  iue  only  sepa- 
rated by  a  bridge  over  the  Connecticut,  and  were  formerly  inckuleil 
under  tlie  same  name. 

Mr.  Iloyt  in  his  Antiquarian  Researches,  130,  tliinlis  that 
it  was  in  this  attack  that  Gen,  Gofl'e  niiide  his  appe:ir;niee, 
because  Mr.  Hubbard  takes  no  notice  of  an  attack  ui)on  tliat 
place  in  Sept.  1676,  which,  if  there  had  been  one,  it  would 
not  have  escaped  his  notice.  Rut  this  migiit  have  been  un- 
noticed by  Mr.  Hubbard  as  well  as  some  other  afl'airo  of  the 
war. 

Thus  are  some  of  the  most  important  e\  •  '  -  sketched  in  our 
hero's  absence,  and  we  may  now  add  concur  nini  what  Homer 
did  of  Achilles'  return  to  the  siege  of  Troy. 

Then  groat  Achilles,  terror  of  tl>.e  i)liiiii, 
Long  lu9t  to  buttle,  stiuiio  iii  oi'iud  tigaiii. 

Jliiid,  n,  I!.  XX,  57. 

*It  was  to  consist  of  1000  men  and  what  friendly  ludinna 
would  join  them.  Massachusetts  was  to  furnish  527,  Ply- 
mouth  158,  Connecticut  315.  Major  Robert  Trent  with  those 
of  Connecticut,  Slajor  Bradford  with  those  of  Plymouth, 
and  JIajor  Samuel  Appleton  with  those  of  TMassachusetts. 
The  whole  under  Gep.  Josiah  Winslow.  American  Annals, 
I,  426. 


66 


iL__ 


PIIIUP'S  WAR. 


craving  excuse 


from  taking  [a]  conimissior.,  [but] 
he  pioinises  to  wait  upon  hitn  as  a  llelormatlo  [a  vo- 
lunteer] through  the  expedition.  Having  rode  with 
the  General  to  Boston,  and  from  thence  to  Kehobf)th, 
upon  the  <"*  neral's  request  he  went  thence  the  near- 
est way  over  the  ferries,  with  Major  Smith,*  to  his 
garrison  in  the  Narraganset  country,  to  prepare  and 
provide  for  the  coming  of  General  Winslow,  who 
marched  round  through  the  country  with  his  army 
proposing  by  night  to  surprise  Pumham.f  a  certair 
Narraganset  sachem,  and  his  town ;  but  being  aware 
of  the  approach  of  our  army,  made  their  escape  in- 
to the  desertsj.  But  Mr.  Church  meeting  with  fair 
winds,  arrived  safe  at  the  Major's  garrison  in  the 
evening,^  and  soon  began  to  niquire  after  the  ene- 
my's resorts,  wigwams  or  sleeping  places;  and  hav- 
ing  gained  some  intelligence,  he  proposed  to  the  El- 
dridges  and  some  other  brisk  hands  that  he  met  with, 
to  attempt  the  surprising  of  some  of  the  enemy,  to 
make  a  present  of,  to  the  General,  when  he  should 
arrive,  which  might  advantage  his  design.  Being 
brisk  blades  they  readily  complied  with  the  m©- 
tion,  and  were  soon  upon  their  march.  The  night 
was  very  cold,  but  blessed  with  the  moon.     Before 

*Tliis  gentleman,  Mr  Hubbard  informs  us,  Nar.  liiS,  lived  in 
Wickford  wliero  the  arn./  was  to  take  up  its  iie:!d-(inarters. 
Wieklbrd  is  about  9  miles  N.  W.  from  Newport  on  Narraganset 
bay. 

t  (Sachem  of  Sliawomot  or  Warwick.) 

This  Saeiiem  had  signed  tlie  treaty  in  July,  wherein  sueli  great 
faitii  and  fidelity  were  promised.  See  note  3  on  page  36.  A  fc-w 
days  before  tiie  great  swamp  light  at  Narraganset  Capt.  Prentiee 
destroyed  his  town  after  it  was  deserted.  15ut  in  July,  1676,  he 
was  killed  by  some  of  the  Massachusetts  men,  near  Dedham.  A 
grandson  of  his  was  taken  before  this,  by  a  party  imder  Cajit. 
Denison,  wiio  was  esteemed  tiie  best  soldier  and  most  warlike  of 
all  the  Narraganset  chiefs.     Trumbull,  I,  345. 

^  It  appears  that  all  did  not  escape  into  the  deserts.  The 
heroick  Capt.  iMosely  eajjlured  36  on  his  way  to  Wickford. 

{December  11. 


PHILIPS  WAR. 


57 


the  day  broke  they  eflected  their  exi)loit;  and,  by 
the  rising  of  the  sun,  arrived  at  the  Major's  garrison, 
where  they  met  the  general,  and  presented  him  with 
eighteen  of  the  enemy,  [which]  they  had  captivated. 
The  General,  pleased  with  the  exploit,  ^ave  them 
thanks  particularly  to  Mr.  Church,  the  'nover  and 
chief  actor  of  the  business.  And  sending  two  of 
them  (likely  boys)  [as]  a  present  to  Boston;  Fand] 
smiling  on  Mr.  Church,  told  him,  that  he  made  no 
doubt  but  his  faculty  would  supply  them  with  Indian 
boys'  enough  before  the  war  was  ended. 

Their  next  move  was  to  a  swamp,*  which  the  In- 
Uians  had  fortified  with  a  fort.f  Mr.  Church  rode  in 
the  General's   guard    when    the  bloody  engngcincnt 

*  Hubbard,  13G,  saya  that  the  army  v  s  piloted  to  tliis  phioe 
Ly  one  Peter,  a  fugitive  Indian,  who  lied  iVoni  the  Narragansets, 
upon  some  discontent,  and  to  lihn  they  were  Indebted,  in  a  great 
measure  for  their  sueeess.  How  long  before  the  army  would 
have  found  the  enemy,  or  on  wiiut  part  of  tiie  fort  tliey  would 
have  fallen,  is  uncertain.  It  appears  that  had  they  come  upon 
any  other  part,  they  must  have  been  repulsed.  VVhether  this 
Peter  was  the  son  of  Awaslionks,  or  Peter  iSunnult,  the  hu-shand 
of  VVeetiimore,  the  Queen  of  Poeasset,  is  uncertain.  But  31  r. 
Hubbard  styles  him  a  fugitive  from  the  Narraganscts.  If  he 
were  a  Narragaiiset,  he  was  neither. 

f  Before  this,  on  the  14,  a  scout  under  Sergeant  Bcnnct  killed 
two  and  took  four  prisoners.  The  rest  of  the  same  company, 
in  ranging  the  country,  came  upon  a  town,  burned  13u  wigwams, 
killed  7  of  the  enemy  anc^  brought  in  eight  prisoners.  (Jn 
the  15,  some  Indians  came  under  the  pretence  of  making 
peace,  and  on  their  return  kilh^d  several  of  the  English,  who 
were  scattered  on  their  own  business.  Captain  jMosely,  while 
escorting  jMaj.  Appleton's  men  to  quarters,  was  tired  ujion 
by  20  or  30  of  the  enemy  from  behind  a  stone  wall,  but 
were  iunnediately  dispe'.ved,  leaving  one  dead.  On  the  16 
they  received  the  news  tliat  Jerry  Bull's  garrison  at  Petty- 
quamstot,  was  burned,  and  lifteen  persons  killed.  On  the  IS, 
tl-.e  Connecticut  forces  arrived,  who  on  their  way  had  taken  and 
killed  11  of  the  enemy.  The  united  forces  now  set  out,  Dec. 
19,  for  the  headquarters  of  the  enemy.  The  weather  was 
severely  cold  and  much  snow  upon  the  the  ground.  They 
arrived  upon  the  borders  of  the  swamp  about  one  o'clock.  Hub- 
bard, 128  to  130. 

a 


Bt 


S8 


IlILTT'S  WAR. 


bp'jjfin.  But  hein^  impatient  of  liciiiii  out  of  the 
heat  of  the  action,  importunately  bejiired  leave  of  the 
ricnoral,  that  he  mijiht  run  down  to  the  assistance  ot 
his  iViends.  Tlic,  Ceneral  yiclderl  to  his  rf(|Uost, 
]irovi(ie(l  he  could  rallv  some  hands  to  <j;o  with  him. 
Thirty  men  immediately  drew  out  and  t'ollowcd  him. 
'i'hey  entered  the  swamp,  and  ]>asse(i  over  the  log, 
that  was  the  passage  into  the  fort,  where  they  saw 
many  men  and  several  valiant  (^aptains  lie  slain.* 
Mr.  Church  spying  Captain  (Jardner  of  »S;dem 
amidst  the  wigwams  in  the  east  end  of  the  fort,  made 
towards  him;  but  on  a  sudden,  while  they  were 
looking  each  other  in  the  f^ice,  Captain  Gardner  set- 
tled down.  Mr.  Cluu'ch  stepped  to  him.  and  seeing 
the  blood  run  down  his  cheek  lifted  up  his  cnp,  and 
calling  him  by  his  name,  he  looked  up  in  his  face 
but  spake  not  a  word ;  being  mortally  shot  through 
the  head.  And  observing  his  wound,  Mr.  Church 
found  the  ball  entered  his  head  on  the  side  that  was 
next  the  upland,  where  the  English  entered  the 
swamp.  Upon  which,  having  ordered  some  care  to 
be  taken  of  the  Captain,  he  despatched  information 
to  the  General,  that  the  best  and  forwardest  of  his 
army,  that  hazarded  their  lives  to  enter  the  fort  ui)on 
tlie  muzzles  «f  the  enemy's  guns,  were  shot  in  their 
backs,  and  killed  by  them  that  lay  behind.  Mr. 
Church  with  his  small  company,  hastened  out  of  the 
fort  (that  the  English  were  now  possessed  of)  to  get 
a  shot  at  the  Indians  that  were  in  the  swamp, 
and  kept  firing  upon  them.  He  soon  met  with  a 
broad  and  bloody  track  where  the  enemy  had  fled 
with  their  wounded  men.  Following  hard  in  the 
track,  he  soon  spied  one  of  the  enemy,  who  clapped 
his  gun  across  his  breast,  made  towards  Mr.  Church, 
and  beckoned  to  him  with  his  hand.  Mr.  Church 
immediately  commanded  no  man  to  hurt  him,  hop- 

*  Si.\  Captains  were  klled.  Captains  Davenport,  Gardiner  and 
Johnson  of  JMassaeliusetts;  Gallop,  Siely  and  IMarshal!  of 
Connecticut.  No  mention  is  made  that  any  ollioers  were  killed 
belonnfing  to  Plymouth. 


I'liiupa  WAU. 


50 


.ng  by  him  to  have  gained  some  intellii^encc  of  llie 
enemy,  that  miyht  he  of  advantajre.  IJut  it  unhap- 
|iily  fell  out,  that  a  fellow  that  had  lafifTed  behind, 
eoinitii,'  up,  shot  down  the  Indian;  to  Mr.  Church's 
•ireat  i^rief  and  disappointment.  But  immediately 
they  heard  a  threat  shout  of  the  enemy,  which  seem- 
ed to  be  behind  them  or  between  tliem  and  the  fort ; 
and  discovered  them  runninc  from  tree  to  tree  to  ^a\n 
advant.'iges  of  firinj;  upon  the  Entilish  that  vvere  in 
the  fort.  I\[r.  Church's  great  difficulty  now  was 
how  to  discover  himself  to  his  friends  in  the  fort; 
using  several  inventions,  till  at  length  he  gained  an 
opportunity  to  call  to,  and  informed  a  Serger.  it  ii 
the  fort,  that  he  was  there  and  might  be  expo^jd  to 
their  shots,  unless  they  observed  it.  By  this  time  he 
discovered  a  number  of  the  enemy,  almost  within 
shot  of  him,  m.-Jiing  towards  the  fort.  Mr.  Chi  reh 
and  his  comjiany  were  favoured  by  a  heap  of  brush 
that  was  between  them,  and  the  enemv,  and  pre- 
vented their  being  discovered  to  them.  Mr.  Church 
had  given  his  men  their  particular  ordeis  for  firing 
upon  the  enemy.  And  as  they  were  rising  up  to 
make  their  shot,  the  aforementioned  Sergeant  in  the 
fort,  called  out  to  them,  for  God's  sake  not  to  fire, 
for  he  believed  they  were  some  of  their  friend  In- 
dians. They  clapped  down  again,  ])ut  were  soon 
sensible  of  the  Sergeant's  mistake.  The  enemy  got 
to  the  top  of  the  tree,  the  body  whereof  the  Sergeant 
stood  upon,  and  there  clapped  down  out  of  sight 
of  the  fort ;  but  all  this  while  never  discovered  Mr. 
Church,  who  observed  them  to  keep  gathering  unto 
that  place  until  there  seemed  to  be  a  formidable 
black  heap  of  them.  "Now  brave  boys,"  said  Mr. 
Church  to  his  men,  "if  we  mind  our  hi*"  we  may 
have  a  brave  shot,  and  let  our  sign  for  firiT;  r'-,  them, 
be  their  rising  to  fire  into  the  fort."  It  was  iiot  long 
before  tlie  Indians  rising  up  as  one  body,  designing 
to  pour  a  volley  into  the  fort,  when  our  Church 
nimbly  started  up,  and  gave  them  sucli  a  round  vol- 


'\\\ 


r-'; 


•r 


Jit 


60 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


ley,  and  unexpected  clap  on  their  backs,  that  they, 
who  escaped  with  their  lives,  were  so  surprised,  that 
they  scampered,  they  knew  not  whither  themselves. 
About  a  dozen  of  them  ran  right  over  the  log  into 
the  fort,  and  took  into  a  sort  of  hovel'  hat  was  built 
with  poles,  after  the  manner  of  a  corn  crib.  Mr. 
Church's  men  having  their  cartridges  fixed,  were 
soon  ready  to  obey  his  orders,  which  were  immedi- 
ately to  charge  and  run  [ — Y  ^pon  the  hovel  and  over- 
set it;  calling  as  he  ran  on,  to  some  that  were  in  the 
fort,  to  assist  him  in  oversetting  it.  Thev  no  sooner 
came  to  face  the  enemy's  shelter,  but  Mr.  Church 
discoA'^ered  that  one  of  them  had  found  a  hole  to 
ioint  his  gun  through  right  at  him.  But  however 
he]  encouraged  his  company,  and  ran  right  on,  till 
le  was  struck  with  three  bullets;  one  in  his  thigh, 
which  was  near  half  cut  off  as  it  glanced  on  the 
joint  of  his  hip  bone;  another  through  the  gather- 
ings of  his  breeches  and  drawers  with  a  small  flesh 
wound;  a  third  pierced  his  pocket,  and  wounded  a 
pair  of  mittens  that  he  had  borrowed  of  Captain 
rrentice;  being  wrapped  up  together,  had  the  mis- 
fortune of  having  many  holes  cut  through  them  with 
one  bullet.  But  however  he  made  shift  to  keep  on 
his  legs,  and  nimbly  discharged  his  gun  at  them  that 
had  wounded  him.  Being  disabled  now  to  go  a  step, 
his  men  would  have  carried  him  off,  but  he  forbid 
their  touching  of  him,  until  they  had  perfected  their 
project  of  oversetting  the  enemy's  shelter;  bid  them 
run,  for  now  the  Ind'ians  had  no  guns  charged. 
While  he  was  urging  them  to  run  on,  tlie  Indians  be- 
gan to  shoot  arrows,  and  with  one  pierced  through 
the  arm  of  an  Englishman  that  had  hold  of  Mr. 
Church's  arm  to  support  him.  The  English,  in  short, 
were  discouraged  and  drew  back.  And  by  this 
time  the  English  people  in  the  fort  had  begun  to  set 
fire  to  the  wigwams  and  houses  in  the  fort,  which 
Mr.  Church  laboured  hard  to  prevent.     They  told  him 

•[on] 


PraLIP'S  WAR. 


61 


[that]  they  had  orders  from  the  General  to  burn 
them.  He  begged  them  to  forbear  until  he  had  dis- 
coursed with  the  General.  And  hastening  to  him, 
he  begged  to  spare  the  wigwams,  &c.,  in  the  fort 
from  fire.  [And]  told  him  [that]  the  wigwams  were 
musket  proof;  bemg  all  lined  with  baskets  and  tubs 
of  grain  and  other  provisions,  sufficient  to  supply 
the  whole  army,  until  the  spring  of  the  year,  and 
every  wounded  man  might  have  a  good  warm  house 
to  lodge  in,  who  otherwise  would  necessarily  perish 
with  the  storms  and  cold;  and  moreover  that  the 
army  had  no  other  provisions  to  trust  unto  of  depend 
upon;  that  he  knew  that  the  Plymouth  forces  had 
not  so  much  as  one  [biscuit]^  left,  for  he  had  seen 
their  last  dealt  out,  &c.*  The  General  advising  a 
few  words  with  the  gentlemen  that  were  about  him 
moved  towards  the  fort,  designing  to  ride  in  himself 
and  bring  in  the  whole  army;  bu  just  as  he  was  en- 
tering the  swamp  one  of  his  Captains  met  him,  and 
asked  him,  whither  he  was  going?  He  told  him  "In- 
to the  fort."  The  Captain  laid  hold  of  his  horse 
and  told  him,  [that]  his  life  was  worth  an  hundred  of 
theirs,  and  [that]  he  should  not  expose  himself.  The 
General  told  him,  that,  he  supposed  the  brunt  was 
over,  and  that  Mr.  Church  had  informed  him  that 
the  fort  was  taken,  &c. ;  and  as  the  case  was  cir- 
cumstanced, he  was  of  the  mind,  that  it  was  most 
practicable  for  him  and  his  army  to  shelter  them- 
selves in  the  fort.  The  Captain  in  a  great  heat  re- 
plied, that  Church  lied;  and  told  the  General,  that, 
if  he  moved  another  step,  towards  the  fort  he  would 

Then   [bristled]^  up 

[briislcd] 


shoot  his   horse    under  him 
*  [biskake] 


*  Thus  the  heroiek  Cliurch  discovered  not  only  grcnt  bravery 
in  battle,  but  judgment  and  forethought.  Had  his  advice  been 
taken,  no  doubt  many'  lives  would  have  been  saved.  It 
may  be  remarked,  tliat  notwithstanding  Mr.  Church  so  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  thia  fight,  his  name  la  not  mentioned  by  our 
chief  historians. 


■I  -fi 


62 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


another  gentleman,  a  certain  Doctor,*  and  opposed 
Mr.  Church's  advice,  and  said,  [that]  if  it  were  com- 
plied with,  it  would  kill  more  men  than  the  enemy 
had  killed.  "For  (said  he)  by  tomorrow  the  wound- 
ed men  will  be  so  stiff,  that  there  will  be  no  moving 
of  them."  And  looking  upon  Mr.  Church,  and  see- 
ing the  blood  flow  apace  from  his  wounds,  told  him, 
that  if  he  gave  such  advice  as  that  was,  he  should 
bleed  to  death  like  a  dog,  before  they  would  endea- 
vour to  stanch  his  blood.  Though  after  they  had 
prevailed  against  his  advice  they  were  sufficiently 
kind  to  him.  And  burning  up  all  the  houses  and 
provisions  in  the  fort,  the  army  returned  the  same 
night  in  the  storm  and  cold.  And  I  suppose  that 
every  one  who  is  acquainted  with  that  night's  march, 
deeply  laments  the  miseries  that  attended  them; 
especially  the  wounded  and  dying  men.f  But  it 
mercifully  came  to  pass  that  Captain  Andrew  Bel- 
cherj  arrived  at  Mr.  Smith's  that  very  night  from 
Boston  with  a  vessel  laden  with  provisions  for  the 
army,  which  must  otherwise  have  perished  for  want. 
8ome  of  the  enemy  that  were  then  in  the  fort  have 
since  informed  us  that,  near  a  third  of  the  Indians 
belonging  to  all  the  Narraganset  country,  were  kill- 

*  I  have  not  been  able  to  losirn  the  name  of  the  beforemen- 
tioned  Captain  nor  Doctor.  Perhaps  it  is  as  well  if  their  memo- 
ries be  buried  in  oblivion.  Trumbull  says  that,  they  had  tiie 
best  surgeons  which  the  country  could  produce.  (, Mai,  Con.  I, 
340.  In  another  place,  I,  346,  Mr.  Gershora  Balk'cv.  Uo  says, 
"  was  viewed  one  of  the  greatest  physicians  and  surgeons  then 
in  Connecticut." 

t  What  rendered  their  situation  more  intolerable,  was,  beside 
the  severity  of  the  cold,  a  tremendous  storm  filled  the  atmosphere 
with  snow;  through  which  they  had  18  miles  to  march  before 
they  arrived  at  their  headquarters.  See  Hist.  Connecticut, 
I,  340. 

t  The  father  of  Governour  Belchers  He  lived  at  Cambridge, 
and  was  one  of  his  Majesty's  council.  No  one  was  more  respect- 
ed for  integrity,  and  it  is  truly  said  that  he  was  "  an  ornament 
and  blessinij  io  his  country."  He  died  October  31,  1728,  aged 
71.    Eliot,  J- 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


03 


ed  by  the  •English,  and  by  tlie  cold  of  tha.  night;* 
that  they  fled  out  of  their  fort  so  iiastdy,  that  they 
carried  nothing  with  them,  that  if  the  English  had 
kept  in  the  fort,  the  Indians  would  certainly  have 
bc'.ni  necessitated,  either  to  surrender  themselves  to 
t!iem,  or  to  have  perished  by  hunger,  and  the  seve- 
rity of  the  season. f 

Some  time  after  this  fort  fight,  a  certain  Sogkon- 
i'te  Indian,  hearing  Mr.  Church  relate  the  manner 
of  his  being  wounded,  told  him,  [that]  he  did  not 
know  but  he  himself  was  the  Indian  that  wounded 
him,  fortiiathe  was  one  of  that  company  of  Indians 
tliat  Mr.  Church  made  a  shot  upon,  when  they  were 
rising  to  make  a  shot  into  the  fort.  They  were  in 
number  about  sixty  or  seventy  that  just  then  came 
down  from  Pumham's  tovvnj  and  never  before  then 
fired  a  ffun  against  the  English.     That  when   jSIn. 

•Mr.  Hubbard,  185,  mentions,  that  one  Potock,  a  great 
coiinspUor  anions;  thorn,  confessed  on  being  taken,  that  the 
Indians  lost  700  lightinc;  men,  besides  300,  who  died  of  their 
\vo\inils.  Ma'. 7  old  persons,  children  and  wounded,  no 
doubt  jierished  in  the  flames.  Butjetters from  the  army,  at  the 
time,  may  l)e  seen  in  Hutchinson,  I,  27'i,  273,  in  which  the 
enemy's  loss  is  not  so  highly  rated.  They  comiiare  better 
with  the  account  given  by  our  author  in  the  next  note. 

t  (The  swamp  tight  happened  on  December  19,*  1(375,  in 
which  about  50  English  were  killed  in  the  action,  and  died 
of  their  wounds  ;  and  about  300  or  .S50  Indians,  men,  women 
and  children  were  killed,  ami  as  many  more  captivated. t  It 
is  said  500  wigwams  were  burned  with  the  ibrt,  and  200 
more  in  other  parts  of  Narraganset.  The  place  of  tlie  fort 
was  an  elevated  ground,  or  piece  of  upland,  of,  i)erhai)s,  3  or 
4  acres,  in  the  miildle  of  a  hideous  swamp,  about  7  miles 
nearly  due  west  from  Narraganset,  south  ferry-t) 

I  What  is  now  Warwick.     See  note  2,  page  56, 

*  Tlio  olil  co])V  of  this  history,  from  which  I  print  tliis,  gives  the  dale, 
Dno.  29,  but  it  must  bo  a.  mis[)riiil. 

I  Perhaps  lator  writers  are  more  correct  witli  regard  to  thcloss  of  ttio 
Riialish,  than  our  author.  It  is  said  tliat  tlierc  wore  above  SO  slain,  and 
150  wounded,  who  al'li-.rwards  recovered.     Hist,  Con.  I,  3i0. 

t  The  s'vamp  whore  this  battle  was  foiii»ht  is  in  Southkingston,  Uhoue. 
islind,  ijituat'jJ  as  nie:itioned  above. 


64 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Church  fired  upon  them  he  killed  fourteen  «3ead  upon 
the  spot,  and  wounded  a  greater  number  than  he 
killed.  Many  of  which  died  afterwards  of  their 
wounds,  in  the  cold  and  storm  [of]  the  following 
night. 

Mr.  Church  was  moved  with  other  wounded  men, 
over  to  Rhodeislr^nd,  where  in  about  three  months' 
time,  he  was  in  some  good  measure  recovered  of 
his  wounds,  and  the  fever  that  attended  them ;  and 
then  went  over  to  the  General*  to  take  his  leave  of 
him,  with  a  design  to  return  home.f     But  the  Gene- 

*  General  Winslow,  with  the  Plymouth  and  Massachusetts 
forces,  remained  in  the  Narraganset  country  most  of  the 
winter,  and  performed  considerable  against  the  enemy. 
The  Connecticut  men  under  Major  Treat,  being  much  cut 
lo  pieces,  returned  home. 

t  While  our  hero  is  getting  better  of  his  wounds  we  will 
take  a  short  view  of  what  is  transacting  abroad. 

The  enemy,  toward  the  end  of  January,  left  their  country 
and  moved  off  to  the  Nipmucks.  A  party,  in  their  way, 
drove  off  15  horses,  50  cattle  and  200  sheep,  from  one  of  the 
inhabitants  of  W^arwii'k.  On  the  '0  Feb.,  several  hundreds 
of  them  fell  upon  Lancaster,;  plundered  and  burned  a  great 
part  of  the  town,  and  killed  or  captivated  forty  persons. 
(Philip  commanded  in  tliis  attack,  it  was  supjiosed.)  Feb. 
'21,  nearly  lialf  of  the  town  of  Medfield  was  burned,  and  on 
ihe  '25,  seven  or  eight  buildings  were  also  burned  at  Wey- 
mouth. March  13,  Groton  was  all  destroyed  excepting  four 
garrison  houses.  On  the  17,  W^arwick  had  every  house  burned 
save  one.  On  the  26,  Marlborough  was  nearly  all  destroyed, 
and  the  inhabitants  deserted  it.  The  same  day  Capt.  Pierce 
of  Seituate  with  fifty  English  and  twenty  friendly  Indians, 
was  cut  off  with  most  of  his  men,  (For  the  particulars  of 
this  all'air  see  note  further  onward.)  On  the  28,  forty  houses 
anil  tliirty  barns  were  burned  at  Rehoboth  ;  and  the  day 
following,  about  30  houses  in  Providence.  The  main  body 
of  the  enemy  wxis  supposed  now  to  l)e  in  the  woods  between 
Brooktield  and  Marlborough,  and  Connecticut  river.  Capt 
Denison  of  Connecticut  with  a  few  brave  volunteers  per- 
formed signal  services.  In  the  first  of  April  he  killed  and  too 
44  of  the  enemy,  and  before  the  end  of  the  month  76  mor. 
were  killed  and  taken,  all  without  the  loss  of  a  man.  In  Ihc 
beginning  of  April  theW^amesit  Indians  did  some  niischief  at 
Ciieimsford,  on  Merrimack  river,  to  which  it  appears  they 
bid  been  provoked.      On   the  17,  the   remaining  houses  at 


PHUJP'S  WAR. 


65 


ral's  great  importunity  again  persuaded  him  to  accom- 
pany hiiii  in  a  long  march*  into  the  Nipmuckf  coun- 
try, though  he  had  then  tents  in  his  wounds,  and  so 
lame  as  not  [to  be]  able  to  mount  his  horse  without 
two  nicn's  assistance. 

In  tliis  march,  the  first  thing  remarkable,  was,  they 
came  to  an  Indian  town,  where  there  were  many  wig- 
wams in  sight,  but  an  icy  swamp,  lying  between  them 
and  the  wigwams,  prevented  their  running  at  once 
upon  it  as  they  intended.  There  was  much  firing  upon 
each  side  before  they  passed  the  swamp.  But  at 
length  the  enemy  all  fled,  and  a  certain  Mohegan, 
that  was  a  friend  Indian,  pursued  and  seized  one  of 
the  enemy  that  had  a  small  wound  in  his  leg,  and 
brought  him  before  the  General,  where  he  was  exam- 


ined. 


Some  were   for   torturing  him  to  bring  him 


Marlborough  were  consumed.  .  The  next  day,  18  April,  they 
came  furiously  upon  Sudbury.  (Some  nei'ount  of  wliich  will  be 
gfiven  in  ixn  ensuing  note.)  Ne.ar  the  end  of  April,Seitu!ite  about 
30  miles  from  Boston,  on  the  bay,  iiad  19  houses  and  barns 
burned.  The  ir.habitants  made  a  gallant  resistance  and  put  the 
enemy  to  flight.  May  8,  they  burned  17  iiouses  and  barns  at 
Brldgewater,  a  large  town  about  20  miles  south  of  Boston. 
Mather,  Magnalia,  II,  497,  says  that,  "not  an  inhabitant  was  lost 
by  this  town  during  the  war,  neither  young  nor  o!d;.t!iat  when 
their  dwellings  were  fired  at  this  time,  God,  from  heaven,  fought 
for  them  with  a  storm  of  lightning,  thunder  and  rain,  wlierel)y  a 
great  part  of  their  houses  were  preserved."  On  the  11,  tlie  town 
of  Plymouth  had  16  houses  and  barns  burned;  and  two  days  after 
9  more.  Middleborough,  38  miles  from  Boston,  had  its  few 
remaii  ing  houses  burned  the  same  duy. 

These  were  the  most  distressing  days  that  Newengl md  ever 
belield.  Town  after  town  fell  a  sacrifice  to  their  fury.  All 
was  fear  and  consternation.  Few  tiiere  were,  who  were  not 
in  mourning  for  some  near,  kindred,  and  notiiing  but  iiorrour 
stared  them  in  the  face.  But  we  are  now  to  see  tiie  afiairs  of 
Philip  decline. 

*  I  cannot  find  as  any  other  historian  has  taken  notice  of  I'.ls 
expedition  of  the  comm-nder  in  chief.  It  appears  from  what,  is 
above  stated  that  it  was  in  ilarch,  1G7G. 

+  (Country  about  Worcester,  O-xford,  Grafton,  Dudley,  &c.) 


itJiSL 


66 


PHILIP'S    WAIl. 


to  a  inoro  ample  confession  of  wliat  he  knew  con- 
cerning his  countrymen.     Mr.  Church,  verily  believ- 
ing [that]  he  had  been  ii'genuous  in  his  confession, 
intcrcesiL'd  and  prevailed  for  his  escaping  torturu- 
But  tile  army  beiu::^  bound  forward  in  their  miuch, 
find  the  Indian's  wound  somewhat  disenabling  him 
for  travellin/i.  it  was  concluded  [that]  he  should  ho 
knocked  on  the  head.     Accordingly  he  '>\as  brought 
beforp  a  great  fire,  itnd  the  Mjhe,<ran  tlwit  took  him 
was  allowed,  as  he  .'esired  to  bi.;,  his  e:,..  cution  •. . 
Mr.  Church  taking  no  delight  in  tlio  sport,  Tamed 
an   errand    at  some    jiisl.iace  aiu'iug   the   baggage 
horses,  and  when  he  had  got  ten  rods,  or  fi^ereahouts, 
from  tlie  fire,  tlie  execiitio'icr   fetcii.ng  u.  bloiv  with 
a  hatchet  at  th>   head  of  the  prisoner,  he  Leing  aware 
of  tti.    Ifk'W,  fi<  dged  hi*  head  asido,  ano  the  oxecu- 
tijn'.  r  )iiij>!ng  his  stroke,  Use  hatchet  Hew  out  n(  ins 
hand,  uni\  f.  d  like  to  have  done  execution  where  it 
was-  Doi  di'hijiiicd.     The  prisoner  upon  his   narrow 
t'scapc  ov  iNe  irow  liiem  that  held  him,  and  notwith- 
hlnnding  ins  v.ouud,  made  use  of  his  legs,  and  hap- 
p'.n(;d  to  run   right  upon  Mr.  Church,  who  laid  hold 
vn  him,  and  a  close  scuffle  they  had ;  but  the  Indian 
having  no  clothes  on  slipped  from  him  and  ran  again, 
and    Mr.  Church  pursued    [him,]'   although   l)e)ng 
Uvme  there  was  no  great  odds  in  the  race,   until  the 
Indian  stun  bled  and   feU,   and  [then]   they  closed 
again — scuHled  and  fought  pretty  smartly,  until  the 
Indian,  by  the  advantage  of  his  nakedness,  slipped 
from  his  hold  again,  and  set  out  on  his  third  race, 
witii  Mr.  Church  close  at  his  heels,  endeavouring  to 
lay  hold  on  the   hair  of  his  head,  which  was  all  the 
hold  could  be  taken  of  him.     And  running  through 
a  swamp  that  was  covered  with  hollow  ice,  it  made 
so  loud  a  noise  that  Mr.  Church  expected  (but  in 
vain)  that  some   of  his  English  friends  would  follow 
the  noise  and  come  to  his  assistance.     But  the  In- 
dian happened  'o  run  athwart  a  large  tree  thct  lay 
1  ftlie  Indian] 


PHILIP'S  AVAR. 


67 


fallen  near  breast  high,  where  he  stopped  and  cried 
out  aloud  for  help.     But   Mr.  Church  bein;;  goon 
upon  him  again,  the  Indian  seized  him  fast  by  the 
imir  of  his  head,  and  endeavoured  by  twisting  to 
break  his  neck.     But  though  Mr.  Church's  wounds 
had  somewhat  weakened  him,  and  the  Indian  a  stout 
fellow,  yet  he  held  him  in  play  and  twisted  the  In- 
dian's neck  as  well,  and  todli  the  advantage  of  many 
opportunities,  while  they  hung  by  each  other's  hair, 
gave  him  notorious  bunts  in  the  face  with  his  head. 
But  in  the  heat  of  the   scufllc  they  heard  the  ice 
break,  with  somebody's  coming  apace  to  them,  which 
when  they  heard.  Church   concluded  there  was  help 
for  one  or  other  of  them,  but  was  doubtful  wliicli  of 
tlicm  must  now  receive  the  fatal  stroke — anon  some- 
body comes  up  to  them,  who  proved  to  be  the  In- 
dian   that  had  first  taken  the  prisoner;  [and]  with- 
out speaking  a  word,  he   felt  them  out,  (for  it  was 
so  (lark   he   could  not  distinguish  them  by  sight,  the 
one   being   clothed    and    the  other  naked)    he    felt 
where  Mr.  Church's   hands  were  fastened  in  the  Ne- 
top's*  hair  and  with  one  blow  settled  his  hatchet  in 
between  them,  and  [thus]  ended  the  strife.     lie  then 
spoke  to  Mr.  Church  and  hugged  him  in  his  arms, 
and  thanked  him  abundantly  for  catching  his  prison- 
er.    [He  then]^  cut  o(f  the  head  of  his  victim  and 
carried  it  to  the  camp,  and  [after]  giving  an  account 
to  the  rest  of  the   friend  Indians  in  the  camp  how 
Mr.  Church  had  seized  his  prisoner,  &-c.,   they  all 
joined  in  a  mighty  shout. 

Proceeding  in  this  march  they  had  the  success  of 
killi.ig  many  of  tlie  enemy;  until  at  length  their 
provisions  failing,  they  returned  homo. 

Kill,;  Philipf  (as  was  before  iiinted)  was  tied  to  a 
1  [and] 

*  The  Notop  Indians  were  a  small  tribe  among  tlie  Sogko- 
nates. 

t  It  was  supposed  hy  many  that  Philip  was  at  the  gre&t 
Kwar.ip  llgjit  at  Narragcinsc    in  December,  1675.     See  note  1 


i)J 


1 


.;<? 
^*^ 


rp- 


08 


PHIIJP'S  WAR. 


place  called  Scatiacook,*  jctwcen  York  and  Albany, 
where  tiie  Mooha^sf  made  a  descent  upon  him  and 
killed  many  of  his  men,  which  moved  him  from 
thence. ;j; 

His  next  kennelling  place  was  at  tiie  fall^  of  Con- 
necticut river,  where,  sometime  after  Captain  Tur- 
ner found  him,  [and]  came  upon  him  by  night,  kill- 
ed him  a  great  many  men,  and  frightened  many  more 
into  the  river,  that  were  hurled  down  the  falls  and 
drowned.  II 

•  It  is  above  Albany,  on  the  east  side  of  the  north  branch 
of  the  Hudson,  now  called  Hoosac  river,  about  15  miles  from 
Alhanj'.  Smith  wrote  this  word  Scaghtahook.  History  N. 
York,  307. 

t  (Mohawks.) 

Tiiis  word  according;  to  Roger  Williams,  is  derived  from 
the  word  moho,  which  signifies  to  eat.  Or  Mohawks  signifi- 
ed cannibals  or  man  eaters  among  the  other  tribes  of  Indians. 
Trumbull,  U.  States,  1,  47.  Hutchinson,  1, 405,  This  tribe 
wassitualcd  along  the  Mohawk  river,  from  whom  it  took  its 
name,  and  was  one  of  the  powerful  Fivenations,  who  in  1713, 
were  joined  by  the  Tuskarora  Indians,  a  large  tribe  from  N. 
Carolina,  and  thence  known  by  the  name  of  the  Sixna- 
lions.  Williamson,  N,  Carolina,  1,203,  Hon.  De  Witt 
Clinton,  in  N.  Y,  Hist,  Soc,  Col.  II,  48,  says  the  Tuskaroras 
joined  the  other  nations  in  1712. 

I  Philip  despairing  of  exterminating  the  English  with  his 
Ne^^■cngland  Indians  resorted  to  '  lie  Mohawks  to  persuade 
them  to  engage  in  iiis  cause.  They  not  being  willing,  he 
had  rccour.-e  to  a  foul  expedient.  Meeting  with  some  Mo- 
haAvksin  the  woods,  hunting,  he  caused  them  to  be  murdered  ; 
and  then  informed  their  friends,  (hat  the  English  had  done 
it.  But  it  so  happened  that  one,  wliich  was  left  for  dead, 
revived  and  returned  to  his  friends,  and  informed  them  of 
the  truth.  The  Mohawks  in  just  resentment  fell  upon  hiir 
and  killed  many  of  his  men.     Adams,  Hist,  N,  Eng,  125. 

§  (Alx've  Deerlield.) 

ft  iia'^  been  suggested,  and  it  is  thought  very  appropriate- 
ly lo  call  that  cataract,  where  Capl.  Turner  destroyed  the 
Indians,  Turner's  Falls,     See  Anlujuarian  Researches,  131. 

II  Philip  with  a  great  company  of  his  people  had  taken  a 
stand  at  the  fall  in  Connecticut  river  for  the  convenience  of 
getting  a  .-upply  of  fish,  after  the  destruction  of  their  pro- 
visions a     the   great   swamp  light  in  Narraganset.     Some 


{r~ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


60 


Philip  got  over  the  river,  and  on  the  back  side  of 
Wetuset*  hills,  meets  with  all  the  remnants  of  the 
Narraganset  and  Nipmuckf  Indians,  that  were  there 
gathered  together,  and  became  very  numerous ;  and 
[then]  made  their  descent  on  SudburyJ  and  the 
adjacent  parts  of  the  country,  where  they  met  with, 

Rfisoners  deserted  and  Lrouglit  news  to  Iladley,  Hatfield  and 
[ortlintnpton  of  the  Indians'  situation  at  tlie  falls.  On  tlie  js 
May,  160  men  under  Capt.  Turner  arrived  near  their  quarters  at 
day  brealc.  Tiie  enemy  were  in  their  wigwams  asleep,  and  with- 
out guards.  The  English  rushed  upou  them  iuid  fired  as  they 
rose  from  sleep,  which  so  terrified  them  that  they  tied  in  every 
direction:  crying  out  "Mohawks!  IMohawks!"  Some  ran  into  the 
river,  some  took  canoes,  and  in  their  fright  forgot  the  jiaddles,  and 
were  precipitated  down  the, dreadful  fall  and  dashed  in  jiieees. 
The  enemy  is  supposed  to  have  lost  300.  The  Engli.sh  having 
finished  the  work, began  a.  retreat;  but  the  Indians,  on  reeoveriiig 
from  their  terror  fell  upon  their  vear,  killed  Capt.  Turner  and  38 
of  his  men.  See  American  Annals,  1, 430.  Why  is  the  name  of 
Turner  not  found  in  our  Biographical  Dictionaries? 

*In  the  north  part  of  the  present  town  of  Princetnwn  in 
Worcester  countv,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Boston.  Mr.  Hubbard 
wrote  this  word  Watchuset,  and  Dr.  Morse,  Wachusett,  and  calls 
it  a  mountain.  See  Univ.  Gaz.  But  in  this,  as  well  as  many 
other  words,  the  easiest  way  is  the  best  way;  hence  Wachusc*  fs 
to  be  preferred. 

t  (About  Rutland.) 

It  was  just  said  that  the  Nipmuck  country  was  about  Wor- 
cester, Oxford,  &c.  See  note  2  on  page  '  j,  Nipmuck  was  a 
general  name  for  all  Indiana  beyond  tli.e  Connecticut  toward 
Canada. 

J  On  the  27  March,  1C76,  some  persons  of  IMarlborough  joined 
others  of  Sudbury,  and  wc;it  in  search  of  the  enemy.  Tiiey  came 
upon  nearly  300  of  them  before  day  asleep  by  tbeir  fires,  and 
within  half  a  mile  of  a  garrison  house.  The  English,  though  but 
40  in  number,  ventured  to  fire  upon  t'lf  m  ;  and  before  they  could 
arouse  and  escape,  they  had  several  well  directed  fi  "s,  killing  and 
wounding  about  30.  On  18  April,  as  has  been  before  noted, 
they  furiously  fell  upon  Sudbury,  burned  several  houses  and 
barns  and  killed  several  persons.  Ten  or  tv  -Ive  persons  that 
came  from  Concord,  6  miles  distant,  to  assist  their  friends, 
were  drawn  into  an  ambut-'i,  and  all  killed  or  taken.  Hubbard. 
182,  184. 


ii 


':*|i1 


i.  M& 


70 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


an«l  swallowed  up  [tlio]  viiliiiiit  Ciiptain  WailHWorlii* 
nrid  his  coinpuny  ;  and  many  otlior  <li)lcfii.l  desolations 
in  those  parts.  Tiie  news  whereof  coniinj^  to  Ply- 
inoul'li,  and  they  expecting  [that, J  ])rol)ably,  the  ene- 
my would  soon  '^c  ii  .i'.r:iin  into  their  colony,  the 
council  ofw:i  vverei  k'  'd  tofrether,  and  Mr.  Church 
was  s(!nt  lot  to  them ;  bein;;  observed  by  the  whole 
colony  to  be  apcrson  extraordinarily  (pialified  ror,and 
adapted  U)  the  atlairs  of  war.  It  was  proposed  in  coun- 
cil, that  lest  the  enemy  in  their  return,  should  fall  on 
Reholiolh,  or  some  other  of  their  out  towns,  a  com- 
pany consistiti<r  of  sixty  or  sown  •  ;..,<!,  should  be 
sent  into  tiiose  parts,  and  [that]  Mr.  Churcii  |  bej  in- 
vited t(t  take  the  command  gf  ti»em.  lie  told  them 
lliat  if  theenenjy  returned  into  that  colony  aijain,  they 

,  •  Capt.  Samnol  Watlsworlli,  fathor  ol"  president  Wads- 
'vortii  of  Harvard  Coilofrp.  Cap(.  Wadsworth  wassrnt  from 
B(iston  with  50  men  to  relieve  Marlhoroiit;!).  After  march- 
ing; lib  miles,  Ihey  were  informed  that  the  enemy  had  gone 
lovvartl  Sudbury  ;  so  without  stojipinj!;  lo  take  any  rest,  they 
pursued  after  them.  On  comiufz;  near  llie  town,  a  ])arty  of 
the  enen»y  were  iliscovered,  and  pursueil  about  a  mile  into 
llie  woe  s  when  on  a  sudden  (hey  were  surroiuuled  on  uU 
sides  hy  500  Indians,  as  was  judged.  No  chance  of  escape 
ai)])earcd.  Tliis  little  hand  of  hr  ive  men  now  resolved  to 
tight  to  the  last  ma:i.  Tliey  gained  an  eminence,  which 
they  h.Hintained  for  some  time  ;  at  length,  night  approach- 
ing, they  began  to  scatter,  which  gave  the  enemy  the  advan- 
tage, and  nearly  every  one  wasslain.  This  was  a  ilreadful 
blow  to  the  country.  It  is  not  certain  that  any  ever  escaped 
to  relate  the  -ad  '.ale.  President  W'adsworth  erected  a  monu- 
ment where   this   battle  ^vas  fought  u'ith  this  inscription. 

"  Cajitain  Samuel  Wadswortli  of  JSlilton,  his  Lieutenant 
Snarp  of  Brookline,  Ca|)lain  Broclehank  of  l{owley,  with 
about  Twenty  Six*  otlie.  souLliers,  tighling  for  the  defence 
of  tlieir  countiy,  were  .-.lain  by  (he  Imlian  enemy  April  13th, 
lt)7tj,  and  lye  luiried  in  th's  place." 

"This  moniii  lent  stands  to  (he  \'  st  of  Sudbury  causeway, 
about  one  mile  southward  of  the  church  in  old  Sudbury,  and 
aliont  a  ([uarter  of  a  mile  from  (he  great  road,  (hat  leads 
from  \\'orces(er  to  Boston."  Holmes,  1,  429.  Sudbury  ia 
ubout  22  miles  IVori  U;)ston. 

*  Supposed  to  b    'he  nvmljcr  of  bodies  found. 


'HI 


r— -I 


-^.  .. 


PHILIP'S        AR. 


71 


liiijjht  reasonably  expect  that  tl)ey  would  come  very 
tiuiiu'rous,  uud  if  he  shoulil  take  the  coiiunarui  of 
men  Ik'  should  not  lie  in  any  town  or  garrison 
with  th(  in,  but  would  lie  in  the  woods  as  llie  enemy 
did — and  that  to  send  out  such  small  companies 
ai^ainst  such  multitudes  of  the  enemy  that  were  now 
mustered  to^i^cther,  would  be  but  to  (leliv(;r  so  many 
men  into  their  hands,  to  be  destroyed,  as  tlic  worthy 
"'aptain  Wudswortli  and  his  company  were.  His 
,  I  "ice  upon  the  wliole  was,  that,  if  they  sent  out 
I.  ij  *(»rces,  to  send  no  less  than  three  hundred  sol- 
dier-: ;  and  that  the  other  colonies  should  hv  asked 
to  send  out  their  (juotas  also  ;  adding,  that,  if  they 
intended  to  make  an  end  of  the  war  by  subduiUf;  the 
enemy,  they  must  make  a  business  of  the  u  ;ir  as  the 
enemy  did  ;  and  that  for  his  own  part,  he  had  wholly 
laid  aside  all  his  own  private  business  and  concerns, 
ever  since  the  war  broke  out.*  He  told  them  tliat, 
if  tliey  would  send  forth  such  forces  as  he  sliould 
direct  [them]  to,  he  would  go  willi  them  for  six 
weeks  march,  which  was  long  enough  for  men  to  be 
kept  in  the  woods  at  once  ;  and  if  they  might  be 
sine  of  liberty  to  return  in  such  a  space,  men  would 
go  out  cheerfully;  and  he  would  engage  [that]  one 
hundred  and  fifty  of  the  best  soldiers  should  imme- 
diately list,  voluntarily,  to  go  with  him,  if  tiujy  would 
pleasf^  to  add  fifty  more  ;  and  one  Imndred  of  the 
iriend  Indians.  And  with  such  an  army,  he  made 
no  doubt,  but  he  might  do  good  service,  but  on  other 
terms  he  did  not  incline  to  be  concerned. 

Their  reply  was,  that,  they  were  already  in  debt, 
and  so  big  an  army  would  bring  such  a  charge  upon 
them,  that  they  should  never  be  able  to  pay.  And 
as  for  sending  out  Indians,  they  thought  it  no  ways 
advisable;  and  in  short,  none  of  his  advice  practi- 
cal'le. 

*  It  will  be  d  scoverable  in  almost  every  step  onward,  how 
shameiully  Mr  Church  was  treated  by  government  for  a!! 
iiis  fccrvioeii. 


I 


I 


i! 


72 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Now  Mr.  Church's  consort,  and  his  then  only  son 
were  till  this  time*  reujaininj:;  at  Duxbury  ;  and  his 
fearing  their  safety  there,  (unless  the  war  were  more 
virjorously  engaged  in)  resolved  to  move  to  Rhode- 
island,  though  it  was  much  opposed,  both  by  govern- 
ment and  relations.  But  at  length  the  Govcrnour, 
considering  that  he  might  bo  no  less  serviceable,  by 
being  on  that  side  of  the  colony,  gave  his  permit,  anil 
wished  [that]  he  had  twenty  more  as  good  men  to 
send  with  him. 

Then  preparing  for  his  removal,  he  went  with  his 
small  family  to  Plymouth  to  take  leave  of  their 
friends,  where  they  met  with  liis  wife's  parents,  who 
much  persuaderl  that  she  might  be  left  at  Mr.  Clark's 
garrison,  (which  they  supposed  to  be  a  mighty  safe 
place)  or  at  least  that  she  might  be  there,  until  her 
soon  expected  lying  in  was  over ;  (being  near  her 
time.)  Mr.  Church  no  ways  inclining  to  venture  her 
any  longer  in  those  parts,  and  no  arguments  prevail- 
ing with  him,  he  resolutely  set  out  i'or  Taunton,  and 
many  of  their  friends  accompanied  them.  There 
they   found    Captain    Piercef    with    a    commanded 

*  The  beginning  of  March,  1676. 

t  Tills  gentl",man  belonged  to  Scitiiate,  as  is  seen  in  note  to 
page  6-1.  I  ha.\<i  learned  no  particulars  of  him,  except  what  arc 
furnished  in  the  Indian  w.irs.  It  appears  tliat  he  was  now 
on  his  inarch  into  the  Marraganset  country,  having  heard 
that  many  of  the  enemy  had  collected  at  I'awtuxet,  a,  few 
miles  to  the  southward  of  Providence.  lie  being  a  man  of 
great  courage,  and  willing  to  engage  the  enemy  on  any 
ground,  was  led  into  a  fatal  snare.  On  crossing  the  Paw- 
tuxet  river  ho  found  himself  encircled  by  an  overwhelming 
number.  He  retreated  to  the  side  of  the  river  to  prevent 
being  siii rounded ;  but  this  only  alternative  failed:  For  the 
enemy  crossing  the  river  above,  came  upon  their  backs  with 
the  same  deadly  effect  as  those  in  front.  Thus  they  had  to 
contend  with  tripple  numbers,  and  a  double  disadvantage. — 
Means  was  found  to  despatch  a  messenger  to  Providence  for 
succour,  but  through  some  nnacountable  default  in  him,  or 
them  to  whom  it  was  delivered,  none  arrived  until  too  late. 
The  scene  was  horrid  beyond  description !  Some  say  that  all 
tlie  English  were  slain,   others,  that   one   only  escaped,  which 


i'inr,ii"s  WAii. 


73 


onrfv,  wlio  otrerod  Mr.  Chiircli  to  send  a  relation  of 
liis  \\  itii  soinc!  others  to  fiuurd  liiin  to  llhodeislniid. 
IJiit  Mr.  Church  thnnkcd  liini  tor  Ins  respectful  oiUr, 
hut  for  soiu(3  ;ro«)d  rcusons  refused  to  accept  it.  lu 
short,  they  yot  safe  to  Captain  John  Almy's*  house 
upon  Riiodeislaiid  where  they  met  with  friends  and 
flood  tyitertainmciit.  Ikit  by  the  way  let  nio  not 
forLTet  tliis  renifirkable  providence,  viz  ,  that  within 
twcntyfour  hours,  or  thereabouts,  after  their  arrival 
ill  RhodeisliMid,  Mr.  Clark's  j^arrison,  that  Mr.  Chureii 
was  so  inufh  importuned  to  leave  his  wife  Jind  chil- 
(Ircn  at,  wiis  (lcstrf)yed  by  the  enemy.f 

Mr.  Church  beinij;  at  present  disabled  from  any 
p.Titicular  servict;  in  the  war,  be<;an  to  think  of  some 
other  employ.     l>ut  he  no  sooner  took  a  tool  to  cut 

was  rllocttMl  as  follows,  A  IVirndly  Iiulian  pursued  liiiri  with 
an  u|)lirtrti  lonr.iliawk.  in  tin-  faco  ol'tlie  enemy,  who  consiil- 
orin.;  his  falc  eortain,  and  that  he  was  pursued  by  one  of 
(heir  own  men,  made  no  discovery  ol'  the  stratapeTU,  and 
l)olli  esca]ied.  Anollier  friend  Indian  seeinj^  that  the  battle 
wa-^  lo>t,  lilarkened  his  fac*"  with  jjowder  and  ran  among  the 
ciieniy,  whom  they  took  to  he  one  of  themselves,  who  also 
were  jiainled  Mack,  then  pre:entiy  e-ea])ed,into  tiie  woods. 
Another  was  jiursued,  who  hid  behind  a  rock,  and  his  pursu- 
er lav  secreted  near  to  ghoot  him  when  he  ventured  out. 
But  lie  behinil  the  rock  put  Ids  hat  or  cap  upon  a  stick,  and 
rai'-iiig  it  \\\>  in  sight,  the  other  iij-ed  upon  it.  He  dropping 
liisstiik  ran  upon  him  ijelbre  he  could  reload  his  gun  and 
shot  him  dead.  See  Hubbanl,  Nar.  151,  &c.  It  appears 
that  Canonchet,  a  Narragansct  chief,  who  aftcrwarus  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  brave  Cajst.  Denison  commanded  in 
tliis  battle.     See  Hist.  Connect.  344. 

*  See  note  2  on  page  40. 

1  On  the  12  March  Mr,  Clark's  house  was  assaulted  bv  the 
Indians,  who  after  barbarously  murdering  1 1  persons,  belong- 
ing to  two  families,  set  it  on  lire.  Mr.  Huhbard,  155,  says,  that 
"The  cruelty  was  the  more  rnma.-kable,  in  that  thev  had 
often  received  much  kindness  from  the  said  Clark."  tliilip 
is  sii|)i>osed  to  have  conducted  this  atfair.  About  the  tuTie 
tiiat  that  chief  fell,  200  Indians  delivered  themselves  prison- 
ers a:  Plvmouth,  3  of  whom  were  found  to  have  been  among 
tiiose  wl'w  murdered  Mr.  Clark's  family  and  were  executed. 
The  rest  were  taken  into  favour.  Ibid.  216. 
1> 


74 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


a  small  stick,  but  he  cut  oil'  the  lop  of  his  fore  fin. 
ger,  and  the  next  to  it  half  oil";  upon  wiiicii  he 
smilingly  said,  that  he  thought  he  was  out  of  his 
way  to  leave  the  war,  and  resolved  he  would  [goj  to 
war  again. 

Accordingly  his  second  ^on  being  born  on  thb 
12th  of  May,  and  his  wife  and  son  [likely]'  to  do 
well,  Mr.  Church  embraces  t])e  opportunity  oFa  pas- 
sage in  a  sloop  bound  to  Barnstable,  [vvhioii]''  land- 
ed him  at  Sogkonesset,*  from  whence  he  rode  to 
Plymouth,  and  arrived  there  the  first  Tuesday  in 
June.f 

The  Cicneral  Court  then  sitting,  welcomed  him, 
and  toUl  him  [that]  they  were  glad  to  see  him  alive, 
lie  re|)liod,  [that]  he  was  as  glad  to  see  them  alive ; 
for  he  had  seen  so  many  fires  and  smokes  towards 
their  side  of  the  country,  since  he  left  them,  that  he 
could  scr.vce  eat  or  sleep  with  any  comfort,  for  fear 
they  had  all  been  destroyed.  For  all  travelling  was 
stopped,  and  no  news  had  passed  for  a  long  time 
together. 

He  gave  them  an  account,f  that  the  Indians  had 
made  horrid  desolations  at  Providence,  Warwick, 
Pawtuxct,  and  all  over  the  Narraganset  country  ; 
and  that  they  prevailed  daily  against  the  English  on 
that  side  of  the  country.  [He]  told  them  [that]  he 
loiiijed  to  hear  what  method';  they  designed  [to  take] 
in  the  war.  They  told  him  [that]  they  were  par- 
1  [like]  a  [who] 

•  Known  now  by  tlip  name  of  Wood's  hole.  It  is  in  the 
(own  of  Falmouth,  not  far  to  the  eastward  of  Sogkonate  point. 
Doufr;la:-s  wrote  tliis  name  Soconosset,  and  Hutchinson  Suea- 
nesset.  A  small  clan  of  Indians  resided  here  from  whom  it 
took  its  name. 

t  Namely  the  S. 

J  We  should  not  sn|)|)ose  that  this  was  the  first  intelligence 
that  tlie  people  of  Plymouth  r'^ccived  of  the  destruction  of 
those  places,  as  this  visit  was  nearly  3  months  after  the  des- 
truction of  Warwick,  Providence,  &.c.,an(l  about  4  from  the 
cutting  oft"  of  Capt.  Pierce  ;  yet  it  might  be  the  case. 


PHILIP'S  WAR.  75 

ticularly  glad  that  providence  had  brought  liim  there 
at  that  juncture  ;  for  they  had  concluded  the  very 
next  (hiy  to  send  out  an  army  of  two  hundred  men  ; 
two  thirds  English,  and  one  third  Indians  ;  in  some 
UKjasure  agreeable  to  his  former  proposal — expect- 
ing Boston  and  Connecticut  to  join  with  their 
([uotas. 

In  short,  it  was  so  concluded,  and  that  Mr.  Church 
should  return  to  the  island,  and  see  what  he  could 
muster  there,  of  those  who  had  moved  from  Swan- 
zoy,  Dartnr.outh,  &c. ;  so  returned  the  same  way 
[iliat]  he  came.  When  he  came  to  Sogkonesset,  he 
iiad  a  sham  put  upon  him  about  a  boat  [which]  he 
had  bouglit  to  go  liome  in,  and  was  forced  to  hire 
two  of  the  friend  Indians  to  paddle  him  in  a  canoe 
iVom  Elizabeth's*  to  llliodeisland. 

It  fell  out,  that  as  they  were  on  their  voyage  pass- 
ing by  Sogkonate  point, f  some  of  the  enemy  were 
upon  the  rocks  a  fishing.  He  bid  the  Indians  that 
niJMiaged  the  canoe,  to  ]niddle  so  near  the  rocks,  as 
that  he  might  call  to  those  Indians  ;  [and]  told  them, 
that  he  had  a  greivt  mind  ever  since  the  war  broke 
out  to  speak  with  some  of  the  Sogkonate  Indians, 
and  that  they  were  their  relations,  and  therefore  they 
need  not  fear  their  hurting  of  them.  And  he  add- 
ed, that,  he  had  a  mighty  conceit,  that  if  he  could 
get  a  fair  opportiniity  to  discourse  [with]  them,  that 
lie  could  draw  them  off  from  Philip,  for  he  knew 
[that]  they  never  heartily  loved  him.  The  enemy 
Iialloocd,  and  made  signs  for  the  canoe  to  come  to 
them  ;  but  wlien  liiey  approached  tiicm  they  skulked 
and  hid  in  the  clefts  of  the  rocks.  Then  Mr. 
Cluircij  ordered  the  canoe  to  be  paddled  off  again, 
lest,  if  he  came  too  near,  they  shouhl  Hre  upon  him. 
Thf!n  the  Indians  appearing  again,  beckoned  and 

*•  From  ^Vooi!s  hole  or  Sogkonesset  to  tliis  island  is  I  mile 

t  A  I  ill  It'  north  of  this  point  is  a  small  hay  called  Church's 
cove,  an<l  a  small  cajte  ahout  2  miles  further  north  hears  the 
name  of  CJmrch's  point. 


m 

'M 

- 

ifii 

f\ 

w 

;':'.  i'^ 


76 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


called  ill  the  Indian  language,  and  bid  them  come 
ashore,  for  they  wanted  to  speak  with  [them.]' 
The  Indians  in  the  canoe  answered  them  again,  but 
they  on  the  rocks  told  them,  that  the  surf  made  such 
a  noise  against  the  rocks,  [that]  they  could  not  hear 
any  thing  they  said.  Then  Mr.  Church  by  signs 
with  his  hands,  gave  [them]  to  understand,  that  lie 
would  have  two  of  them  go  down  upon  the  point  of 
the  beach.  (A  j)lace  where  a  man  might  see  who 
was  near  him.)  Accordingly  two  of  them  ran  along 
the  beach,  and  met  him  there  without  their  arms , 
excepting,  that  one  of  tliem  had  a  lance  in  his  hand. 
They  urged  Mr.  Church  to  cume  ashore,  for  they 
had  a  great  desire  to  have  some  discourse  witli  him. 
He  told  them,  [that]  if  he,  that  had  his  weapon  in 
his  hand,  would  carry  it  up  some  distance  upon  the 
beach,  and  leave  it,  he  would  come  ashore  and  dis- 
course [with]  them.  lie  did  so,  and  Mr.  Church  went 
ashore,  hauled  up  his  canoe,  ordered  one  of  his  In- 
dians to  stay  by  it,  and  the  other  to  walk  above  on 
the  beach,  as  a  sentinel,  to  see  that  the  coasts  were 
clear.  And  v.hon  Mr.  Church  came  up  to  the  In- 
dians, one  of  them  happened  to  be  honest  George, 
one  of  the  two  that  Awashonks  formerly  sent  to  call 
him  to  her  dance,  and  was  so  careful  to  guard  him 
back  to  his  house  again.  [Thi.s  was]  the  last  Sogko- 
nate  Indian  he  spoke  with  before  the  war  broke  out. 
He  spoke  English  very  well.  Mr.  Church  asked  him 
where  Awashonks  was  9  [He  said]**  "  In  a  swamp 
about  three  milor,  muV  Mr.  Church  asked  him  wliat 
it  was  [tiiat]  he  wanted,  that  he  hallooed  and  called 
iiim  ashore ']  He  answered,  that  he  took  him  for 
Church  as  soon  as  he  heard  his  voice  in  the  canoe, 
and  that  he  was  very  glad  to  see  him  aliv(;;  and  hr> 
believed  his  mistress  would  be  as  glad  to  see  him, 
and  speak  witii  him.  He  told  him  furtlier,  that  he 
believed  she  was  not  fond  of  maintiiining  a  war  with 
the  English,  and  that  she  had  left  Philij)  and  did  not 
1  [him]  2  [He  told  him] 


i'llILlP'S  WAR. 


77 


intend  to  return  to  liim  any  more.  He  was  mighty 
earnest  with  Mr.  Church  to  tarry  there  while  he 
would  run  nnd  call  her;  but  he  told  him  "No,  for 
he  did  not  know  but  the  Indians  would  come  down 
and  kill  him  before  he  could  get  back  again."*  He 
said  that,  if  Mounthope,  or  Pocasset  Indians  could 
catch  him,  he  believed  they  would  knock  him  on  the 
Iiead ;  but  all  Sogkonate  Indians  knew  him  very  well, 
and  lie  believed  none  of  them  would  hurt  him.  In 
short,  Mr.  Church  refused,  then,  to  tarry;  but  pro- 
mised that  lie  would  come  over  again  and  speak  with 
Awashonks,  and  some  other  Indians  that  he  had  a 
mind  to  talk  with. 

Accordingly  he  [directed]^  him  to  notify  Awa- 
siionks,  her  son  Peter,*  their  chief  Captain,  and  one 
iVonipashf  (an  Indian  that  Mr.  Churcii  had,  former- 
ly, a  particular  respect  for)  to  meet  him  two  days 
after,  at  a  rock  at  tiic  lower  end  of  Captain  Rich- 
luond'sj  farm,  which  was  a  very  noted  place.  And 
if  that  day  should  prove  stormy,  or  windy,  they  were 
to  expect  him  the  next  moderate  day ;  Mr.  Church 
telling  George,  tliat  ho  would  have  him  come  with 
the  person:-;  mentioned,  and  no  more.  Tiiey  gave 
each  other  their  hands  upon  it,  [and]  parted. 

Mr.  Ciiurch  went  home,  and  tlie  next  morning  to 

j\c\vport;  and  informed  the  government  of  what  had 

j)assed  between  him  and  the  Sogkonate  Indians  ;  and 

desired  tiieir  permit  for  him,  and  Daniel  Wilcox§  (a 

1  [appointed] 

*  See  note  1,  on  page  57. 

t  In  anothor  ]>lace  his  name  is  spelt  Ntimposh.  He  was 
Cajilain  of  llie  Sogkonate  or  Secoiiale  buiians  i:i  "  the  iirst 
expndition  oa>;t." 

+  Tills  rock  is  near  the  water  a  little  north  of  where  they 
then  were. 

§  The  fatal  10  November,  1825,  allows  mc  only  to  say  of 
iliis  person  that  descendants  in  the  fourtli  generation  (I 
think)  are  found  in  Newbedford.  See  page  iv,  of  my  pre* 
face. 


i~-=r- 


1 1 


i:f 


18 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


man  that  well  understood  the  Indian  hmj^uage,)  to 
11,0  over  to  them.  They  told  him,  that  they  thought 
he  was  mad ;  after  such  service  us  he  had  done,  and 
sucli  dangers  that  .he  [had]  escaped,  now  to  throw 
awa?  his  life;  for  the  rogues  would  as  certainly  kill 
him  as  ever  he  went  over.  And  utterly  refused  to 
grant  his  permit,  or  to  be  willing  that  he  should  run 
the  risk. 

Mr.  Church  told  them,  that  it  ever  had  been  in 
his  thoughts,  since  the  war  broke  out,  that  if  he 
could  discourse  the  Sogkonate  Indians,  he  could  draw 
them  olF  from  Philip,  and  employ  them  against  him  ; 
but  could  not,  till  now,  never  have  an  opportunity  to 
speak  with  any  of  them,  and  was  very  loath  to  lose 
it,  &,c.  At  length  they  told  him,  [that]  if  he  would 
go,  it  should  be  only  with  the  two  Indians  diat  came 
with  him;  but  they  would  give  him  no  permit  under 
their  hands. 

lie  took  his  leave  of  tliem,  resolving  to  prosecute 
his  design.  They  told  him,  they  were  sorry  to  see 
him  so  resolute,  nor  if  he  went  did  they  ever  expect 
to  see  his  face  again. 

lie  bought  a  bottle  of  rum,  and  a  small  roll  of 
tobacco,  to  carry  with  him,  and  returned  to  his 
family. 

The  next  day,  being  the  day  appointed  for  the 
meeting,  he  prepared  two  light  canoes  for  the  de- 
sign, and  his  own  man  with  the  two  Indians  for  his 
company.  He  used  such  arguments  with  his  tender 
and  now  almost  broken  hearted  wile,  from  tiie  expe- 
rience of  former  preservations,  and  the  prospect  of 
the  great  service  he  might  do,  (might  it  please  God 
io  succeed  his  design,  it-c.,)  that  he  obtained  her 
consent  to  his  attempt.  And  committing  her,  the 
babes,  and  himself  to  heaven's  j)rotection,  he  set 
out. 

They  had,  from  the  shore,  aljout  a  league  to  pad- 
dle. Drawing  near  the  place,  they  saw  the  Indians 
sitting  on  the  bank,  waiting  for  tiieir  coming.     Mr 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


79 


Church  sent  one  of  his  Indians  ashore  in  one  of  tlie 
canoes  to  see  whether  tliey  were  the  same  Indians 
wliom  he  had  appointed  to  meet  him,  and  no  more  : 
And  if  so,  to  stay  ashore  and  send  George  to  fetch 
him.  Accordingly  George  came  and  fetclied  Mr. 
Church  ashore,  while  the  other  canoe  played  off"  to 
see  the  event,  and  to  carry  tidings,  if  the  Indians 
siiould  prove  false. 

Mr.  Cliurch  asked  George  whether  Awashonlcs 
and  the  other  Indians  [that]  he  appointed  to  meet 
him  were  there'?  He  answered  [that]  they  were. 
He  then  asked  him  if  there  were  no  more  than  they, 
wliom  he  appointed  to  bo  there  ?  To  which  he 
would  give  no  direct  answer.  However,  ho  went 
asliore  ;  when  he  was  no  sooner  landed,  but  Awa- 
shonks  and  the  rest  that  he  had  appointed  to  meet 
^  him  there,  rose  up  and  came  down  to  meet  him;  and 
each  of  tliem  successively  gave  him  their  hands,  and 
expressed  llieniselvcs  glad  to  see  him,  and  gave  him 
tlianks  for  exposing  himself  to  visit  them.  They 
walked  together  about  a  gun  shot  from  the  water, 
to  a  convenient  place  to  sit  down,  where  at  once 
rose  u{)  a  great  body  of  Inu'.ans,  who  had  lain  hid 
in  the  grass,  (that  was  [as]  high  as  a  man's  waist; 
and  gatiiercMl  round  tliem,  till  tiiey  had  closed  them 
in  ;  being  all  armed  with  guns,  spears,  hatchets,  &C. 
with  their  hairs  trininvKl,  and  faces  painted,  in  their 
warlike  appearance. 

It  was  (loiibtiess  somewhat  surprismg  to  our  gen- 
tleman at  fust,  but  without  any  visible  discovery  of 
it,  after  a  timall  silent  pause  on  each  side,  he  spoke 
to  Awashonks,  and  told  lier,  that  Cioorge  had  inform- 
ed him  that  slie  had  a  desire  to  see  him,  and  dis- 
course about  making  peace  with  the  English.  She 
answered  "Yes."  "Then,"  said  Mr.  Church,  "  it  is 
customary  when  people  meet  to  treat  of  peace,  to 
lay  aside  their  arms,  and  not  to  appear  in  such  hos- 
tile form  as  your  people  do."  [He]  desired  of  her, 
that  if  the}  might  talk  about  peace,  wiiicli  he  desir- 


m 


80 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


ed  they  might,  her  men  might  lay  aside  their  arms, 
and  appear  more  treatable.  Upon  which  there  be- 
gan a  considerable  noise  and  murmur  among  them 
in  their  own  language,  till  Awashonks  asked  him 
what  arms  they  should  lay  down,  and  where '?  He 
(perceiving  the  Indians  looked  very  surly  and  much 
displeased)  replied,  "Only  their  guns  at  some  small 
distance,  for  formality's  sake."  Upon  which  with  one 
consent,  they  laid  aside  their  guns  and  came  and  sat 
down. 

Mr.  Church  pulled  out  his  calabash,  and  asked 
Awashonks  whether  she  had  lived  so  long  at  Wetu- 
set,*  as  to  forget  to  drink  occapeches'?f  and  drink- 
ing to  her,  ho  perceived  that  she  watched  him  very 
diligently,  to  see  (as  he  thought)  whether  iie  swal- 
lowed any  of  the  rum.  He  oflered  her  the  shell, 
but  she  desired  him  to  drink  again  first.  He  then 
told  her,  [that]  there  was  no  poison  in  it ;  and  pour- 
ing some  into  the  palm  of  his  hand,  sipped  it  up. 
Aiid  took  tlie  shell  and  drank  to  her  again,  and  drank 
a  good  swig,  which  indeed  was  no  more  than  he 
needed.  Then  they  all  standing  up,  he  said  to 
Awashonks,  "  You  wont  drink  for  fear  there  should 
be  poison  in  it,"  and  then  handed  it  to  a  little  ill 
looking  fellow,  who  ciitchcd  it  readily  enough,  and 
as  greedily  would  have  swallowed  the  liquor  when  he 
hud  it  at  his  mouth.  But  Mr.  Church  catched  him 
by  the  throat,  and  took  it  from,  him,  asking  him 
whether  he  intended  to  swallow  shell  and  all '/  and 
then  iianded  it  to  Awashonks.  Slie  ventured  to  take 
a  good  hearty  dram,  and  passed  it  among  her  atten- 
dants. 

The  shell  being  emptied,  he  pulled  out  his  to- 
bacco ;  and  having  distributed  it,  tl.ey  began  to 
talk. 

Awashonks  demanded  of  him  the  reason,  why  he 
had  not  (agreeable  to  his  promise  when  slje  saw  him 

•  Wachusct.     See  iiote  1,  on  p.  69. 

+  Commonly  heard  as  thougl.  written  okape,  or  nchape. 


P 


if'!!; 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


81 


ii. 


last)  been  down  at  Sogkonate  before  now  7  Sav  mg, 
that  i)rob!ibly  if  he  had  come  then,  according  to  his 
promise,  they  had  never  joined  with  Philip  against 
the  English. 

He  told  her  [tliat]  he  was  prevented  by  the  war's 
breaking  out  so  suddenly  ;  and  yet,  he  was  after- 
wards coming  down,  and  came  as  far  as  Punkatees, 
.where  a  great  many  Indians  set  upon  him,  and  fought 
him  a  whole  afternoon,  though  he  did  not  come  pre- 
pjirod  to  fight,  [and]  had  but  nineteen  men  with  him, 
whose  chief  design  was  to  gain  an  opportunity  to 
discourse  some  Sogkonate  Indians.  Upon  this  there 
at  once  arose  a  mighty  murmur,  confused  noise  and 
talk  among  the  fierce  looking  creatures,  and  all  ris- 
ing up  in  a  Imbbub.  And  a  great  surly  looking  fel- 
low took  up  his  tomhog,  or  wooden  cutlass  to  kill 
Mr.  (.'hurch,  but  som.e  others  prevented  him. 

The  interpreter  asked  Mr.  Church,  if  he  up'ler- 
stood  what  it  was  that  the  great  fellow  (they  had 
hold  of)  said?  He  answered  him  "No."  '•  WMiy" 
said  the  interpreter,  "  he  says  [that]  you  killed  iiis 
brother  at  Punkatees,  and  therefore  he  thirsts  for 
your  blood."  Mr.  Church  bid  the  interpreter  tell 
him  that  his  brotlier  began  first;  that  if  he  had  kept 
at  Sogkonate,  according  to  his  desire  and  order,  he 
should  not  have  hurt  him. 

Then  the  chief  Captain  commanded  silence;  and 
told  tiicm  that  they  should  talk  no  more  about  old 
things,  d:c.,  and  (juelled  the  tuniult,  so  that  they  sat 
down  again,  and  began  upon  a  discourse  of  making 
peace  with  the  English.  Mr.  Church  asked  them  what 
prop<>sals  they  would  make,  and  on  what  terms  they 
would  break  their  league  with  Philip'?  Desiring 
them  to  make  some  proposals  that  he  ntight  carry  to 
his  masters  :  telling  them  that  it  was  not  in  his  pow- 
er to  conclude  a  ))eacc  with  them,  but  that  he  know 
that  if  their  proposals  were  reasonable,  the  govern- 
ment would  not  be  unreasonable  ;  and  that  he  would 
use  his  interest  with  the  goveriuaent  for  tliem ;  and 
u  6 


i'^'  ft. 


63 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  encourage!  tlujtn  to  proceed,  put  tlii-m  in  mind 
that  tlie  IVcjuots^^  once  made  war  with  the  English, 
and  tiiat  after  they  subjected  themselvci?  to  the  Eng- 
lish, the  English  became  their  protectors,  and  do- 
fended  them  against  other  nationsf  that  would  other- 
wise have  destroyed  them,  &c. 

After  some  further  discourse  and  debate  he  brougiit 
them  at  length  to  consent,  that  if  the  government  of 
Plymouth  would  firmlv  engage  to  them,  that  they 
and  ail  of  tliem,  and  tiuir  wives  and  children  should 
have  their  lives  spared,  and  none  of  them  transport- 
ed out  of  the  country,  they  would  subject  themselves 
to  theni,  and  serve  them,  in  what  tiiey  were  able. 

Then  Mr.  Church  told  them,  that  he  was  well 
satisfied  the  government  of  Plymouth  would  readily 
concur  with  what  they  proposed,  and  would  sign 
their  articles.  And  complimenting  them  upon  it, 
how  pleased  he  was  with  the  thoughts  of  their  re- 
turn, and  of  the  former  friendship  that  had  been  be- 
tween them,  etc. 

The  chief  Captain  rose  up,  and  expressed  the 
great  value  and  respect  he  had  for  Mr.  Church ;  and 
bowing  to  him,  said,  "  Sir,  if  you  will  |)loase  to  ac- 
cept of  me  and  my  men,  and  will  head  us,  wo  will 
fight  for  you,  and  will  help  you  to  Philip's  head  be- 
fore the  Indian  corn  be  ripe."  And  when  he  had 
ended, they  nil  expressed  their  consent  to  what  he 
said,  and  told  Mr.  Church  [that]  they  loved  him, 
and  were  willing  to  go  with  him,  and  fight  for  hiiu 
as  long  as  the  I'^nglisli  had  one  enemy  left  in  the 
country. 

Mr.  Church  assured  them,  that  if  they  proved  as 
good  as  their  word,  they  should  find  him  theirs,  and 
their  children's  fast  friend.  And  (by  the  way)  the 
friendship  is  maintained  between  them  to  this  day. J 

•  See  a  history  of  this  war  in  the  Appendix,  No.  IV. 

t  The  Narragansets.     See  first  note  to  Philip's  war. 

1 1716,  They  consisted  now,  probably  of  no  more  than 
200  persons. 


h'  '■ ! 


u- 


PHILIi-S  WAP 


63 


Thru  he  proposed  unto  them,  that  they  should 
choose  live  men  to  go  strait  with  him  to  Plymouth. 
They  told  him  "  No,  they  would  not  choose,  but  he 
should  take  which  five  he  pleased."  Some  compli- 
nieu'i  passed  ah'  it,  at  length  it  was  agreed,  [f'  at] 
th^'y  should  ehu.s!  three,  and  he  two.  Then  he 
agreed  that  he  VvUvdd  go  back  to  the  island  tint 
night,  and  would  come  to  them  the  next  morning, 
and  go  through  the  woods  to  Plymouth.  IJut  they 
alterwards  oI)jectcd,  [for]'  his  travelling  through 
the  woods  w  ould  not  be  safe  for  him ;  [that]  the 
enemy  ntig'.it  meet  with  them  r-u)  !<iii  him,  and  then 
they  should  lose  their  friend  and  Ihi  whole  design 
[would  be]  ruined  beside.  And  therefore  proposed 
that  he  should  come  in  an  English  vessel,  and  they 
would  meet  him,  and  co«i-e  c.  board  at  Sogkonate 
p  tit,  and  sail  from  ih.ence  to  Sandwich,  which  in 
1  Hv   was  concluded  upon. 

So  Mr.  Church  promising  to  come  as  soon  as  he 
could  possibly  obtain  a  vessel,  and  then  they  parted. 

lie  returned  to  the  island  and  was  at  great  pains 
and  charge  to  get  a  vessel ;  but  with  unaccountable 
disap])ointments,  sometimes  by  the  falseness,  and 
sometimes  by  the  fainthgartcdness  of  men  that  he 
bargained  with,  and  something  by  'vind  and  weather, 
die. :  Until  at  length  Mr.  Anthony  Low*  put  in  to 
the  harboiu"  with  a  loaded  vessel  bound  to  ♦he 
w<;stward,  and  being  made  accpiainted  with  ^^Ir 
Cuureh's  case,  told  him,  that  he  had  so  much  kinil- 
ness  for  him,  and  was  so  pleased  .  ith  the  business 
he  war,  engageil  in,  that  he  would  >•  i  ihe  venture  of 
his  vessel  and  cargo  to  wait  upon  nii 

Accordingly,  next  morning  th<  y  set  sail  with  a 
wind  that  soon  brought  them  to  Sogkonate  Doint. 
But  coming  there   they  met  with  a  contrary  wind, 


and  a  great  swelling  sea. 


[tliat] 


•  A((pr  imicli  srarcii  I  can  ascertain  notiiinp;  of  this  person. 
The  name  is  coniinoii  in  our  country  at  .'li    day. 


m 


\i 


'i; 


I-   ■■ 


•II 


IM 


84 


PHILIP'S    WAll 


Tlie  Indians  wen  there  vvaitini,  upon  tho  rocks, 
but  Ijful  nothi..,.  ijai  a  misuruble  broken  canoe  to 
got  nbfv.ird  in  ;  }vl  Peter  Awaslionks  vemurcd  off  in 
it,  and  .vith  a  i^reat  deal  of  dilHcidty  and  dang  r 
got  aboard.  And  by  this  time  it  began  to  rain  v,r^^l 
blow  exceedingly,  and  forced  them  up  the  sound ; 
and  then  [theyj  went  away  through  Bristol  ferry, 
round  the  island  to  Newport,  carrying  Peter  with 
them. 

Then  Mr.  Church  dismissed  Mr.  Low,  and  told 
him,  that  inasmuch  as  Providence  opposed  his  going 
by  water,  and  he  expected  tiiat  the  army  would  be 
up  in  a  few  days,  and  probably,  if  he  should  bo  gone 
at  that  juncture,  it  might  ruin  the  whole  design ;  [he] 
would  therefore  yield  his  voyage. 

Tlicn  he  writ  the  account  of  his  transactions  with 
tlie  Indians,  and  drew  up  the  proposals,  and  articles 
of  peace,  and  despatched  Peter  with  them  to  Ply- 
mouth, that  his  honour  the  Governour,  if  he  saw 
cause,  might  sign  them. 

Peter  was  sent  over  to  Sogkonate  on  Lord's  day* 
morning,  with  orders  to  take  those  men  that  were 
cliosen  to  go  down,  or  some  of  them,  at  least,  with 
iiim.  The  time  being  expired  that  was  appointed 
for  tlie  E.inlijh  army  to  come,  there  was  great  look- 
ing for  111  in.  Mr.  Church,  on  the  Monday  morning, 
(partlv  >  <rnort  himself  after  his  fatigue,  and  partly 
to  list<  I'  i\)r  the  army)  rode  out  with  his  wife,  and 
pome  of  \i\-  friends  to  Portsmouth, f  under  a  pre- 
tence of  cherrying ;  but  came  homo  without  any 
news^  from  the  army.  IJut  by  midnight,  or  sooner, 
he  was  roused  with  an  express  from  Major  Bradford, 
who  was  arrived  with  the  army  at  Pocasset,  to  whom 
he  fortliwith  repaired, J   and   informed  him   of  the 

*  .Tuly  9. 

t  The  island  of  Rhodeislanil  is  divided  into  S  towns  ;  New 
port  in  the  south,  Middletown,  and  Portsmouth  in  the  north. 

t  July  11. 


IJIILIP'S  WAR. 


es 


a  great  army, 

<!(lings  with 

>rve  order, 

'h'I/  g  liurt  by 

'I  her  people 

he  I'ouiid 

>i     letn ;  that 


whole  of  his  proceedings  with  the  Sogkonate  In- 
dians. 

With  the  Major's  consent  and  advice,  he  returned 
again  next  morning  to  the  island  in  order  to  go  over 
that  way  to  Awashonks,  to  inform  her  that  the  army 
was  arrived,  &,c. 

Accordingly  from  Sachueeset  neck*  ho  went  in  a 
canoe  to  Sogkonate.  [He]  told  lior  that  Major 
Bradford  was  arrived  at  Pocasset  wi 
whom  he  had  informed  of  all  th( 
her ;  that  if  she  would  be  advised,  u 
she  nor  her  people  need  not  to  f 
them;  told  her  [that]  she  should  .. 
down  into  the  nock,  lest  if  thcv 
strangling  about, mischief  might  ligl 
on  llie  morrow  they  would  come  down  and  receive 
her  and  give  her  farther  orders. 

She  promised  to  get  as  many  of  her  people  to- 
gether as  possibly  she  could;  desiring  Mr.  Church 
to  consider  that  it  would  be  difficult  for  to  get  tliem 
together  at  such  short  warning. 

Mr.  Church  returned  to  tlie  island  and  to  the  army 
the  same  night. 

The  next  morningf  the  whole  army  marched  to- 
wards Sogkonate,  as  fur  as  Punkatees,  and  Mr. 
Church  with  a  few  men  went  down  to  Sogkon:  to  to 
call  Awashonks  and  her  people,  to  come;  u[^  to  the 
English  camp.  As  he  was  going  down  tii(;y  met 
with  a  Pocasset  Indian,  who  had  killed  a  cow,  and 
got  a  quarter  of  her  on  his  back,  and  her  tongue  in 
his  pocket.  [He]'  gave  them  an  account,  tiiut  he 
came  from  Pocasset  two  days  since  in  compiiny  with 
his  mother,  and  several  other  Indians,  now  hid  in  a 
svvajnp  above  Nonquid.J  Disarming  of  him,  he  sent 
him  by  two  men  to  Major  Bradford,  and  proceeded 

1  [who] 

•  (The  southeast  corner  of  Rhodcisland.) 
t  July  13  }  (In  Tiverton.) 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0     If 


I.I 


1.25 


128 


3.2 


Hi  uk 


20 

1.8 


1.4    II  1.6 


6" 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^^ 


!\ 


i\ 


\ 


-'''^^ 


% 


X 


& 


'%^ 


%    Mis 


86 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  Sogkonate.  They  saw  several  Indians  by  the  way 
skulking  about  but  let  them  pass. 

Arriving  at  Awashonks  camp,  [he]  told  hei  [that] 
he  was  come  to  invite  her  and  her  people  up  to  Pun- 
katees,*  where  Major  Bradford  now  was  with  the 
Plymouth  army,  expecting  her  and  her  subjects  to 
receive  orders,  until  further  order  could  be  had  from 
the  government.  She  complied,  and  soon  sent  out 
orders  for  such  of  her  subjects  as  were  not  with  her, 
immediately  to  come  in.  And  by  twelve  o'clock  of 
next  day,  she  with  most  of  her  number  appeared 
before  the  English  camp  at  Punkatees.  Mr.  Church 
tendered  [himself  to]  the  Major  to  serve  under  his 
commission,  provided  the  Indians  might  be  accepted 
with  him,  to  fight  the  enemy.  The  Major  told  him, 
[that]  his  orders  were  to  improve  him  if  he  pleased, 
but  as  for  the  Indians  he  would  not  be  concerned 
with  them.  And  presently  gave  forth  orders  for 
Awashonks,  and  all  her  subjects,  both  men,  women 
and  children,  to  repair  to  Sandwich  ;f  and  to  be 
there  upon  peril,  in  six  days.  Awashonks  and  her 
chiefs  gathered  round  Mr.  Church,  (where  he  was 
walked  o If  from  the  rest)  [and]  expressed  themselves 
concerned  that  they  could  not  be  confided  in,  nor 
improvctl.  He  told  them,  [that]  it  was  best  to  obey 
orders,  and  that  if  he  could  not  accompany  them  to 
Sandwich,  it  should  not  be  above  a  week  before  he 
would  meet  them  there  :  that  he  was  confident  the 
Governonr  would  commission  him  to  improve  them. 

The  Major  hsistened  to  send  them  away  with  Jack 
Havens  (an  Indian  who  had  never  been  in  the  wars) 
in  tiu!  front,  with  a  flag  of  truce  in  his  hand. 

"  (Adjoining  Foplanil  ferry.) 

Tlif  j^pojsiaiihy  of  this  place,  with  respect  to  extent  and 
situation,  has  Ite^n  given  on  jiage  40,  note  1. 

t  A  town  lirtween  t'lymouth  and  Barnstable,  on  Cape  CoJ. 
If  the  Major  were  arl.itrary  in  gi.ing  this  order,  he  was  lib- 
eral with  the  time,  as  the  distance  was  not  above  50  miles 
hy  way  t)f  Plymouth,  and  perhaps  no  more^ian  30  through 
tfic  woods. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


87 


They  being  gone,  Mr.  Church  by  the  help  of  his 
man  Toby,  (the  Indian  whom  he  had  taken  prisoner 
as  he  was  going  down  to  Sogkonate)  took  said  To- 
by's mother,  and  those  that  were  with  her,  prisoners. 

Next  morning  the  whole  army  moved  back  to  Po- 
casset.  This  Toby  informed  them  that  there  were 
a  great  many  Indians  gone  down  to  Wepoiset*  to 
eat  clams ;  (other  provisions  being  very  scarce  with 
them)  that  rhilip  himself  was  expected  within  three 
or  four  days  at  the  same  place.  Being  asked  what 
Indians  they  were  *?  he  answered,  "  Some  Weeta- 
more's  Indians;  some  Mounthope  Indians;  some 
Narraganset  Indians ;  and  some  other  upland  In- 
dians ;  in  all,  about  three  hundred." 

The  Rhodeisland  boats,  by  the  Major's  order, 
meeting  them  at  Pocasset,  they  were  soon  embarked. 
It  being  just  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  they  could 
plainly  discover  the  enemies'  fires  at  the  place  the 
Indian  directed  to,  and  the  army  concluded  no  other, 
but  [that]  they  were  bound  directly  thither,  until 
they  came  to  the  north  end  of  the  island  and  heard 
the  word  of  command  for  the  boats  to  bear  away. 

Mr.  Church  was  very  fond  of  having  this  probable 
opportunity  of  surprising  that  whole  company  of  In- 
dians embraced;  but  orders,  it  was  said  must  be 
obeyed,  which  were  to  go  to  Mounthope,  and  there 
to  fight  Philip. 

This  with  some  other  good  opportunities  of  doing 
spoil  upon  the  enemy,  being  unhappily  missed,f  Mr. 
Church  obtained  the  Major's  consent  to  meet  the 
Sogkonate  Indians,  according  to  his  promise.  He  was 
offered  a  guard  to  Plymouth,  but  chose  to  go  with 
one  man  only,  who  was  a  good  pilot. 

About  sunsetjj  he,  with  Sabiu^  his  pilot,  mounted 

•  In  Swanzey. 

tThe  cause  of  this  ill  timed  manoeuvre  of  the  army  must 
remain' a  mystery.  f  July  SO. 

§  As  this  name  does  not  occur  any  where  else  in  this  histo- 
ry, it  is  nat  nrobable  that  he  served  regularly  in  that  capa- 
city 


68 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


their  horses  at  Rehoboth,  where  tlie  ..rtny  now  was, 
and  by  two  hours  by  sun  next  morning,  arrived  safe 
at  Plymouth.  And  by  that  time  they  had  refreshed 
themselves,  the  Governour  and  Treasurer*  came  to 
town.  Mr.  Church  gave  them  a  short  account  of  the 
affairs  of  the  army,  &c.  His  honour  was  pleased  to 
give  him  tlianks  for  the  good  and  great  service  lie 
had  done  at  Sogkonato ;  [and]  told  him,  [that]  he 
had  confirmed  all  that  he  had  promised  Awashonks, 
and  had  sent  the  Indian  back  again  that  [had] 
brought  his  Ictter.f  He  asked  his  iionour  whether 
he  had  any  thing  later  from  Awashonks  7  lis  told 
him  [that]  he  had  not.  Whereupon  he  gave  his 
honour  an  account  of  the  Major'?  orders  relating  to 
her  and  hers,  and  what  discourse  had  passed  pro  and 
con,  about  them ;  and  that  he  had  promised  to  meet 
them,  and  that  he  had  encouraged  them  that  he 
thought  he  miifht  obtsiin  of  his  honour  a  commission 
to  lead  them  forth  to  fight  Philip.  His  honour  smi- 
lingly told  him,  that  he  should  not  want  commission 
if  he  would  accept  it,  nor  yet  good  Englishmen 
enough  to  make  up  a  good  army. 

But  in  short  he  told  his  honour  [that]  the  time  had 
expired  that  he  had  appointed  to  meet  the  Sogko- 

The   Governour  asked    him 

He  told  him,  that  afternoon  by 

The  Govr-nour  asked  him  how 

'ii"?    He  answered, 

virder  to  take  more 


nates  at   Sandwich. 

when  he  would  go  7 

his  honour's  leave. 

many  men  he  would  have  wi 

not  above  half  a  dozen;  with 


at  Sandwich,  if  he  saw  cause,  and  horses  provided. 
He  no  sooner  moved  it,  but  had  his  number  of  men 
tendering  to  go  with  him ;  among  [whom]  ^  were  Mr. 

1  [which] 


*  Mr.  Southworth. 

t  This  letter  contained  an  answer  to  the  account  of  bis 
meeting  Awashonks,  before  relatsd,  which  was  sent  from  tb^ 
island  by  Peter. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


89 


Jal)ezIIovvland,*ancl  Nathaniel  Soathworth.-j-  They 
went  to  Sandwich  that  night,  where  Mr.  Church  (with 
need  enou<fh)  took  a  nap  of  sleep.  The  next  morn- 
ing, with  about  sixteen  or  eighteen  men,  he  proceed- 
ed as  far  as  Agawom,J  where  they  had  great  expec- 
tation of  meeting  the  Indians,  but  met  them  not. 
His  men  being  discouraged,  about  half  of  them  re-  • 
turned.  Only  half  a  dozen  stuck  by  him,  and  pro- 
mised so  to  do  until  they  should  meet  with  the  In- 
dians. 

When  they  came  to  Sippicany  river,  Mr.  How- 
land  began  to  tire,  upon  which  Mr.  Church  left  him 
and  two  more,  for  a  reserve,  at  the  river;  that  if  he 
should  meet  with  enemies,  and  be  forced  back,  they 
might  be  ready  to  assist  them  in  getting  over  tlie 
river.  Proceeding  in  their  march,  they  crossed 
another  river,  and  opened  a  great  bay,||  where  they 
might  see  many  miles  along  sliore,  where  were  sands 
and  flats ;  and  hearing  a  great  noise~below  them,  to- 
wards the  sea,  they  dismounted  their  horses ;  left 
them,  and  creeped  among  tlie  bushes,  until  tliey 
came  near  the  bank,  and  saw  a  vast  company  of  In- 

*  Little  more  than  the  pages  of  this  history  furnish,  am  I 
ahle  to  communicate  of  the  worthy  Howland.  More,  but 
''or  'he  fatal  winds,  or  more  fatal  flames  of  Courtstreet  might 
have  been  told.  He  was  a  son  of  the  venerable  John  How- 
land  of  Carver's  family,  (whose  name  is  the  13th  to  that 
memorable  instrument,  or  first  foundation  of  government  in 
Ncwengland,  which  may  be  seen  in  Appendix,  HI,  with  the 
other  signers.)  As  I  am  informed  by  my  worthy  friend,  Mr. 
Isaac  Howland  of  Westport,  who  is  also  a  descendant. 

t  This  gentleman  was  with  Mr.  Church  in  his  first  and 
second  expeditions  to  the  eastward,  as  will  be  seen  in  those 
expeditions.     I  learn  nothing  more  of  him. 

f  A  small  river  in  Rochester.  Several  places  were  known 
by  this  name.  Our  Plymouth  fathers  proposed  to  go  to  a 
lace  about  twenty  leagues  to  the  northward,  known  to  them 
l)y  the  name  of  Agawam,  (now  Ipswich.)    Morton,  20. 

§  (Rochester.) 

II  Buzzard's  bay. 


90 


PHILIP'S  ^V.vR. 


dians,  of  all  ages  and  sexes ;  some  on  horseback 
running  races;  some  at  football ;  some  catching  eels 
and  Hat  fisii  in  the  water ;  some  clamming,  &,c. ; 
but,  which  way,  with  safety,  to  find  out  what  Indians 
they  were,  they  were  at  a  loss. 

Hut  at  length,  retiring  into  a  thicket,  Mr.  Churclr 
liallooed  to  them.  Thoy  soon  answered  him,  and  u 
•iouple  of  smart  young  fellows,  well  mounted,  came 
upon  a  full  career  to  see  whom  it  might  be  that  call- 
ed, and  came  just  upon  Mr.  Cimrch  before  they  dis- 
covered him.  But  when  they  perceived  themselves 
so  near  Englishmen,  and  armed,  were  much  surpris- 
ed ;  and  lacked  short  about  to  run  as  fast  back  as 
tiiey  came  forward,  until  one  of  the  men  in  the  bushes 
calletl  to  them,  and  told  them  his  name  was  Church, 
and  [they]  need  not  fear  his  hurting  of  them.  Upon 
which  after  a  small  pause,  they  turned  about  their 
horses,  and  came  up  to  him.  One  of  them  that 
could  speak  English,  Mr.  Church  took  aside  and  ex- 
amined ;  wiio  informed  him,  that  the  Indians  below 
were  Awashopks  and  her  company,  and  that  Jack 
Havens  was  among  them ;  whom  Mr.  Church  imme- 
diately sent  for  to  come  to  him,  and  ordered  the  mes- 
senger to  inform  Awashonks  that  he  was  come  to 
meet  her.  Jack  Havens  soon  cnme,  and  by  tliat 
time  Mr.  Church  had  asked  him  a  few  questions,  and 
had  been  satisfied  by  him,  that  it  was  Awashonks 
and  her  company  that  were  below,  and  that  Jack  had 
been  kindly  treated  by  them,  a  company  of  Indians 
all  mounted  on  horseback,  and  well  armed,  came 
ding  up  to  Mr.  Church,  but  treated  him  with  all 
..  "!  respects.  He  then  ordered  Jack  to  go  [and] 
Awashonks,  that  he  designed  to  sup  with  her  in 
tt.j  evening,  and  to  lodge  in  her  camp  that  night. 
Then  taking  some  of  the  Indians  with  him,  he  went 
back  to  the  river  to  take  care  of  Mr.  Ilowland. 

Mr.  Church  having  a  mind  to  try  what  mettle  he 
was  made  of,  imparted  his  notion  to  the  Imlians  that 
were  with  him,  and  gave  them  directions  how  to  act 


PHILIP'S  WAK 


91 


lhf;ir  parts.  When  he  came  pretty  near  the  place, 
lie  and  his  Englishmen  pretendedly  fled,  firing  on 
ihoir  retreat  towards  the  Indians  that  pursued  them, 
and  they  firing  as  fiist  after  tiicm.  Mr.  Hovvland 
being  upon  his  guard,  hearing  the  guns,  and  by  and 
by  seeing  the  motion  both  of  the  English  and  In- 
dians, concluded  [that]  his  friends  were  distressed, 
and  was  soon  on  the  full  career  on  horseback  to  meet 
them ;  [when]'  he  [perceived]*^  their  laughing,  [and] 
mistrusted  the  truth. 

As  soon  as  Mr.  Church  had  given  him  the  news, 
they  hastened  away  to  Awashonks.  Upon  tiieir  ar- 
rival, they  were  immediately  conducted  to  a  shelter 
open  on  one  side  whither  Awashonks  and  her  chiefs 
soon  came,  and  paid  tlicir  respects ;  and  the  multi- 
tudes gave  shouts  as  made  the  heavens  t«)  ring. 

It  being  now  fibout  sunsetting,  or  near  the  dusk 
of  tlie  evening,  the  Nctops*  came  running  from  all 
quarters  loaden  with  the  tops  of  dry  pines,  and  the 
like  combustible  matter,  making  a  huge  pile  there- 
of, near  Mr.  Churcli's  shelter,  on  tlie  open  side 
thereof.  But  by  this  time  supper  was  brought  in, 
in  three  dislies ;  viz.,  a  curious  young  bass  in  one 
dish  ;  eels  and  flat  fish  in  a  second ;  and  shell  fish 
in  a  third.  But  neither  bread  nor  salt  to  be  seen  at 
table.  But  by  that  time  supper  was  over,  the  mighty 
pile  of  pine  knots  and  tops,  &,c.,  was  fired ;  and  all 
the  Indians,  great  and  small,  gathered  in  a  ring 
round  it,  Awashonks,  with  the  oldest  of  her  people, 
men  and  women  mixed,  kneeling  down,  made  the 
first  ring  next  the  fire ;  and  all  the  lusty  stout  men, 
1  [until]  2  [perceiving] 

•  This  name  is  used  by  our  author,  I  suspect,  in  the  same 
sense  as  other  writers  use  that  of  sannop.  See  Winthrop's 
Journal,  sub  anno  1630,  and  Hubbard,  Nar.  30,  where  it  ap- 
pears  to  bean  Indian  word  emplpyed  by  the  sachems  as  a 
common  name  for  their  men.  The  latter  author  spelt  it 
sannap.  Nipnet  was  a  p:eneral  name  for  all  inland  Indians 
between  the  Massacl.usetts-  and  Connecticut  river.     Ibid.  15 


\U 


92 


PHILIP'S  VV^AR. 


standing  up,  made  the  next,  and  tlion  all  ths  rabble 
in  a  confused  crew,  surrounded,  on  the  oulsjide. 

Then  tlie  chief  Captain  stepped  in  between  the 
rings  and  the  fire,  with  a  spear  in  one  hand,  and  a 
hatchet  in  the  other  ;  danced  round  the  fire,  and  be- 
gan to  fight  with  it;  making  mention  of  all  the  seve- 
ral nations  and  companies  of  Indians  in  the  coun- 
try, that  were  enjmies  to  the  English.  And  at 
naming  of  every  particular  tribe  of  Indians,  he  would 
draw  out  and  fight  a  new  firebrand;  and  at  finishing 
his  fight  with  each  particular  firebrand,  would  bow 
to  him,  and  thank  him ;  and  when  he  had  named  all 
the  several  nations  and  tribes,  and  fought  them  all, 
he  stuck  down  his  spear  and  hatchet,  and  came  out, 
and  another  steptin,  and  acted  over  the  same  dance, 
with  more  fury,  if  possible,  than  the  first;  and  when 
about  half  a  dozen  of  their  chiefs  had  thus  acted  their 
parts,  the  Captain  of  the  guard  stept  up  to  Mr. 
Clmrch,  and  told  him,  [that]  they  were  making  sol- 
diers for  him,  and  what  they  had  been  doing  was  all 
one  [as]  swearing  of  them.  And  having  in  that 
manner  engaged  all  the  stout  lusty  men,  Awashonks 
and  her  chiefs  came  to  Mr.  Church,  and  told  him, 
that  now  they  were  all  engaged  to  fight  for  the  Eng- 
lish, and  [that]  he  might  call  forth  all,  or  any  of 
them,  at  any  time,  as  he  saw  occasion,  to  fight  the 
enemy.  And  [then]  presented  him  v/ith  a  very  fine 
firelock. 

Mr.  Church  accepts  their  ofler,  drew  out  a  num- 
ber of  them,  and  set  out  next  morning  before  day 
for  Plymouth,  where  they  arrived  the  same  day. 

The  Governour  being  informed  of  it,  came  early 
to  town*  next  morning  ;f  and  by  that  time,  he  had 
Englishmen  enough  to  make  a  good  company,  when 
joined  with  Mr.  Church's  Ind.ans,  that  offered  their 

*  The  Governour  resided  at  Marshiield  a  few  milea  north 
of  Plymouth. 
t  July  23. 


PHILIP'S  War. 


83 


voluntary  service,  to  go  under  his  command  in  jucst 
of  the  enemy.  The  Governour  then  gave  him  a 
commission  which  is  as  follows. 

"  Captain  Benjamin  Church,  you  aie  hereby  no- 
minated, ordered,  commissioned,  and  empowered  to 
raise  a  company  of  volunteers  of  about  two  hundred 
men,  English  and  Indians ;  the  English  not  exceed- 
ing the  number  of  sixty,  of  which  company,  or  so 
many  of  them  as  you  can  obtain,  or  shall  see  cause  at 
present  to  improve,  you  are  to  take  the  command, 
conduct,  and  to  lead  them  forth  now  and  hereafter, 
at  such  time,  and  unto  such  places  within  this  colony, 
or  elsewhere  within  the  confederate  colonies,  as  you 
shall  think  fit ;  to  discover,  pursue,  fight,  surprise, 
destroy,  or  subdue  our  Indian  enemies,  or  any  part 
or  parties  of  them,  that  by  th(j  providence  of  God 
you  may  meet  v/ith,  or  them,  or  any  of  them,  by 
treaty  and  composition  to  receive  to  mercy,  if  you  see 
reason,  (provided  they  be  not  murderous  rogues,  or 
such  as  have  been  principal  actors  in  those  villanies.) 
And  forasmuch  as  your  company  may  be  uncertain, 
and  the  persons  often  changed,  you  are  also  here- 
by empowered  with  the  advice  of  your  company,  to 
choose  and  commissionate  a  Lieutenant,  and  to  es- 
tablish Sergeants,  and  Corporals  as  you  see  cause 
And  you  herein  improving  your  best  judgment  and 
discretion,  and  utmost  ability,  faithfully  to  serve  the 
interest  of  God,  his  Majesty's  interest,  and  the  inter- 
est of  the  colony  ;  and  carefully  governing  your  said 
company  at  home  and  abroad.  These  phall  be  unto 
you  full  and  ample  commission,  w  * -^nt  and  dis- 
charge. Given  under  the  publick  scai,  vhis  24th  day 
of  July,  1G76. 

Per  JOS.  WINSLOW,  Gwernmr:' 

Receiving  commission,  he  marched  the  san'e  night 
into  the  woods,  got  to  Middleborough*  before  day  ; 

•About  15  miles  from  Plymouth.  The  fruitful  waters  in 
this  town  and  the  plenty  of  game  in  its  woods,  caused  it  to 
be  a  principal  residence  for  Indians.     Mourt  says  (in  Prince, 


•TWY^Cv 


94 


PHILIP'S  WAIl. 


nml  ns  soon  as  tho  light  appeared,  to<»k  into  tho 
Woods  mid  swuinpy  tliickets,  towards  a  place  where 
they  liad  some  reason  to  expect  to  meet  with  a  par- 
col  of  Narruganset  Indians,  with  some  others  that 
l)elonjy;ed  to  Mounthope.  Coming  near  to  where 
they  expected  them,  Captain  Churcii's  Indian  scout 
discovered  tho  enemy  ;  and  well  observing  their  fires, 
and  postures,  returned  with  the  intelligence  to  their 
Captain;  who  gave  such  directions  for  the  surround- 
ing ol'  them,  us  had  the  desired  etlect ;  surprising 
them  from  every  side,  so  unexpectedly,  that  they 
were  all  taken,  not  so  much  as  one  escaped.* 

And  upon  a  strict  cxarnination,  they  gave  intelli- 
gence of  another  parcel  of  the  enemy,  at  a  place 
called  Munponset  pond.f  Captain  Church  hastening 
with  his  prisoners  througii  tho  woods  to  Plymouth, 

Chron.  101,)  "  thousands  of  mtn  have  lived  here,  who  died 
ol'tlie  ^rent  plncue,  iibout  S  years  before  our  arrival."  It 
was  suliject  to  Massassoit,  an!!  was  first  visited  by  tlie  Eng- 
lisli,  3  July,  ICil.  Mr.  Edward  Winslow,  and  Mr.  Stephen 
Hopkins  passed  (hrou;<;h  there,  on  their  way  to  visit  Massas- 
soit. They  saw  the  Itoncs  of  many  that  died  of  the  plai;ue, 
whore  their  haltitntions  liad  been.  Ibid,  llelicks  of  anti- 
quity are  oflrn  fo\»nd  to  this  day.  A  gentleman  lately  dig- 
ging lo  set  iMists  for  a  front  yard,  near  the  town  house,  discov- 
ered an  Indian  sepulchre.  It  contained  a  great  quantity  of 
heads  of  dilVerent  kinds,  with  munv  other  curiosities.  A 
remnant  of  a  tribe  oi'  Indians  now  lives  on  the  northeast  side 
of  t  he  great  Assawomset.  They  have  mixed  with  the  l)lacks, 
and  none  remain  of  clear  Idood.  The  last  that  remained  un- 
mi.xed,  was  a  nu\n  who  died  a  few  ynrs  since,  at  the  ago, 
it  was  supposed,  of  100  years.  He  went  by  the  name  of  Cv- 
mon.  ^^  hat  is  known  of  the  troubles  of  the  inhal)itants  in 
this  war  is  founil  scaltored  through  Mr.  Hubbard's  Narra- 
tive, in  Ilnfhus'  Hist.  Middleborough,  and  note  1,  for  page 
51,  of  this  work. 

•Wo  have  to  regret  that  our  author  does  not  tell  us  the 
number  which  he  tool*,  and  the  place  where  he  took  them. 
But  his  indefinite  mode  of  writing,  may,  in  part,  be  account- 
ed for,  by  the  consitleration,  that  it  is  given  after  nearly  forty 
vears,  iiostly  from  recollection;  especially  this  part  of  the 
history. 

t  A  small  pond  in  the  north  part  of  the  present  town  of 
Halifax. 


'\  I 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 

disposed  of  them  all,  exccptinjj,  only  one,  JoflTrcy, 
who  provinpf  very  inLi;t'nuou8  and  faithful  to  liini,  in 
inforriiinj?  where  other  parcels  of  Indians  luirhonrL'd, 
Captain  Chnreh  promised  him,  that  if  he  continiuul 
to  he  faithful  to  him,  ho  should  not  be  sold  out  of 
the  country,  but  shoidd  be  his  waiting  man,  to  take 
care  of  his  horse,  &c. ;  and  accordingly  he  served 
him  faithfully  as  long  as  ho  lived. 

But  Captain  Church  was  forthwith  sent  out  again, 
and  the  terms  for  his  encouragement  being  conclud- 
ed on,  viz.,  that  the  country  should  find  them  am- 
munition and  jirovision,  and  have  half  tlui  prisoners 
and  arms  [that]  they  took  :  The  Captain  and  his 
English  soldiers  to  have  the  otl\er  half  of  the  prison- 
ers and  arms  ;  and  the  Indian  soldiers  the  loose 
plunder.  Poor  encouragement  !  But  after  some 
•^  time  it  was  mended. 

Tiuiv  soon  captivated  the  Munponsets,*  and 
brought  them  in,  not  one  escaping. 

Tins  stroke  he  held  several  weeks,  never  returning 
empty  handed.  When  he  wanted  intelligence  of 
their  kenneling  places,  ho  would  march  to  some 
place,  likely  to  meet  witli  some  travellers  or  ramblers, 
and  scattering  his  company,  would  lie  close ;  and 
seldom  'ay  above  a  day  or  two,  at  most,  before  some 
of  them  would  fall  into  their  hands  ;  whom  he  would 
compel  to  inform  where  their  company  were.  And 
so  by  his  motliod  of  secret  and  sudden  surprises, 
took  great  numbers  of  them  prisoners. 

The  government  observing  his  extraordinary 
courago  and  conduct,  and  the  success  from  heavenf 

*  A  small  tribe  of  Indians  that  resided  near  Munponset 
pond, 

t'Vhollier  Heaven  had  any  thing  to  do  with  making 
slaves  of  the  Indians  after  they  were  made  prisoneis,  may  be 
doubted  liy  scepticks,  on  the  same  principles  that  every  feel- 
in!T  man  now  doubts  of  the  justness  of  our  southern  breth 
r-n  to  liiake  slaves  of  Negroes.  But  to  the  commendation  of 
iiiir  licro  be  it  spoken,  that  his  voice  was  always  against  en 


DG 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


nddud  to  it,  saw  cause  to  ciilar^o  his  corHmlsslon ; 
gave  him'  jjowcr  to  raise  and  dismiss  his  forces,  aa  he 
should  SCO  occasion  ;  to  commissionate  officers  un- 
der him,  and  to  march  as  far  as  he  should  see  cause, 
within  tlie  limits  of  the  three  united  colonies;  to  re- 
ceive to  mercy,  give  quarter,  or  not ;  excepting  soinoi 
particular  and  noted  murderers,  viz.,  Pliilip,  and  all 
that  were  at  the  destroying  of  Mr.  Clark's  garrisoD, 
and  some  few  others. 

Major  Bradford  being  now  at  Taunton  with  his 
army,  and  wanting  provisions,  some  carts  were  or- 
dered from  Plymouth  for  their  supply,  and  Captain 
Church  to  guard  them.  But  ho  obtaining  other 
guards  for  the  carts,  as  far  as  Middleborough,  ran 
before  with  a  small  company,  hoping  to  meet  with 
some  of  the  enemy;  appointing  the  carts  and  their 
guards  to  meet  with  them  at  Nemascut,*  about  an 
hour  after  sun's  rising,  next  morning. 

lie  arrived  there  about  the  breaking  of  the  day- 
light, and  discovered  a  company  of  tlie  enemy ;  but 
his  time  was  too  short  to  wait  for  gaining  advantage, 
and  therefore  ran  right  in  upon  them,  surprised  and 
captivated  about  sixteen  of  them,  who  upon  exami- 
nation, informed  that  Tispaquinf  a  very  liimous  Cap- 
slaving  mankind.  What  greater  proof  can  we  have  of  his 
humanity,  considering  the  age  in  which  he  lived?  Seepage 
52,  and  note  1. 

*  ('Near  Raynham.) 

That  part  of  Middleborongh  along  <he  river  of  that  name. 
Tiiis  name  like  many  others  was  written  difTTontly  by  the 
early  contemporary  writers.  It  is  generally  spelt  Namasket ; 
hut  more  nroj)erly  Nemasket.  Holmes,  I,  211,  from  1  Mass. 
Hist.  Coll.  Ill,  148,  says,  it  was  that  part  of  Middleborough, 
which  the  English  first  jdanted.  Hutchinson,  I,  262,  says, 
that  Philip  sometimes  resided  here.  See  note  1,  on  page  93. 
Savage,  in  Winthrop,  I,  55,  says,  "  This  name  belonged  to 
i)art  of  the  tract  now  includsd  in  Middleborough  ;  but  the 
lines  of  Indian  geography  were  probably  not  very  precise,  or 
are  forgotten." 

t  He  was  at  the  destroying  of  Mr.  Clark's  house  at  Ply- 
moutii.  After  his  wife  and  child  were  taken  by  Captain 
Church,  he  came  an  J  delivered  himself  up  at  Plymouth,  as  a 


IMIIUFS  WAR. 


M 


tnin  atriong  iJie  eiii'iny  was  ut  Assa\voiii|i.sil*  with  a 
nuiiiprous  cc  npany. 

Hul  tho  carts  must  now  be  guarded,  and  the  oppor- 
tunity of  visiting  Tfcpaquin  must  now  l>e  laid  aside ; 
the  carts  are  to  be  fuitlifully  guarded,  lest  Tispaquin 
should  attack  them. 

Coming  towards  Taunton,  Captain  Church  taking 
two  men  with  him,  made  all  speed  to  the  town.  And 
coining  to  the  river  side,  he  hallooed,  and  inquiring 
of  them  that  came  to  the  river,  for  Major  Bradford 
or  his  Captains.  Me  was  informed  [that]  they  were 
in  the  town,  at  the  tavern.  lie  told  them  of  the 
carts  that  were  coming,  that  he  had  the  cumber  of 
guarding  them,  which  had  already  prevented  his  im- 
proving opportunities  of  doing  service ;  prayed, 
therefore,  tnat  a  guard  might  be  sent  over  to  receive 
the  carts,  that  he  might  be  at  liberty — refusing  all 
invitations  and  persuasions  to  go  over  to  the  tavern 
to  visit  the  Major.  He  at  length  obtained  a  fs  ird 
to  receive  the  carts,  by  whom  also  he  sent  his  prison- 
ers to  be  conveyed  with  the  carts,  to  Plymouth ;  di- 
recting them  not  to  return  by  the  way  they  came,  but 
by  Bridgewater. 

prisoner  of  war ;  but  was  afterward  barbarously  murdcrtd  by  the 
goiernment.  for  liis  confidence  in  them,  as  will  be  seen  in  tlie  pro- 
gress of  this  history. 

To  do  justice  in  some  degree,  to  the  memory  of  the  nu- 
merous nice  of  human  beings,  who  have  left  this  delighirul 
country  to  us,  a  biographiciil  work  should  be  written,  contain- 
ing as  much  of  the  lives  and  actions  as  can  now  bo  found,  of 
such  of  those  natives,  whose  names  have  eome  down  to  us. 
The  author  of  these  notes  has  taken  some  steps  toward  tluit  end, 
which  would  be  freely  contribut(;d  to  assist  iiii  able  hand  in  the 
undertaking.  Should  no  other  attempt  it,  some  yearfe  to  come 
may  produce  it  from  iiis  pen. 

*  (In  Middleborough.) 

This  word  again  occurs  in  the  course  of  a  few  pnragrnphs 
and  is  there  spelt  right.  It  must  have  been  iiuittention  that 
caused  the  diiference  in  its  orthography,  as  well  as  in  many 
others.  The  country  around  the  ponds  bore  the  name  of  Assa- 
womset. .  See  note  4,  on  page  27.  In  modern  writers  we  see  it 
Bometimcs  spelt  as  above.  _ 

E  ^ 


I 


n 


*  •'• 


m  ;. 


11  " 


08 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Hastening  back,  he  proposed  to  camp  that  night  at 
Assawomset  neck.*  But  as  soon  as  they  canne  to  the 
river  that  runs  into  the  great  pond.f  through  the  thick 
swamp  at  the  entering  of  the  neck,  the  enemy  fired 
upon  them,  but  hurt  not  a  man.  Captain  Church's 
Indians  ran  right  into  the  swamp,  and  fired  upon  them, 
but  it  being  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  the  enemy 
made  their  escape  in  the  thickets. 

The  Captain  then  moving  about  a  mile  into  the 
neck,  took  the  advantage  of  a  small  valley  to  feed 
his  horses.  Some  held  the  horses  by  the  bridles,  the 
rest  on  the  ground,  looked  sharp  out  for  the  enemy, 
[who  were]  within  hearing  on  every  side,  and  some 
very  near.  But  in  the  dead  of  the  night  the  enemy 
being  out  of  hearing,  or  still.  Captain  Church  moved 
out  of  the  neck  (not  the  same  way  he  came  in,  lest 
he  should  be  ambuscaded)  towards  Cushnet,J  where 
all  the  houses  were  burnt.  And  crossing  Cushnet 
river,§  being  extremely  fatigued  with  two  nights' 
and  one  day's  ramble  without  rest  or  sleep.  And  ob- 
serving good  forage  for  tiieir  horses,  the  Captain 
concluded  upon  baiting,  and  taking  a  nap.  Setting 
six  men  to  watch  the  passage  of  the  river;  two  to 

*  A  short  distance  below  or  to  tlie  south  of  Sampson's  Tav- 
ern. The  "thick  swiirap,"  next  mentioned,  remains  to  this 
time. 

f  The  Assawomset. 
t  (In  Dartmouth.) 

Ncwbedt'ord  has  been  since  taken  from  Dartmouth.  Tiic  part 
where  Newbedford  now  is  was  meant. 

5  The  river  on  which  Newbedford  stands  is  called  Cusli- 
net.  Dr.  Douglass  wrote  this  word  Accushnut.  Summary, 
I,  403.  And  I  think,  that  if  we  write  Aponaganset,  wo 
Hhould  also  write  Accushnot,  or  rather  Accushnet.  Hut  ho 
wrote  Polyganset.  Ibid.  See  note  2,  on  page  61,  of  tiiis 
history.  The  most  ancient  way  of  writing  those  names,  in 
general,  is  to  be  preferred;  for  it  is  the  most  direct  road  to 
uniformity,  and  consistency.  Two  very  desirable  and  agree- 
able attendants  to  be  met  with  in  language ;  yet,  the  writer  of 
these  notes  is  very  sensible  of  his  failures  in  tiies«  as  well  aa 
othor  respects. 


PinUP'S  WAR. 


00 


watch  at  a  time,  while  the  others  slept,  and  so  to 
take  their  turns,  while  the  rest  of  the  company  went 
into  a  thicket  to  sleep  under  a  guard  of  two  senti- 
nels more.  But  the  whole  company  bein^r  very 
drowsy,  soon  forgot  their  danger,  and  were  fast 
asleep,  sentinels  and  all.  The  Captain  first  awakes, 
looks  up,  and  judges  he  had  slept  four  hours ;' which 
being  longer  than  ne  designed,  immediately  rouses  his 
company,  and  sends  away  a  file  to  see  what  was 
become  of  the  watch,  at  the  passage  of  the  river; 
but  they  no  sooner  opened  the  river  in  sight,  but  they 
discovered  a  company  of  the  enemy  viewing  of  their 
tracks,  where  they  came  into  the  neck.  Captain 
Church,  and  those  with  him,  soon  dispersed  into  tho 
brush,  on  each  side  of  the  way,  while  the  file  sent, 
got  undiscovered  to  the  passage  of  the  river,  and  found 
their  watch  all  fast  asleep.  But  these  tidings  thor- 
oughly a'vakened  the  whole  company. 

But  tht,  Lnemy  giving  them  no  present  disturbance, 
they  examined  their  [knay)sacks,]'  and  taking  a 
little  refreshment,  the  Captain  ordered  one  party  to 
guard  the  horses,  and  the  other  to  scout,  who  soon 
met  with  a  track,  and  following  of  it,  they  were 
brought  to  a  small  company  of  Indians,  who  proved 
to  be  Littleeyes,*  and  family,  and  near  relations,  who 
were  of  Sogkonate,  but  had  forsaken  their  coun- 
trymen, upon  their  mnking  peace  with  the  En^r- 
lish.  Some  of  Captain  Church's  Indians  ask<^d  him, 
if  he  did  not  know  this  fellow?  [and]  fold  him, 
"This  is  the  rocue  that  would  have  killed  vou  at 
Awashonks'  dance."  And  signified  to  him,  that  now 
he  had  an  opportunity  to  be  revenged  on  him.  But 
the  Captain  told  them,  [Miat]  it  was  not  Englishmen's 
fashion  to  seek  revenue ;  and  that  he  should  have  the 
quarter  the  rest  had. 

Moving  to  the  river  side,  they  found  an  old  canoe, 

'  [snnpsacks.] 
•  See  page  25. 


!      V 


fi.. 


■(' ; 


100 


PHIUP'S  WAil. 


with  which  the  Captain  ordered  Littleeyes  and  his 
company  to  bo  carried  over  to  an  island,*  telling 
him,  [that]  he  would  leave  him  on  that  island  until 
ho  returned.  And  lest  the  English  should  light  on 
them,  and  kill  them,  he  would  leave  his  cousin  Light- 
footf  (whom  the  English  knew  to  be  their  friend)  to 
bo  his  guard.  Littleeyes  expressed  himself  very 
thankful  to  the  Captain. 

lie  leaving  his  orders  with  Lightfoot,  returns  to 
the  river  side,  towards  Ponaganset,  to  Russel's  orch- 
ard.J  [On]  coming  near  the  orchard  they  clapped 
into  a  thicket,  and  there  lodged  the  rest  of  the  night 
without  any  fire.  And  upon  the  morning  light's  ap- 
pearing, moved  towards  the  orchard,  [and]  discover- 
ed some  of  the  enemy,  who  had  been  there  the  day 
before,  and  had  bent  down  all  the  apples,  and  carri- 
ed them  away;  discovered  also  where  they  had 
lodged  that  night,  and  saw  the  ground,  where  they 
sei  their  baskets,  [was]  bloody  ;  being,  as  they  sup- 
posed, and  as  it  was  afterwards  discovered,  [ — ]' 
with  the  flesh  of  swine,  &c.,  which  they  had  killed 
that  <hiy.  They  had  lain  under  the  fences  without 
any  fires,  and  seemed  by  the  marks  [which]  they  left 
behind  them,  to  be  very  numerous;  perceived  also 
by  the  dew  on  the  grass,  that  they  had  not  been 
long  gone,  and  therefore,  moved  apace  in  pursuit  of 
them. 

Travelling  three  miles  or  more,  they  came  into  the 
country  roud  where  the  tracks  parted.     One  parcel 

'  [to  be] 

*  Wliiit,  I  .suspect,  is  now  ciiUod  Palmer's  island.  Tlicre  .are 
others  further  out,  wliieii  from  tiieir  distjince,  it  is  tliought  unlikely 
that  they  went  down  so  far. 

t  Cousin  to  Littleeyes.  He  w.ns  .1  valu.nble  and  faithful  ser- 
vant to  Church,  and  is  notorious  for  his  exploits  in  the  eastern 
wars. 

J  This  orchard  stood  just  in  the  rear  of  the  old  garrison  before 
mentioned.  Wee  note  '2,  on  pngc  50.  The  remains  of  which 
were  to  he  seen  within  the  age  of  some  recently  living. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


101 


steered  towards  the  west  end  of  the  great  cedar 
swamp,  and  the  other  to  the  east  encl.  The  Captain 
halted,  and  told  his  Indian  soldiers,  that  they  had 
heard,  as  well  as  he,  what  some  men  had  said  at 
Plymouth,  about  them,  &c. ;  that  now  was  a  good 
opportunity  for  each  party  to  prove  themselves. 
The  track  being  divided,  they  should  follow  one  and 
the  English  the  other,  being  equal  in  number.  The 
Indians  declined  the  motion,  and  were  not  willing  to 
move  any  where  without  him ;  said  [that]  they 
should  not  think  themselves  safe  without  him.  But 
the  Captain  insisting  upon  it,  they  submitted.  He 
gave  the  Indians  their  choice,  to  follow  which  track 
they  pleased.  They  replied,  that  they  were  light 
and  able  to  travel,  therefore,  if  he  pleased,  they 
would  take  the  west  track.  And  appointing  the 
ruins  of  John  Cook's  house  at  Cushnet,  ibr  the  place 
to  meet  at,  each  company  set  out  briskly  to  try  their 
fortunes. 

Captain  Church,  with  his  English  soldiers,  follow- 
ed their  track  until  they  came  near  entering  a  miry 
swamp,  when  the  Captain  heard  a  whistle  in  the 
rear ;  (which  was  a  note  for  a  halt)  and  looking  behind 
him,  he  saw  William  Fobes*  start  out  of  the  com- 
pany, and  made  towards  him,  who  hastened  to  meet 
him  as  fast  as  he  could.  Fobes  told  him  [that]  they 
had  discovered  abundance  of  Indians,  and  if  he 
pleased  to  go  a  few  steps  back,  he  might  see  them 
himself  He  did  so,  and  saw  them  across  the  swamp; 
observing  them,  he  perceived  [that]  they  were  gath- 
ering whortleberries,  and  they  had  no  apprehensions 
of  their  being  so  near  them.  The  Captain  supposed 
them  to  be  chiefly  women,  and  therefore  calling  one 
Mr.  Dillano,  who  was  acquainted  with  the  ground, 
and  the   Indian  language,  and   another  named  Mr. 

*  Porliaps  Forbes  would  have  been  the  proper  way  of  spelling 
this  name.  He  went  commissary  witli  Church  in  his  third  easteru 
expedition. 


,ti : 


f 


102 


PHILLrS  WAR. 


Barns.*  With  these  two  men  he  takes  right  through 
the  swamp,  as  fast  as  he  could,  and  orders  the  rest  to 
hasten  after  them. 

Captain  Church  with  Dillano  and  Barns,  having 
good  horses,  spurred  on  and  were  soon  amongst  the  ^ 
thickest  of  the  Indians,  and  out  of  sight  of  their  own 
men.  Among  the  enemy  was  an  Indian  woman, 
who  with  her  husband  had  been  driven  off  from 
Rhodei.sland.  notwithstanding  they  had  a  house  upon 
Mr.  Simford's  land,  and  had  planted  an  orchard  be- 
fore the  war;  yet  the  inhabitants  would  not  be  satis- 
fied, till  they  were  sent  off.  Captain  Church  with 
his  family,  living  then  at  the  said  Sanford's,  came 
acquainted  with  them,  who  thought  it  very  hard  to  turn 
off  such  old  quiet  peo|)le.  But  in  the  end  it  proved  a 
providence,  and  an  advantage  to  him  and  his  family, 
as  you  may  see  afterwards. 

This  Indian  woman  knew  Captain  Church,  and  as 
soon  as  she  knew  him,  held  up  both  her  hands,  and 
cnme  running  towards  them,  crying  aloud,  "'Church! 
Church!  Church!"  Captain  Church  bid  her  stop  the 
rest  of  the  Indians,  and  tell  them,  [that]  the  way  to 
save  their  lives,  was,  not  to  run,  but  yield  themselves 
prisoners,  and  he  would  not  kill  them.  So  with  her 
help,  and  Dillano's,  who  could  call  to  them  in  their 
own  language,  many  of  them  stopped  and  surren- 
dered themselves,  others  scampering  and  casting 
away  their  baskets,  &c.,  betook  themselves  to  the 
thickets ;  but  Captain  Church  being  on  horseback, 
soon  came  up  with  them,  and  laid  hold  of  a  gun 
that  was  in  the  hand  of  one  of  the  foremost  of 
the  cotnpany,  pulled  it  from  nim,  and  told  him  he 
must  go  back.  And  when  he  had  turned  them,  he 
began  to  look  about  him  to  see  where  he  was,  and 
what   was   become   of  his   company ;    hoping   they 

'  [and] 

*Of  this  person  as  well  ns  Dillano  and  Fobcs,  after  considera. 
ble  piiiiis  and  .soaicli,  1  c:in  tell  nothing.  The  names  are  ccmmoi) 
in  the  old  eolonj'. 


~i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


103 


njight  be  all  as  well  employed  as  Himself.  But  he 
could  find  none  but  Dillano,  who  was  very  busy 
gathering  up  prisoners.  The  Captain  drove  his  that 
he  had  stopped,  to  the  rest ;  inquiring  of  Dillano  for 
their  company,  but  could  have  no  news  of  them ; 
[and]*  moving  back,  picked  up  now  and  then  a  sculk- 
ing  prisoner  by  the  way. 

When  they  came  near  the  place  where  the  first 
started  the  Indians,  they  discovered  their  company 
standing  in  a  body  together,  and  had  taken  some  few 
prisoners ;  when  they  saw  their  Captain,  they  hasten- 
ed to  meet  him.  They  told  him  [that]  they  found 
it  difficult  getting  through  the  swamp,  and  neither 
seeing  nor  hearing  any  thing  of  him,  they  concluded 
[that]  the  enemy  had  killed  him,  and  were  at  a  great 
loss  what  to  do. 

Having  brought  their  prisoners  together,  they 
found  [that]  they  had  taken  and  killed'  sixty-six  of 
their  enemy.  Captain  Church  then  asked  the  old 
squaw,  what  company  they  belonged  unto  ?  She  said, 
[that]  they  belonged  part  to  Philip,  and  part  to  Qun- 
nappin*  and  the  Narraganset   sachem  ;t   discovered 

'  [but] 

*An  old  Queen  amon^  the  Niirragtinsots,  siiys  lliitcli.  1,263. 
Truin.  I,  347,  siiya  tliat  Jln^nus  iiii  old  Niimiyimsct  Qiu-eii 
was  killed  3  July.  It  is  possible  that  both  nanies  meant  the 
same  person.  She  signed  the  treaty  in  June,  of  which  men- 
tion  has  been  made.  In  JIutehinson,  the  name  is  s|)elt 
Quaiapen,  and  in  Hubbard,  Quenociuin,  and  by  a  writer  in 
N.  H.  Hist.  Col.  Ill,  108,  Quaniiopin.  15ut  tiiese  names 
may  not  all  mean  the  same  person,  as  the  author  last  cited, 
says,  that  Jlrs.  Ilowlandson,  wife  of  the  minister  of  Linieas- 
ter,  when  taken  was  sold  to  Quaniiopin  whose  wife  was  a 
sister  to  Philip's  wife.  'J'he  same  writer  observes,  on  page 
14 J,  that  one  of  Quannopin's  wives'  name  was  |\Vittiniore. 
hho  eoiild  not  be  the  same  that  was  drowned  near  Swanzey, 
for  that  was  before  Jlrs.  R.  was  fciken.  See  note  2,  on 
page  127. 

t)Vho  is  meant  by  this  Narraganset  sachem,  it  is  difficult 
to  determine.  There  were  si.\  that  subscribed  the  treaty  in 
June.    Canonchet,  who  was  noted  for  his  enmity  to  the  Enf- 


rf= 


104 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


also  upon  her  declnralion,  that  both  Philip  and  Quafn- 
napin  were  about  two  miles  off,  in  the  great  cedai 
swamp.  Ho  inquired  of  her  what  company  they 
had  with  them.  She  answered,  "  Abundance  of  In- 
dians." The  swamp,  she  said,  was  full  of  Indians 
from  one  end  unto  the  other,  that  were  settled  there ; 
[and]  that  there  were  near  an  hundred  men,  [who] 
came  from  the  swamp  with  them,  and  left  them  upon 
that  plain  to  gather  whortleberries,  and  promised  to 
call  them  as  they  came  back  out  of  Sconticut  neck,* 
whither  they  went  to  kill  cattle  and  horses  for  provis- 
ions for  the  company. 

She  perceiving  (-aptain  Church  move  towards  the 
neck,  told  him,  [that]  if  they  went  that  way  they 
would  be  killed.  He  asked  her  where  about  they 
crossed  the  river?  She  pointed  to  the  upper  passing 
place.  Upon  which  Captain  Church  passed  over  so 
low  down,  as  he  thought  it  not  probable  [that]  they 
should  meet  with  his  track  in  their  return,  and  has- 
tened towards  the  island,  where  he  left  Littleeyes 
with  Lightfoot.  Finding  a  convenient  place  by  the 
river  side  for  securing  his  prisoners.  Captain  Church 
and  ]\fr.  Dillano  went  down  to  see  what  was  become 
of  Captain  Lightfoot,  and  the  prisoners  left  in  his 
charge. 

Lightfoot  seeing  and  knowing  them,  soon  came 
over  with  his  broken  canoe,  and  informed  them,  that 

lisli,  but  it  could  not  be  lie,  because  ho  was  t;il<on  by  the 
(r()iiiH'i't.ieut  voluntoora  tlie  first  week  in  April,  1670,  Jiecord- 
in<^  to  Hubbard,  168,  and  it  was  now  July;  Canonicus,  who 
was  killed  by  the  Jlohawks,  in  June;  Mattatoag,  of  whom 
we  hear  nothinjr;  Ninigiet,  who  did  not  join  with  the  rest 
in  tlie  war ;  and  Pnnihaiu,  who  was  killed  in  the  woods  near 
Dedliam,  about  the  last  week  in  July,  as  before  observed, 
and  wiio  it  is  possible  tiiis  might  be.  Ho  must  have  been  a 
very  old  man,  as  I  presume  he  is  the  same  who  sold  land  to 
]\Ir.  Samuel  (lorton  about  1643,  and  became  dissatisfied  and 
eoniplaiiiud  of  him  to  the  court.  See  Savage's  Winthrop, 
II,  120. 

*  The  point  of  land  opposite  Newbedford  where  the  village  of 
Fairhaven  now  id. 


C^M'OATICUS       p.  104. 


! 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


106 


he  had  seen  tlut  day  about  one  hundred  men  of  the 
enemy  go  down  into  Sconticut  neck,  and  that  they 
were  now  returning  again.  Upon  which  they  three 
ran  down  immediately  to  a  meadow  where  Lightfool 
said  [that]  the  Indians  had  passed,  where  they  not 
only  saw  their  tracks,  but  also  them.  Whereupon 
they  lay  close,  until  the  enemy  came  into  the  said 
meadow,  and  the  foremost  set  down  his  load,  and 
halted  until  all  the  company  came  up,  and  then  took 
up  their  loads  and  marched  again  the  same  way  that 
they  came  down  into  the  neck,  which  was  the  near- 
est way  unto  their  camp.  Had  ihey  gone  the  other 
way,  along  the  river,  they  could  not  have  missed 
Captain  Church's  track,  which  would  doubtless  have 
exposed  them  to  the  loss  of  their  prisoners,  if  not  of 
their  lives. 

But  as  soon  as  the/coast  was  clear  of  them,  the 
Captain  sends  his  Lightfoot  to  fetch  his  prisoners 
from  the  island,  while  he  and  Mr.  Dillano  returned 
to  the  company  ;  sent  part  of  them  to  conduct  Light- 
foot  and  his  company  to  the  aforesaid  meadow,  where 
Captain  Church  and  his  company  met  them.  Cross- 
ing the  enemy's  track  they  made  all  haste  until  they 
got  over  Mattapoiset  river,*  near  about  four  miles 
beyond  the  ruins  of  Cook's  house,  where  he  appoint- 
ed to  meet  his  Indian  company,  whither  he  sent  Dil- 
lano with  two  more  to  meet  them;  ordering  them 
that  if  the  Indians  were  not  arrived  to  wait  for  them. 

Accordingly,  finding  no  Indians  there,  they  waited 
until  late  in  the  night,  when  they  arrived  with  their 
booty.  They  despatched  a  post  to  their  Captain,  to 
give  him  an  account  of  their  success,  but  the  day 
broke  before  they  came  to  him.  And  when  they 
had  compared  successes,  they  very  remarkably  found 
that  the  number  that  each  company  had  taken  and 

*  (In  Rochester.) 

,Quit«  a  smiill  stream,  to  the  east  of  which  is  the  village  of  this 
name,  though  now  usually  pronounced  Mattapois.  See  note  3, 
on  page  32. 

E 


■.  •' 


.  (k-,,.-^- 


wr^-: 


106 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


slain  was  equnl.  The  Indians  had  killed  three  of 
the  enemy,  nnd  taken  sixty-three  prisoners,  as  the 
En$];li8h  had  done  before  them. 

lioth  the  English  and  Indians  were  surprised  at 
this  remarkable  providence,  and  were  both  parties 
rcjoiciiif?  at  it;  oeing  both  before  afraid  of  what 
miiiht  have  been  the  unequal  success  of  the  parties. 
Hut  the  Indians  had  the  fortune  to  take  more  arm« 
than  the  English. 

They  told  the  Captain,  that  they  had  missed  J, 
brave  opportunity  by  parting;  [that]  they  came  upon 
a  grout  town  ot  the  enemy,  viz..  Captain  Tyasks'* 
company;  (Tyasks  was  the  next  man  to  Phili|))  that 
they  fired  upon  the  enemy  before  they  were  discover- 
ed, and  ran  upon  tliem  with  a  shout;  [and]  the  men 
ran  and  I«ft  their  wives  and  children,  and  many  of 
them  their  guns.  They  took  Tyasks'  wife  and  son, 
and  thought,  that  if  their  Captain  and  the  English 
company  hud  been  with  them,  they  might  have  taken 
some  hundreds  of  them;  and  now  they  determined 
not  to  part  any  more. 

That  night,  Philip  sent  (as  afterwards  they  found 
out)  a  great  army  to  waylay  Captain  Church  at  the 
entering  on  of  Assawomset  neck,  expecting  [that]  he 
would  liavo  returned  the  same  way  [that]  he  went  in; 
but  that  was  never  his  method  to  return  the  same  way 
that  he  came;  and  at  this  time  going  another  way, 
he  escaped  falling  into  the  hands  of  his  enemies. 
The  next  day  they  went  home  by  Scipican.f  and  got 
well  with  their  prisoners  to  Plymouth. 

•  In  another  nlnce,  Annnwon  ia  called  the  next  mjin  to  Philip, 
or  Ilia  chief  Cnptnin.  Hubbnrd  spelt  his  niiine  Tinshq,  nnd 
informti  us  timt  lie  suf rendered  himself  to  the  English  in  June: 
but  thiii  could  nut  bo  the  case,  ns  it  was  now  near  the  end  of 
July,  if  the  Indians  knew  the  company  to  be  Tyasks'.  Though 
nothirig  is  said  in  the  text  that  wo  might  be  positive  th.it  Tyaska 
was  there,  yet  Hubbard  says  that  his  "wife  and  child"  were  talieu 
first    Nar.  '230. 

t  A  small  river  in  Rochester.  Near  its  mouth  is  the  littla 
Tillage  of  Scipicun,  4  milea  to  the  eastward  of  Mattapoiset. 


p.  107. 


' 

1 

1 

I 

mn 

prij 

fan 

tici 

Sl>ll 

the 

slu 

If 
dia 

of 

tak 

nn( 

an( 

1                 sol 

as 

1 

(la 

1 

bri 

1 

\va 

wh 

ch 

re: 

^]\^ 

es 

hii 

1                  v;i 

8(.' 

Vf 

(': 

i-li 

iV 

HC 

lU 

S( 

tl 

1; 

! 
1 

IMIII.IP'S  WAR. 


107 


He  soon  went  out  ajiJiiii,  nnd  this  stroke  ho  drove 
mnny  \v*'eks.     And  when    he    fnuk    iiiiy   luiniher  of 
prisoners,   I'  would    |     '<   out   some   that  \u-  took  u 
fancy  to,  iind  would  tell  ilu-rri,  [that]  he  took  n  pjir- 
ticiilar  fanry  to  tlictn,  and  had  c'lioi*en  them  for  liim- 
sclf  to  make  soldier     of;   and  if  any  wiild  behave 
themselves  well,  he  would  do  well  by  them,  and  they 
should   be  his  men,  and  not  sold  out  of  the  country. 
If  he  perceived  [that]  they  looked  suily,  and  his   In- 
dian   soldiers  called  them  treacherous  dojjfs,   ,s  sctnie 
of  them  would  sometimes  do,  all  the  notice  he  would 
take  of  it,  would  only  be  to  clap  them  on  the  buck, 
and  tell  them,  "('ome,  come,  you  look  wild  and  surly, 
and  mutter,  but  that  signifies  nothing;  these  my  best 
soldiers,  were,  a  little  while  ago,  as  wild  and  surly 
as  you  are  now;  by  tliat  time  you  have  been  but  one 
day  along  with  me,  you  will  love  me  to^',  and  be  as 
brisk  as  any  of  them."     And  it  proved  s.>;  for  there 
was  none  of  them,  but  (after  they  had  I    i-n  a  little 
while  with    him,  and    seen   his   behaviour,  and  how 
cheerful  and  successl'ul  his  men  were)   w  >ul(l  be  as 
ready  to  pilot    him  to  any  place  wheie  tl   ■  Indians 
dwelt  or  haunted,  (though  their  own  father     or  near- 
est relations  should  be  among  them)  or  to  fight  for 
him,  as  any  of  his  own  men. 

Captain  Church  was,  in  two  particulars,  nmch  ad- 
vantaged by  the  great  English  army*  that  was  now 

*I  cannot  loam  as  this  "great  army"  was  in  iniu  !i  active 
service  about  tiiis  time.  But  tlio  Connecticut  soldic  is  were 
very  active.  A  party  under  Capt.  DeiiiBon  took  prisoner 
Caiionclict,  or  Naininttenoo,  as  he  was  last  callnl,  "the 
chief  sachem  of  all  the  Narragansets,"  who  iiad  cou.r-  down 
from  tiiu  Nipniuck  country  to  get  seed  corn  to  plant  !ie  de- 
serted settlements  on  Connecticut  river.  Canoncih  :  was 
near  I'aiituckct  river  with  a  company  of  his  men,  ain:  while 
secure  in  his  tent,  and  was  relating  over  his  exjiioits  ,':iiiist 
tiic  English,  Denison  came  upon  him.  lie  lied  w  !i  all 
haste,  but  as  he  was  crossing  the  river,  a  misstep  b  ught 
'.lis  gun,  under  water,  and  retarded  his  progress.  On*  Jlo. 
nopoide,  a  l*i'(|not,  being  switt  of  foot,  first  came  up  with 
him.     lie   made   no  resistance,  though  he  was  ii  mai\  oi'   'reat 


108 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


abroad.  One  was,  that  they  drove  the  enemy  down 
to  that  part  of  the  country,  viz.,  to  the  eastward  of 
Taunton  river,  by  which  his  business  was  nearer 
home.  The  other  was,  that  when  he  fell  on  with  a 
push  upon  any  body  of  the  enemy,  (were  they  never 
so  many)  they  fled,  expecting  the  great  army.  And 
his  manner  of  marching  through  the  woods  was 
such,  [that]'  if  he  were  discovered,  they  appeared 
to  be  more  than  they  were;  foi'  he  always  marched 
at  a  wide  distance  one  from  another,  partly  for  their 
safety:  And  this  was  an  Indian  custom  to  march 
thin  and  scattered. 

Captain  Church  inquired  of  some  of  the  Indians 
that  were  become  his  soldiers,  how  they  got  such 
advantage,  often,  of  the  English  in  their  marches 
through   the  woods?     They   told  him,  that  the  In- 

'M 

strengtli.  A  young  Englishman  next  came  up,  and  asked  him 
some  questions,  but  he  would  make  no  answer.  At  length, 
casting  a  look  of  neglect  on  his  youthful  face,  said,  in  broken 
Eiiglisli,  "You  too  much  child;  no  understiind  matters  of  war- 
Let  your  Captain  come;  him  I  will  answer."  He  would  not 
accept  of  his  life  when  offered  him ;  and  when  told  that  he  was 
to  die,  said, "He  liked  it  well;  that  he  should  die  before  his  heart 
was  soft,  or  he  had  spoken  any  thing  unworthy  of  himself.  He 
was  afterward  shot  at  Stonington.  And  by  Autumn,  this  with 
otiier  volunteer  companies  killed  and  took  230  of  the  enemy, 
and  50  muskets;  these  exploits  were  continued  until  the 
Narragansets  were  all  driven  out  of  the  country,  except  Ninigret, 
Trumbull,  I,  343  to  345.  The  regular  soldiers  under  Major 
Talcot  marched  into  the  Nipmuck's  country,  where  at  one  time 
they  killed  and  took  52  of  the  enemy.  This  was  in  the  begin- 
ning of  June.  On  12  June  they  came  upon  about  700  In- 
dians, who  were  furiously  besieging  Hadley,  whom  they  im- 
mediitely  dispersed.  On  tiieir  return  to  the  Narraganset 
country  they  ciune  upon  the  main  body  of  the  enemy  near  a 
large  cedar  swamp,  who  mostly  tied  into  it.  But  being  sur- 
rounded, 171  wore  killed  and  tiiken.  Among  them  waa  Jhig. 
nus,  the  old  Queen  of  Narraganset.  Near  Providence  Ihcy 
made  prisoners,  and  killed  67;  and  soon  after  60  more  on  their 
return  to  Connecticut.  Holmes,  1,  431  to  433.  See  note  1,  on 
p;i;fe  103. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


109 


dians  gained  great  advantage  of  the  English  by  two 
things;  [theyp  always  took  care  in  their  marches 
and  fights,  not  to  come  too  thicii  together;  but  the 
English  always  kept  in  a  heap  together;  [so]  that  it 
was  as  easy  to  hit  them,  as  to  hit  a  house.  The  other 
was,  that  if  at  any  time  they  discovered  a  company 
of  English  soldiers  in  the  woods,  they  knew  that 
there  were  all,  for  the  English  never  scattered,  but 
the  Indians  always  divided  and  scattered. 

Captain  Church  [being]  now  at  Plymouth,  some- 
thing or  other  happened  that  kept  him  at  honie  a 
few  days,  until  a  f)ost  came  to  Marshfield  on  the 
Lord's*  day  morning,  informing  the  Governour,  that 
a  great  army  of  Indians  were  discovered,  who  it  was 
supposed  were  designing  to  get  over  the  river  to- 
wards Taunton  or  Bridgewater.f  to  attack  those 
towns  that  lay  on  that  side  [of]  the  river.  The 
Governour  hastened  to  Plymouth,  raised  what  men  he 
could  by  the  way,  came  to  Plymouth  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  forenoon  exercise,  sent  for  Captain 
Church  out  of  the  meeting  house,  gave  him  the 
news,  and  desired  him  immediately  to  rally  what  of 
his  company  he  could,  and  what  men  he  had  raised 
should  join  them. 

The  Captain  bestirs  himself,  but  found  no  bread 
in  the  store  house,  and  so  was  forced  to  run  from 
house  to  house  to  get  household  bread  for  their 
march.  But  this  nor  any  thing  else  prevented  his 
marching  by  the  beginning  of  the  afternoon  exercise. 
Marching  with  what  menj  were  ready,  he  took  with 
him  the  post  that  came  from  Bridgewater  to  pilot 
him  to  the  place  where  he  thought  he  might  meet 
with  the  enemy. 

"  [the  Indians] 

*  July  30,  1676. 

■j-This  word  in  tho  text  was  given  uniformly  without  the 
first  e. 

JHehiid  "alioiit  30  Englislimen  and  20  reconciled  Indians." 
Hub)-  'ird,  Niir.  'J23. 


•IP 


no 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


In  the  evening  they  heard  a  smart  firing  at  a  dis- 
tance from  them,  but  it  being  near  night,  and  the 
firing  but   of   short    continuance,   they    missed   the 

!)lace,  and  went  into  Bridgewater  town.  It  seems 
^that]  the  occasion  of  the  firing  wag,  tiiat  Philip, 
Inding  that  Captain  Church  made  that  side  of  the 
country  too  hot  for  him,  designed  to  return  to  tlie 
other  side  of  the  country  that  he  came  last  from. 
And  coming  to  Taunton  river  with  his  company, 
they  felled  a  great  tree  across  the  river,  for  a  biidgo 
to  ipass  over  on.  And  just  as  Philip's  old  uncle 
Akkompoin,*  and  some  other  of  his  chiefs  were  pass- 
ing over  the  tree,  some  brisk  Bridgewater  lads  had 
ambushed  them,  fired  upon  them,  and  killed  the  old 
man,  and  several  others,  which  put  a  stop  to  their 
coming  over  the  river  that  night. f 

Next  morning.  Captain  Church  moved  very  early 
with  his  company,  which  was  increased  by  many  of 
Bridgewater,  that  enlisted  under  him  for  that  expe- 
dition; and  by  their  piloting,  soon  came  very  still 
to  the  top  of  the  great  tree,  which  the  enemy  had 
(alien  across  the  river,  and  the  Captain  spied  an  In- 
dian sitting  on  the  stump  of  it  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river,  and  he  clapped  his  gun  up,  and  had  doubt- 
less despatched  him,  but  that  one  of  his  own  Indians 
called  hastily  to  him,  not  to  fire,  for  he  believed  it 
was  one  of  their  own  men.  Upon  which  the  Indian 
upon  the  stump,  looked  about,  and  Captain  Church's 
Indian  seeing  his  face,  perceived  his  mistake,  lor  he 
knew  him  to  be  Philip;  clapped  up  his  gun  and 
fired,  but  it  w.is  too  late;  for  Philip  immediately 
threw  himself  off  the  stump,  leaped  down  a  bank  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river  and  made  his  escape. J; 

*  Tills  might  bo  a  brother  of  Massassoit,  but  we  hear  of  none 
but  Quudequinuh. 

t  Hubbard  phices  the   date  of  this  action  on  the  31;   but 
according  to  our  author  it  was  on  Sunday,  and  Sunday  was  the  30. 

J  Ho  had  not  long  before  cut  otF  his  hair  that  he  might  no*  '^ 
knovvn.    Hubbard. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 

Captain  Church,  as  soon  as  possible  g 
river,  and  scattered  in  quest  oi  Philip  ana 

fany;  but  the  enemy  scattered  and  fl^d  eve 
— i^     He  picked  up  a  considerable  many  o 
women    and   children,  among  which  were   Philip 
wife  and   son;     [the  son]^     about  nine  years  ol 
Discovering  a  considerable  new  track  along  the  rive 
and  examining  the  prisoners,   found    [that]   it  wa3 
Qunnapin  and  the  Narragansets,  that  were  drawing 
otf  from  those  parts  towards  the  Narraganset  coun- 
try.    He  inquired  of  the  prisoners,   whether  Philip 
was  gone  in  the  same  track?     They  told  him  that 
they  did  not  know;  for  he  fled  in  a  great  fright  when 
the  first  English  gun  was  fired,  and  [that]  they  had 
none  of  them  seen  or  heard  any  thing  of  him  since. 

Captain  Church  left  part  of  his  company  there  to 
secure  the  prisoners  [which]  they  got,  and  to  pick 
up  what  more  they  could  find,  and  with  the  rest  of 
his  company  hastened  in  the  track  of  the  enemy  to 
overtake  them,  if  it  might  be  before  they  got  over  the 
river;  and  ran  some  miles  along  the  river,  until  he 
came  to  a  place  where  the  Indians  had  waded  over; 
and  he  with  his  company  waded  over  after  them,  up 
to  the  armpits ;  being  almost  as  wet  before  with 
sweat  as  the  river  could  make  them.  Following 
about  a  mile  further,  and  not  overtaking  them,  and 
the  Captain  being  under  [a]  necessity  to  return  that 
night  to  the  army,  came  to  a  halt;  told  his  company 
[that]  lie  must  return  to  his  other  men.  His  Indian 
soldiers  moved  for  leave  to  pursue  the  enemy, 
(though  he  returned) ;  [they]  said  [that]  the  Narra- 
gansets were  great  rogues,  and  [that]  they  wanted 
to  be  revenged  on  them  for  killing  some  of  their 
relations;  named  Tockamona,  (Awashonks'  brother) 
and  some  others.  Captain  Church  bade  them  go  and 
jM'osper,  and  made  Lightfoot  their  chief,  and  gave 
him  the  title  of  Captain.  Bid  them  go  and  quit 
mselves  like  men.  And  away  they  scampered  like 
any  horses. 


i  i 


I  I 


11  > 


•  i 


112 


Pffli^'S  WAR. 


Next  morning*  early  they  returned  to  their  Cap- 
tain,  and  informed  him  that  they  had  come  up  with 
the  enemy,  and  killed  several  oi  them,  and  brought 
him  thirteen  3f  them  prisoners.  .[They]  were  mighty 
proud  of  their  exploit,  and  rejoiced  much  at  the  op- 
portunity of  avenging  themselves.f  Captain  Church 
sent  the  prisoners  to  Bridge  water,  and  sent  out  his 
scouts  to  see  what  enemies  or  tracks  they  could 
[find.]  Discovering  some  small  tracks,  he  followed 
them,  found  where  the  enemy  had  kindled  some  fires, 
and  roasted  some  flesh,  &c.,  but  had  put  out  their 
fires  and  were  gone. 

The  Captain  followed  them  by  the  track,  putting 
his  Indians  in  the  front;  some  of  which  were  such 
as  he  had  newly  taken  from  the  enemy,  and  added 
to  his  company.  [He]  gave  them  orders  to  march 
softly,  and  upon  hearing  a  whistle  in  the  rear,  to  sit 
down,  till  further  order;  or,  upon  discovery  of  any 
of  the  enemy,  to  stop;  for  his  design  was,  if  he 
could  discover  where  the  enemy  were,  not  to  fall 
upon  them  (unless  necessitated  to  it)  until  next  morn- 
ing. The  Indians  in  the  front  came  up  with  many 
women  and  children,  and  others  that  were  faint  and 
tired,  and  so  not  able  to  keep  up  with  the  company. 
These  gave  them  an  account,  that  Philip  with  a 
great  number  of  the  enemy,  was  a  little  before. 

Captain  Church's  Indians  told  the  others,  [that] 
they  were  their  prisoners,  but  if  they  would  submit 
to  order,  and  be  still,  no  one  should  hurt  them. 
They  being  their  old  acquaintance,  were  easily  per- 
suaded to  conform.  A  little  before  sunset  there 
was  a  halt  in  the  front,  until  the  Captain  came  up. 
They  told  him  [that]  they  discovered  the  enemy. 
He  ordered  them  to  dog  them  nnd  watch  their  mo- 
tion till  it  was  dark.  But  Piiilip  soqn  came  to  a 
stop,   and   fell  to  breaking  and  chopping  wood,   to 

*  August  1st. 

•(■  Mr.  Hubbard  takes  no  notice  of  this  exploit. 


PinUP'S  WAR. 


113 


make  fires;  and  a  great  noise  they  made.  Captain 
Church  draws  his  company  up  in  a  ring,  and  sat 
down  in  the  swamp  without  any  noise  or  fire. 

The  Indian  prisoners  were  much  surprised  to  see 
the  English  soldiers;  but  the  Captain  told  them, 
[that]  if  they  would  be  quiet,  and  not  make  any  dis- 
turbance or  noise,  they  should  meet  with  civil  treat- 
ment; but  if  they  made  any  disturbance,  or  oflTered 
to  run,  or  make  their  escape,  he  would  immediately 
kill  them  all;  so  they  were  very  submissive  and  ob- 
sequious. 

When  the  day  broke.  Captain  Church  told  his  pri- 
soners, that  his  expedition  was  such,  at  [that]'  time, 
that  he  could  not  afford  them  any  guard ;  told  them, 
[that]  they  would  find  it  to  be  [to]  their  interest, 
to  attend  the  orders  he  was  now  about  to  give  them ; 
which  were,  that  when  the  fight  was  over,  which 
they  now  expected,  or  as  soon  as  the  firing  ceased, 
they  must  follow  the  track  of  his  company,  and  come 
to  them.  (An  Indian  is  next  to  a  blood  hound  to 
follow  a  track.)  He  said  to  them,  it  would  be  in  vain 
for  them  to  think  of  disobedience,  or  to  gain  any 
thing  by  it;  for  he  had  taken  and  killed  a  great  many 
of  the  Indian  rebels,  and  should,  in  a  little  time  kill 
and  take  all  the  rest,  &c. 

By  this  time  it  began  to  be  [as]^  light  as  the  time 
that  he  usually  chose  to  make  his  onset.  He  moved, 
sending  two  soldiers  before,  to  try,  if  they  could 
privately  discover  the  enemy's  postures.  But  very 
unhappily  it  fell  out,  that  [at]  the  very  same  time, 
Philip  had  sent  two  of  his  [n7rn]  as  a  scou*  upon  his 
own  track,  to  see  if  none  dogged  [him.]^  [They]* 
spied  the  two  Indian  men,  [ — Y  turned  short  about, 
and  fled  with  all  speed  to  their  camp,  and  Captain 
Church  pursued  as  fast  as  he  could.  The  two  In- 
dians set  a  yelling  and  howling,  and  made  the  most 
hideous  noise  they  could  invent,  soon  gave  the  alarm 
to  Philip  and  his  camp,  who  all  fled  at  the  first  tid- 
'[thirl        *[*"]        •[iliem]        *  [who]        •[and] 

8 


mgs 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


left   their  kettles   boiling,  and   meat 


loastmg 


upon  their  wooden  spits,  and  ran  into  a  swannp,*  with 
no  other  breakfast,  than  what  Captain  Church  after- 
wards treated  them  with. 

Captain  Church  pursuing,  sent  Mr,  Isaac  How- 
landf  with  a  party  on  one  side  of  the  swamp,  while 
himself  with  the  rest,  ran  on  the  other  side,  agreeing 
to  run  on  each  side,  until  they  met  on  the  further 
end.  Placing  some  men  in  secure  stands  at  that  end 
of  the  swamp  where  Philip  entered,  concluding  that 
if  they  headed  him,  and  beat  him  back,  that  he 
would  taite  back  in  his  own  track.  Captain  Church 
and  Mr.  Rowland  soon  met  at  the  further  end  of  the 
swamp,  (it  not  be'ng  a  great  one)  where  they  met 
with  a  great  numbe  of  the  enemy,  well  armed,  com- 
ing out  of  the  swan)p.  But  on  sight  of  the  English, 
they  seemed  very  much  surprised  and  tacked  snort. 
Captain   Church   called    hastily   to  them,  and  said, 

fthat]  if  they  fired  one  gun  they  were  all  dead  men ; 
or  he  would  have  them  to  know  that  he  had  them 
hemmed  in  with  a  force  sufficient  to  command  them ; 
but- if  they  peaceably  surrendered,  they  should  have 
good  quarter,^  &c.  They  seeing  the  Indians  and 
English  come  so  thick  upon  thsm,  were  so  surprised, 
that  many  of  them  stood  still  and  let  the  English 
come  and  take  the  guns  out  of  their  hands,  when 
they  were  both  charged  and  cocked. 

Many,  both  men,  women  and  children  of  the  ene- 
my,  were    imprisoned    at   this  time;    while  Philip, 

*  This  swamp  was  on  tljo  west  side  of  Tuunton  river,  in 
Mattapoiset  iieciv  in  Bwanzey. 

f  A  brother  to  Jabez  Howiand  before  mentioned,  and  son  of 
the  first  John  Howiand,  whoso  name  lives  among  the  celebrated 
FORTY  ONE.    See  note  1,  page  89. 

J  We  may  conclude  that  Mr.  Hubbard  is  more  correct  in  his 
account  of  tiiis  afi'air  tiiaii  our  autiior;  he  says,  tiiat  one  of 
Churcli'a  Indians  called  to  them  in  their  own  language,  &c.,  which 
from  the  circunisfcinoe  that  Mr.  Ciiurch  could  not  speak  Indian 
is  creditable.    Nur.  223. 


!_: ._ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


118 


Tispaquin,  Totoson,*  &c.,  concluded  that  the  Eng- 
lish would  pursue  them  upon  their  tracks,  so  were 
waylaying  [them]*  at  the  first  end  of  the  swamp; 
hoping  thereby  to  gain  a  shot  upon  Captain  Church, 
who  was  now  better  employed  in  taking  prisoners, 
and  running  them  into  a  valley,  in  form  something 
[ — f  like  a  punch  bowl;  and  appointing  a  guard 
of  two  files,  treble  armed  with  guns  taken  from  the 

But  Philip  having  waited  all  this  while  in  vain, 
enemy. 

now  moves  on  after  the  rest  of  his  company  to  see 
what  was  become  of  them.  And  by  this  time  Cap- 
tain Church  had  got  into  the  swamp  ready  to  meet 
him,  and  as  it  happened  made  the  first  discovery, 
clapped  behind  a  tree,  until  Philip's  company  came 
pretty  near,  and  then  fired  upon  them;  killed  many 
of  them,  and  a  close  skirmish  followed.  Upon  this 
Philip  having  grounds  sufllicient  to  suspect  the  event 
of  his  company  that  went  before  them,  fled  back  upon 
his  own  track ;  and  coming  to  the  place  where  the 
atnhush  lay,  they  fired  on  each  other,  and  one  Lucas 
of  Plymouth,  not  being  so  careful  as  he  might  have 
been  about  his  stand,  was  killed  by  the  Indians. 

In  this  swamp  skirmish  Captain  Church,  with  his 
two  men  who  always  ran  by  his  side,  as  his  guard, 
met  with  three  of  the  enemy,  two  of  which  surren- 
dered themselves,  and  the  Captain's  guard  seized 
them,  but  the  other,  being  a  great,  stout,  surly  fellow, 

'  [their  tracks]  *  [sliaped] 

*A  son  of  tlie  noted  Sam  Barrow.  Totoson,  as  will  pr&. 
sently  be  seen,  died  of  grief  for  tlie  destruction  of  his  family, 
and  loss  of  his  country.  He  was  one  of  the  six  Narraganset 
sachems  tiiat  subscribed  tlie  treaty  in  Julj%  1675.  His  prin- 
cipal  place  of  resort  was  in  Rochester,  on  the  left  of  the  main 
road  as  you  pass  from  the  village  of  Rochester  to  Mattapoi- 
set,  and  about  two  miles  from  the  latter.  It  was  a  piece  of 
high  ground  in  a  large  swamp,  connected  to  the  high  land  by 
a  narrow  neck,  over  which,  all  had  to  pass  to  visit  him.  The 
road  passes  near  where  this  ."■»ck  joins  the  high  ground.  MS, 
Recoiled  ions. 


110 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


with  his  two  locks  tied  up  with  red,  and  a  great  rat«. 
tlesnake's  skin  hanging  to  the  back  part  of  his  head, 
(who  Captain  Church  concluded  to  be  Totoson)  ran 
from  tliem  into  the  swamp.  Captain  Church  in  per- 
son pursued  him  close,  till  coming  pretty  near  up 
with  him,  presented  his  gun  between  hist  shoulders, 
but  it  missing  tire,  the  Indian  perceiving  it,  turned 
and  presented  at  Captain  Church,  [but  his  gun]^ 
missing  fire  also;  (their  guns  taking  wet  with  the  fog 
and  dew  of  the  morning)  [and]^  the  Indian  turning 
short  for  another  run,  his  foot  tripped  in  a  small  grape 
vine,  and  he  fell  flat  on  his  face.  Captain  Church 
was  by  this  time  up  with  him,  and  struck  the  muzzle 
of  his  gun,  an  inch  and  a  half,  into  the  back  part  of 
his  head,  which  despatched  him  without  another 
blow.*  IJut  Captain  Church  looking  behind  him, 
saw  Totoson,  the  Indian  whom  he  thought  he  had 
killed,  conie  flying  at  him  like  a  dragon;  but  this 
happened  to  be  fair  in  sight  of  the  guard  that  were 
set  to  keep  the  prisoners,  who,  spying  Totoson  and 
others  that  were  i'oilowing  him,  in  the  very  seasonable 
juncture  made  a  shot  upon  them,  and  rescued  their 
Captain;  though  he  was  in  no  small  danger  from  his 
friends'  bullets;  for  some  of  them  came  so  near  him 
that  he  thought  he  felt  the  wind  of  them. 

The  skirmish  being  over,  they  gathered  their  pri- 
soners together,  and  found  the  number  that  they  had 
killed  and  taken,  was  one  hundred  arid  seventy-three, 
(the  prisoners  which  they  took  over  night  included) 
who  aftci  the  skirmish,  came  to  them  as  they  were 
ordered. f 

Now  having  no  provisions  but  what  they  took  from 
■  [and]  » [but] 

*  It  CJiiinot,  now,  be  ascertiiined  wlio  tlii*"  Indian  wurriour  was, 
but  his  bravery  waa  not  unequal,  perhafis,  ti  'luinberless  civilized 
warriours  wiioae  individual  fame  has  filled  far  bulkier  books 
than  this. 

t  These  exploits  took  up  two  days,  namely  the  2,  and  3 
August. 


(r^ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


11? 


the  enemy,  they  hastened  to  Bridgewa^.  ,  senoing  an 
express  before  to  provide  for  them,  their  company 
being  now  very  numerous.* 

Tiie  gentlemen  of  Bridgewater  met  Captain  Church 
with  great  expressions  of  honour  and  thanks,  and  re- 
ceived him  and  his  army  with  all  due  respect  and 
kind  treatment. 

Captain  Church  drove  his  prisoners  (that  niuhO 
into  Bridgewater  pound,  and  set  his  Indian  soldiers 
to  guard  them.  They  being  well  treated  with  victu- 
als and  drink,  thev  had  a  merry  night,  and  the  piison- 
ers  laughed  as  loud  as  the  "^soldiers;  not  being  so 
treated  [for]  a  long  time  before. 

Some  of  the  Indians  now  said  to  Captain  Church, 
"Sir,  you  have  now  made  Philip  ready  to  die,  for 
you  have  made  him  as  poor  and  miserable  as  he  used 
to  make  the  English;  for  you  have  now  killed  or 
taken  all  [of]  his  relations;  that  they  believed  he 
would  now  soon  have  his  head,  and  that  this  bout 
had  almost  broken  his  heart," 

The  next  dayf  Captain  Church  moved,  and  arriv- 
ed with  all  his  prisoners  safe  at  Plymouth.  The 
great  English  army  was  now  at  Taunton,  and  Major 
Talcot,J  with  the  Connecticut  forces,  being  in  these 
parts  of  the  country,  did  considerable  spoil  upon  the 
enemy. 

•  Church  had  but  about  80  Englislimen  and  20  reconciled 
Indians,  says  Hubbard,  223,  as  before  noted;  and  that  he 
took  about  163  prisoners.  It  is  probable  that  lie  is  a  little 
out  of  the  way  in  the  former,  as  well  as  the  latter  part  of  the 
statement. 

t  August  14. 

t  Major  John  Talcot.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  have 
no  account  of  this  military  chieftain  in  a  biographical  work. 
There  are  many  of  this  class,  which,  should  they  receiva  a 
small  part  of  the  attention  bestowed  on  some  obscure  charac- 
ters, would  add  much  to  the  value  of  such  works.  I  have 
little  information  of  Major  Talcot,,  except  what  is  contain- 
ed  in  the  valuable  History  of  Connecticut.  In  note  1,  on 
pago  107,  a  few  of  his  exploits  are  sketched;  but  about  this 
tim*'  he  was  as  busy  £is   Church,  and  performed  very  signal 


4 
^ 


I 


IIR 


I'llILlP'S  WAR. 


Now  C'liptaiii  (.'liuicli  l)cinK  arrived  fit  Plymouth 
received  thanks  iVum  the  g<»v('riimt.'nt  for  liis  good 
service,  etc.  Many  of  his  soldiers  were  disbanded, 
niid  he  thoiniht  to  rest  himself  awhile;  l)eiii}j;  much 
fatigued,  and  his  health  impaired,  by  excessive  heats  , 
and  colds,  wading  through  rivers,  iScc.  But  it  was 
not  long  before  ho  was  called  upoti  to  rally,  upon 
ndvico  that  some  of  the  enemy  were  discovered  in 
Dartu)outh  woods. 

lie  took  his  Indians  and  as  many  English  volun- 
teers as  presented  to  go  with  him ;  scattering  into 
small  parcels,  Mr.  Jal)ez  Ilowland  (who  was  now, 
and  often,  his  Lieutenant,  and  a  worthy  good  soldier) 
\\iu\  the  fortune  to  discover  and  imprison  a  parcel 
of  the  enemy.  In  the  evening  they  met  together  at 
an  appointetl  place,  and  byexaminiii:  the  jjrisoners 
they  gained  intelligence  ol  Totoson  •  huunt.*  And 
being  brisk  in  the  morning,  they  soon  gained  an  ad- 
vantage of  Totoson's  company,!  though  he  himself, 

aervicos.  After  ho  hud  rcmiited  liis  men  at  homo  a  short 
tiino,  lio  received  intelligeiiee  that  ii  huge  body  of  Indiana 
were  lleeing  to  tho  westward.  Major  Talcot  overtook  them 
near  the  close  of  the  tliird  day,  between  Westfield  and  Albii- 
ny  on  tho  west  Hide  of  housatoniek  river.  On  the  following 
morning  ho  divided  liis  ni  n  into  two  parties;  one  was  to 
croHs  tho  river  mid  come  u;  jn  their  front,  at  the  same  time 
tho  other  fell  UfMin  their  rear.  This  well  concerted  plan 
ciimo  near  being  ruined;  as  the  first  party  were  crossing  the 
river  they  were  discovered  by  one  of  the  enemy  who  wiis 
out,  (ishing.  Ho  hallooed,  "Awannu.x!  Awanna.\!"  and  was 
immediately  shot  down.  This  surprised  tho  enemy,  and 
the  gun  wius  taken  for  tiio  signal  to  begin  iho  onset  by  the 
other  narty,  who  discharged  upon  them  as  they  were  rising 
from  Hlecp.  All  that  wc/'o  not  killed  or  wounded  lied  into 
tho  •woods  which  were  very  thick,  and  tho  pursuit  was  given 
up.  t'orty-iivo  of  tho  enemy  were  killed  and  taken,  among 
tho  farinor  was  the  sachem  of  Quabaog.  The  army  now 
retunieil.  Tho  ]\Iajor  had  at  first  3jO  men  beside  friendly 
Indians. 

•  See  note  on  page  115. 

fllnblird,  Nar.  S232,  says  that  about  fifty  were  taken  ai 
tliiii  time. 


1 


n 


TOTOSOJf.       P.  118. 


I  if 


I 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


lit 


with  his  son  about  eight  years  old,  made  their  escape, 
and  one  old  squaw  with  them,  to  Agawoin,*  his  own 
country.  Dut  Sam  Barrow,t  as  nt'ted  a  rogue  as 
any  among  the  enemy,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Eng- 
lish at  this  time.  Captain  Church  told  him,  that  he- 
cause  of  his  inhuman  murders  and  hnrharities,  the 
Court  had  allowed  him  no  quiirfcr,  l»iit  was  to  he 
forthwith  put  to  death ;  and  therefore  he  was  to  pre- 
pare tor  it.  Harrow  replied,  tluit  the  sentence  of 
death  against  him  was  just,  and  that  indeed  he  was 
asliamed  to  live  any  longer,  and  desired  no  more  fa- 
vour, than  to  smoke  a  whilV  of  tobacco  i)efore  his 
execution.  When  he  had  taken  a  few  vvhills,  he  said, 
he  was  ready ;  upon  wliich  one  of  Captain  Church's 
Indians  sunk  his  hatchet  into  his  brains. 

The  famous  Totoson  arriving  at  Agawom.J  his 
son,§  which  was  the  last  that  was  left  of  the  family, 
(Captain  Church  having  destroyed  all  the  rest)  tell 
sick.  The  wretch  redecling  ufion  the  miserable  con- 
dition he  hnd  brought  himself  into,  his  heart  became 
a  stone  within  him,  and  [he]  died.  The  old  scpiaw 
Hung  a  few  leaves  and  brush  over  him,  came  into 
Sandwich,  and  gave  this  account  of  his  death;  and 
oHered  to  show  them  where  she  left  his  body  ;  but 
never  had  the  opportunity,  for  she  immediately  fell 
sick  and  died  also. 

*  In  Rochester. 

+ 1  find  notliing  more  recorded  of  Rarrow,  tlr  n  what  is  here 

een.  It  appears  that  he  had  been  a  noted  villain,  and  perhaps 
sentence  was  just.  Hut  he  was  an  okl  man,  and  would  iiave 
died  soon  enough  without  murdering.  No  doubt  he  made  great 
efforts  to  redeem  his  siiiliing  country,  an  account  of  wliicii  can- 
not be  had  at  this  day,  wliich  witli  many  others  we  have  greatly 
to  lament  the  loss  of  with  the  generations  to  come. 

J(Scve'-al  places  were  called  Agawom;  [or  Agawam]  as  nt 
Ipswich  and  Springfield ;  this  Agawom  lies  in  Wareham.) 

It  is  probable  that  Totoson  had  other  places  of  resort  as  well 
as  in  Rociiester,  but  that  described  in  note  on  page  115,  ia  sup- 
posed  to  be  the  principal. 

5 Totoson,  son  of  Su  \  Rarrow,  is  meant. 


I  I 


120 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Captain  CImrch  bein<T  now  at  Plymouth  again, 
weary  and  worn,  would  have  gone  home  to  his  wife 
and  family,  but  the  government  being  solicitous  to 
engage  iiim  in  the  service  until  Philip  was  slain  ;  and 
promising  him  satisfaction  and  redress  for  some  nns- 
treatment  that  he  had  met  with,  he  fixes  for  another 
expedition. 

He  had  soon  volunteers  enough  to  make  up  llie 
company  he  desired,  and  marched  through  the 
woods,  until  he  came  to  Pocasset.  And  not  seeing 
or  hearing  of  any  of  the  enemy,  they  went  over  the 
ferry  to  llhodeisland,  to  refresh  themselves.  The 
Captain  with  about  half  a  dozen  in  his  company, 
took  horses  and  rode  about  eight  miles  down  the 
island,  to  Mr.  Sanford's,  where  he  had  left  his  wife.* 
[She]'  no  sooner  saw  him,  but  fainted  with  surprise; 
and  by  that  time  she  was  a  little  revived,  they  spied 
two  horsemen  coming  a  great  pace.  Captain  Church 
told  his  company,  that  "  Those  men  (by  their  riding) 
come  with  tidings."  When  they  came  up,  they  prov- 
ed to  be  Major  Sanford,t  and  Captain  Golding. 
[They]'^  immediately  asked  Captain  Church,  what 
he  would  give  to  hear  some  news  of  Philip?  He  re- 
plied, that  [that]  was  what  he  wanted.  They  told 
him,  [that]  they  had  rode  hard  with  some  hopes  of 
overtaking  him,  and  were  now  come  on  purpose  to 
inform  him,  that  there  were  just  now  tidings  from 
Mounthope.  An  Indian  came  down  from  thence 
(where  Philip's  camp  now  was)  [ — Y  to  Sandy  point, 
over  against  Trip's,  and  hallooed,  and  made  signs  to 
•[who]  »[wlio]  '[on] 

*  This  was  on  the  1 1  August. 

t  The  snme  very  prob.nbly,  who  .nrrestcd  Sir  Edmund  Andres 
nt  R.  I.  in  1689.  Andros  was  tiicn  a  prisoner  at  the  castle  in 
Boston  harbour,  when  iiis  servant,  by  tlie  assistance  of  Bacchus, 
caused  the  sentinel  to  let  him  stand  in  his  stead,  and  Sir  Ednnnid 
escaped.  Hutchinson,  I,  341).  The  name  is  not  uniformly  spelt. 
!•!  the  text  of  Hutchinson,  the  first  d  is  omitted,  as  in  our  text 
page  102,  but  in  liis  I'\t!ex  two  des  are  used. 


PHILIP'S  SVAU. 


121 


bo  ^el./ikc.Al  over.  And  being  fetched  over,  he  report- 
ed, thai  irtJ  ♦/bis  fled  from  Philip,  "  who  (said  he)  has 
killed  my  ito\\\'3r  just  before  I  came  away,  for  giv- 
ing some  advice  ihat  displeased  him."*'  And  said, 
[that]  he  was  rtei^  for  feur  of  meeting  witli  the  same 
his  brother  had  met  with.  Told  them  also,  tliut 
Philip  was  now  in  Mo^nthope  neck.  Captain  Ciiurch 
thanked  them  for  their  good  news,  and  said,  [that] 
he  hoped  by  to-morrow  morning  to  have  the  rogue's 
head.  The  horses  that  he  and  his  company  came 
on,  standing  at  the  door,  (for  they  had  not  been  un- 
saddled) his  wife  must  content  herself  with  a  short 
visit,  when  such  game  was  ahead.  They  immediate- 
ly mounted,  set  s|)urs  to  their  horses,  and  away. 

The  two  gentlemen  that  brought  him  the  tidings, 
told  him,  [that]  they  would  gladly  wait  upon  him  to 
see  the  event  of  the  expedition.  He  thanked  them, 
and  told  them,  [that]  he  should  be  as  fond  of  their 
company  as  any  men's ;  iuid  (in  short)  they  went 
with  him.  And  they  were  soon  at  Trip's  ferry,  (with 
Captain  Church's  company)  where  the  deserter  was. 
[He]'  was  a  fellow  of  good  sense,  and  told  his  story 
handsomely.  He  offered  Captain  Church,  to  pilot 
him  to  Philip,  and  to  help  to  kill  him,  that  he  might 
revenge  his  brother's  death.  Told  him,  that  Philip 
was  now  upon  a  little  spot  of  upland,  that  was  in  the 
south  end  of  the  miry  swamj),  just  at  the  foot  of  the 
mount,  which  was  a  spot  of  ground  that  Captain 
Church  was  well  ac(piainted  with. 

By  that  time  tiiey  were  over  the  ferry>  and  came 
near  the  ground, half  the  night  was  spent.  The  Cap- 
tain commands  a  halt,  and  bringing  the  company  to- 
irethcr,  he  asked  Major  Sanford's  and  Captain  Gild- 
ing's advice,  what  method  [it]  was  best  to  take  in 
makiihg  the  onset;  but  they  declined  giving  him  auj 

1  [wlio] 

,•  Mr.  Hubbard  says  that  it  was  for  ad'fising  him  to  make 
peace  with  t^e  Enghsh. 
F 


123 


I'lIILlP'S  WAR. 


odviue  i  telling  him,  that  his  great  experience  iuiii 
success  forbid  their  taking  upon  tiiem  to  give  advice. 
Then  Captain  Church  offered  Captain  Golding  [ — ]' 
the  honour  (if  he  would  please  accept  of  it)  to  beat 
up  Philip's  headquarters.  He  accepted  the  offer 
and  had  his  allotted  number  drawn  out  to  him,  and 
the  pilot.  Captain  Church's  instructions  to  'lim 
were,  to  be  very  careful  in  his  approach  to  the  ene- 
my, and  be  sure  not  to  show  himself,  until  by  day- 
li^^rht  they  might  see  and  discern  their  own  men  from 
the  enemy  ;  told  him  also,  that  his  custom  in  like 
rases,  was,  to  creep  with  his  company,  on  their  bel- 
lies, until  they  came  as  near  as  they  could  ;  and  that 
us  soon  as  the  enemy  discovered  them,  they  would 
cry  out,  and  that  was  the  word  for  his  men  to  fire 
and  fall  on.  [He]  directed  him,  [that]  when  the 
eni-my  should  start  and  take  into  the  swamp,  [that] 
they  should  pursue  with  speed  ;  every  man  shouting 
and  making  what  noise  [he]^  could ;  for  he  would 
give  orders  to  his  ambuscade  to  fire  on  any  that 
should  come  silently. 

Captain  Church  knowing  that  it  was  Philip's  cus- 
tom to  be  foremost  in  the  flight,  went  down  to  the 
swamp,  and  pave  Captain  Williams  of  Scituate  the 
conunand  of  the  right  wing  of  the  ambush,  and  pla- 
ced an  Englishman  and  an  Indian  together  behind 
such  shelters  of  trees,  &c.,  [as]'*  lio  could  find,  and 
took  care  to  place  them  at  such  distance,  that  none 


miglit 


pass  undiscovered  between  them  ;   charged 


tiiem  to  be  careful  of  themselves,  and  of  hurting 
fhnr  friends,  and  to  fire  at  any  that  should  come  si- 
lently  through  the  swamp.  But  [it]  being  somewliat 
further  through  the  swamp  than  he  was  aware  of,  he 
wanted  men  t\)  make  up  his  ambuscade. 

Having  placed  what  men  he  had,  he  took  Major 

Snnford  by  the  hand,  [and]  said,  "  Sir  I  have  so  pla- 

cetl   them   that  it  is  scarce   possible  Philip  should 

escnpe  them."     The  same  moment  a  shot  whistled 

» [that  he  should  hj   e]        2  f  they]        3  [that] 


II 


DEATH  OF  KlffO  PUILIF.       P.  IM. 


L. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


123 


over  their  heads,  and  then  the  noise  of  a  gun  towards 
Philip's  catnp.  Captain  Church,  at  first,  thought 
[that]  it  might  be  some  gun  fired  by  accident ;  but 
before  he  could  speak,  a  whole  volley  followed,  which 
was  earlier  than  he  expected.  One  of  Philip's  gang 
going  forth  to  ease  himself,  when  he  had  done,  look- 
ed round  him,  ana  Captain  Goldiiig  thought  [that] 
the  Indian  looked  right  at  him,  (though  probably  it 
was  but  his  conceit)  so  fired  at  him  ;  and  upon  his 
firing,  the  whole  company  that  were  with  him  fired 
upon  the  enemy's  shelter,  before  the  Indians  had 
time  to  rise  from  their  sleep,  and  so  over  shot  them. 
But  their  shelter  was  open  on  that  side  next  the 
swamp,  built  so  on  purpose  for  the  convenience  of 
flight  on  occasion.  They  were  soon  in  the  swamp, 
but  Philip  the  foremost,  who  started  at  the  first  gun, 
threw  his  petunk  and  powderhorn  over  his  head, 
catched  up  his  gun,  and  ran  as  fast  as  he  could 
scamper,  without  any  more  clothes  than  his  small 
breeches  and  stockings ;  and  ran  directly  on  two  of 
Captain  Church's  ambush.  They  let  him  come  fair 
within  shot,  and  the  Englishman's  gun  missing  fire, 
he  bid  the  Indian  fire  away,  and  he  did  so  to  [the] 
purpose ;  sent  one  musket  bullet  through  his  i)eart, 
and  another  not  above  two  inches  from  it.  He  fell 
upon  his  face  in  the  mud  and  water,  with  his  gun  un- 
der him.* 


*  Thus  fell  the  celebrated  King  Pliilip,  the  iinphicable  enemy 
of  civiliz.ition.  Never,  perhap-  did  the  fall  of  any  prini-e  or 
Wixrriour  aflbrd  so  much  space  >r  solid  rejection.  Had  the 
resources  of  this  hero  been  eqtial  )  those  of  his  enemies,  wliat 
would  have  been  their  fate  ?  This  t  terminating  war  had  not  been 
known  to  millions!  How  vast  tiie  i  utrast!  when  this  country 
Is  viewed  in  its  present  populous  and  nourishing  state,  extending 
over  thousands  of  miles,  and  the  sound  of  civilization  emanating 
from  every  part;  and  when  presented  to  the  imagination  in  the 
days  of  Philip;  with  only  here  and  there  a  solitary  dwelling 
surrounded  with  an  endless  wilderness. 

Before  the  fall  of  Philip,  t  e  Indians  for  some  time  iiad  been 
looting    ground,    and    wer»     considered    aa    nearly    subdued, 


'  w 

•If      1 

tt't- 

?     SI- 

II 

1    k 

HI   1'  ^ 

111! 

Iji 

124 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


By  this  time  the  enemy  perceived  [that]  they  were 
waylaid  on  the  east  side  of  the  swamp,  [and]  tacked 
short  about.  One  of  the  enemy,  who  seemed  to  be 
a  great,  surly  old  fellow ;  hallooed  with  a  loud  voice, 
and  often  called  out,  "  lootash,  lootash.^^*  Captain 
Church  called  to  his  Indian,  Peter,  and  asked  him, 
who  that  was  that  called  so  9  He  answered,  that  it 
was  old  Annawon,f  Philip's  gre<at  Captain ;  calling 

but  this  event  clearly  decided  their  fate  ;  doubts  were  no 
longer  entertained  of  their  appearing  formidable.  To  this 
memorable  and  important  event,  we  are  able  to  fix  the  date, 
with  that  certuinty,  which  adds  lustre  to  the  pages  of  histo- 
ry. Other  historians  agree  that  it  was  on  the  12  August, 
and  this  history  clearly  indicates  that  it  was  on  ih",  morning 
of  a  certain  dav,  which,  therefore,  falls  on  Saturday  morning; 
12  August,  1676.  Mr.  Hubbard,  Nar.  226,  says,  "With 
Philip  at  this  time  fell  five  of  his  trustiest  folbwtrs."  To 
know  their  names  would  be  a  relief. 

•This  is  evidently  a  word  of  three  syllables,  and  is  very  easy 
to  pronounce.  It  should  be  thus  divided,  1-oo-tash  ;  giving  ili'e 
second  syllable  the  same  sound  that  oo  has  in  moose,  mood, 
&c.  Why  Dr.  Morse  should  alter  this  word  to  Tootash,  I 
cannot  account.  It  is  certainly  an  unwarrantable  deviation 
and  should  not  be  countenanced.  See  Annals  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,  53,  and  the  edition  of  1820  of  his  Hist.  N. 
England. 

t  This  word  also,  the  author  of  the  Annals  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution  has  thought  proper  to  alter  to  Anawon  ;  this, 
however,  is  less  important  than  that  mentioned  in  the  last 
note,  but  should  not  be  warranted.  Some  contend  that  its 
termination  should  be  written  toan,  as  being  i  lore  agreeable 
to  analogy.  I  cannot  think  that  it  is  ;  because  the  author, 
without  doubt,  intended  by  the  termination  won,  to  convey 
the  sound  of  toun,  and  not  that  heard  in  swan. 

What  is  preserved  of  this  warriour  is  found  in  this  history. 
His  principal  camp  was  in  Squannaconk  swamp,  in  Keho- 
both,  where  he  was  taken  by  Church,  as  will  presently  be 
seen.  In  a  preceding  page,  'fyasks  was  called  the  next  man 
to  Philip  ;  but,  that  Annawon  stood  in  that  place,  is  evident 
from  his  being  possessed  of  that  chief's  royalties  after  he  was 
killed.  Mr.  Hubbard  spys  that  a  son  of  Philip's  chief  Captain 
was  killed  when  Phdip  was.  But  as  it  is  not  possible  for  me 
to  ascertain  with  certainty  who  he  means  by  Philip's  cliief 
Captain,  we  cannot  tell  whether  he  were  a  son  of  Annawou 
or  not  I  but  it  appears  quite  {.robable  to  me  that  he  was. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


125 


on  his  soldiers  to  stand  to  it,  and  fight  stoutly.  Now 
the  enemy  finding  that  place  of  the  swamp  which 
was  not  ambushed,  many  of  them  made  their  escape 
in  the  English  tracks. 

The  man  that  had  shot  down  Philip,  ran  with  all 
speed  to  Captain  Church,  and  informed  him  of  his 
exploit,  who  commanded  him  to  be  silent  about  it 
and  let  no  man  more  know  it,  until  they  had  driven 
the  swamp  clean.  But  when  they  had  driven  the 
swamp  through,  and  found  [that]  the  enemy  had 
escaped,  or  at  least,  the  most  of  them,  and  the  sun 
now  up,  and  so  the  dew  gone,  that  tliey  could  not 
easily  track  them,  the  whole  company  met  together 
at  the  place  where  the  enemy's  night  shelter  was. 
and  then  Captain  Church  gave  them  the  news  of 
Piiilip's  d-iath.  Upon  which  the  whole  army  gave 
three  loud  huzzas. 

Captain  Church  ordered  his  body  to  be  pulled  out 
of  the  mire  to  the  upland.  So  some  of  Captain 
Church's  Indians  took  hold  of  him  by  his  stockings, 
and  some  by  his  small  breeches,  (being  otherwise 
naked)  and  drew  him  through  the  mud  to  the  up- 
land;  and  a  doleful,  great,  naked,  dirty  beast  he 
looked  like.*  Captain  Church  then  said,  that  foras- 
much as  he  had  caused  many  an  Englishman's  body 
to  be  unburied,  and  to  rot  above  ground,  that  not 
one  of  his  bones  should  be  buried.  And  calling  his 
old  Indian  executioner,  bid  him  behead  and  quarter 
him.  Accordingly  he  came  with  his  hatchet  and 
stood  over  him,  but  before  he  struck  he  made  a  small 
speech  directing  it  to  Philip,  [which  was,  that]*  "he 
had  been  a  very  great  man,  and  had  made  many  a 
man  afraid  of  him,  but  so  big  as  he  was,  he  would  now 

1  [and  said] 

*  How  natural  is  the  propuiisity  of  man,  to  exult  in  the  fall  of 
his  enemy !  However  jjreat  or  brave,  if  the  yreat  disposer  of 
events  ,rei:ders  him  unprolitably  so,  no  allowance  is  made  in  tlio 
day  of  victory,  tliouyh  tlw  honour  of  the  conaueror  is  measured 
by  that  of  his  foe. 


I)*: 


12C 


PHILIP'S  WAR 


chop  him  in  pieces."*  And  so  he  went  to  work 
and  did  as  he  was  ordered. f 

Philip  having  one  very  remarkable  hand,  being 
much  scarred,  occasioned  by  the  splitting  of  a  pis- 
tol in  it  formerly,  Captain  Church  gave  the  head 
and  that  hand  to  Alderman,^  the  Indian  who  shot 
liim,  to  show  to  such  gentlemen  as  would  bestow  gra- 
tuities upon  him ;  and  accordingly  he  got  many  a 
penny  by  it. 

This  being  on  the  last  day  of  the  week,  the  Cap- 
tain with  his  company,  returned  to  the  island,  [and] 
tarried  there  until  Tuesday  ;§  and  then  went  on  and 
ranged  through  all  the  woods  to  Plymouth,  and  re- 
ceived their  premium,  which  was  thirty  shillings  per 
nead,  for  the  enemies  which  they  had  killed  or  taken, 
instead  of  all  wages;  and  Philip's  head  went  at  the 
same  price.  Methinks  it  is  scr.nty  reward,  and  poor 
encouragement;  though  it  was  better  than  [it]'  had 

1  [what] 

•  Dr.  Morse  in  copying  from  this  history,  quotes  the  above 
speech  thus ;  "  You  nave  been  one  very  great  man.  You 
have  made  many  a  man  afraid  of  you.  But  so  big  as  you  be, 
I  will  chop  you  in  pieces." 

t  Being  quartered  he  was  hanged  up,  and  his  head  carried 
in  triumph  to  Plymouth.  Magnalia,  II,  498,  499.  "  That 
very  night  [previous  to  his  death]  Philip  had  been  dreaming 
that  he  was  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  English  ;  and  now 
just  as  he  was  telling  his  dream,  with  advice  unto  his  friends 
to  fly  for  their  lives,  lest  the  knave  who  had  newly  gone  from 
them  should  show  the  English  how  to  come  at  them,  Captain 
Church,  with  his  company,  fell  in  upon  them."  Ibid.  Per- 
liaps  this  story  deserves  as  much  credit  as  that  on  page  20, 
note  1.  Mr.  Hubbard,  no  doubt  heard  this  part  of  the  story, 
but  perhaps  not  having  as  much  faith  in  dreams  as  the  au- 
thor of  the  Magnalia,  thought  proper  to  omit  it. 

J  This  was  the  same  Indian,  whose  brother  was  killed, 
and  who  informed  the  English  where  to  find  Philip.  Trua* 
bull,  Hist.  Con.  I,  349. 

§  August  15. 


PHILIP'S  WAK. 


121 


been  some  time  before.  For  this  march  they  rcceiv- 
e<i/our  shiUinga  and.  sixpence  a  man,  wliich  was  all 
the  rev,  J  they  had,  except  the  honour  of  killing 
^hilip.     This  was  in  the  latter  end*  of  August,  1070. 

Captain  Church  had  been  but  a  little  while  at  Ply- 
mouth, before  a  post  from  llehoboth  came  to  inform 
the  Governour,  that  old  Annawon,  Philip's  chief  Cap- 
tain, was  with  his  company  ranging  about  their 
woods,  and  was  very  ott'ensive  and  pernicious  to  Rc- 
hoboth  and  Swanzey.  Captain  Church  was  imme- 
diately sent  for  again,  and  treated  with  to  engage  in 
one  expedition  more.  He  told  them,  [that]  their  en- 
couragement was  so  poor,  he  feared  [that]  his  sol- 
diers would  be  dull  about  going  again.  But  being 
a  hearty  friend  to  the  cause,  he  rallies  again,  goes  to 
Mr.  Jabez  Rowland,  his  old  Lieutenant,  and  some 
of  his  soldiers  that  used  to  go  out  with  him ;  told 
them  how  the  case  was  circumstanced,  and  that  he 
had  intelligence  of  old  Annawon's  walk  and  haunt, 
and  wanted  hands  to  hunt  hini.  They  did  not  want 
much  entreating,  but^told  him,  [that]  they  would  go 
with  him  as  long  as  the  .  was  an  Indian  left  in  the 
woods.  He  moved  and  ranged  through  the  woods 
to  Pocasset. 

It  being  the  latter  end  of  the  week,  he  proposed 
to  go  on  to  Rhodeisland,  and  rest  until  Monday: 
but  on  the  Lord's  day  morning,f  there  came  a  post 
to  inform  the  Captain,  that  early  the  same  morning, 
a  canoe  with  several  Indians  in  it,  passed  from  Pru- 
dence islandj  to  Poppasquash§  neck.  Captain 
Church   thought  if  he  could  possibly  surprise  them 

•  The  reason  of  this  anachronism  is  explained  in  note  1 
on  page  94. 

I  August  20. 

t  A  long  and  crooked  Island  on  the  west  side  of  Rhod»i 
island,  extending  from  near  the  centre  of  Rhodeisland  to 
Warwick  neck,  in  length  about  6  miles. 

§  (On  the  west  side  of  Bristol.) 

And  separated  from  it  by  Bristol  bay. 


1 ! 

J.wl 

i 

II      I 

I'iS 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


[thnt]  ho  might  probably  gain  some  intelligence  of 
more  gumo ;  therefore  he  made  all  possible  speed 
ulter  .hem.  The  ferry  boat  being  out  of  the  way 
ho  made  use  of  canoes.  But  by  that  time  they  hud 
nuide  two  freights,  and  had  got  over  about  fifteen  or 
Sixteen  of  his  Indians,  the  wind  sprung  up  with  such 
violence  that  canoes  could  no  more  pass.*  The 
Captain  seeing  it  was  impossible  for  any  more  of  his 
soldiers  to  come  to  him,  he  told  his  Indians,  [that] 
if  they  were  willing  to  go  with  him,  he  would  go  to 
Poppasquash,  and  see  if  they  could  catch  some  of 
the  enonjy  Indians.  They  were  willing  to  go,  but 
were  sorry  [that]  they  had  no  English  soldiers. f 
So  they  marched  through  the  thickets  thot  they 
might  not  be  discovered,  until  they  came  unto  the 
salt  mcndow,  to  the  northward  of  Bristol  town,  that 
now  is,  [when]  ^  they  heard  a  gun ;  the  Captain 
looked  about,  not  knowing  but  it  might  be  some  of 
his  own  company  in  the  rear.  So  halting  till  they  all 
came  up,  ho  found  [that]  it  was  none  of  his  own 
company  that  tired. 

Now,  though  he  had  but  a 'few  men,  [he]  was 
minded  to  send  some  of  them  out  on  a  scout.  He 
moved  it  to  Captain  Lightfoot  to  go  with  three 
[others]  *  on  a  scout ;  he  said  [that]  he  was  willing, 
provided  the  Captain's  man,  Nathaniel  (which  was 
an  Indian  they  had  lately  taken)  might  be  one  of 
them,  because  he  was  well  acquainted  with  the 
1  [th'-n]  2  [more] 

•  This  event  was  but  a  few  days  more  than  one  hundred 

{'ears  before  the  celebrated  passage  of  Washington  over  the 
Delaware  to  attack  the  Hessians  at  Trenton,  which  has  been 
w)  beautifully  described  by  Barlow,  See  his  Columbiad,  B. 
vi.  line  91  to  214.  Perhaps  this  expedition  of  the  lieroick 
Church,  in  the  small  days  of  Newengland  was  of  as  much 
oonscquence  as  greater  ones  were  a  century  alter.  It  is  not 
iniposHible,  but  tliat  another  Barlow  may  arise  and  sing  over 
the  events  of  these  days  of  yore      A  vast  theme  for  a  poet! 

t  They  had  one  or  more  Englishmen  in  the  company  aa 
will  appear  presently. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


coming 


lately  from 


among 


129 
Uiom,  knew 


neck,  and 

how  lo  cull  them. 

The  Captain  bid  him  choose  his  three  companions, 
and  go ;  and  if  they  came  across  any  of  the  enemy, 
not  to  kill  them  if  they  could  possibly  take  them 
alive,  that  they  might  gain  intelligence  concerning 
Aiinawon.  The  Captain  with  the  rest  of  his  com- 
pany moved  but  a  I'ttle  way  further  toward  Poppa- 
squash,  before  they  heard  another  gun,  which  seem- 
ed to  be  the  same  way  with  the  other,  but  further  olf ; 
but  they  made  no  halt  until  they  came  unto  the  nar- 
row of  Poppasquash  neck;  where  Captain  Church 
left  three  men  more  to  watch,  [and  see]  if  any  should 
c'»me  out  of  the  neck,  and  to  inform  the  scout,  when 
they  returned,  whicii  way  he  was  gone. 

He  parted  tho  remainder  of  his  company,  half  on 
one  side  of  the  neck,  and  the  other  with  himself  went 
on  the  other  side,  [ — ]  ^  until  they  met ;  and  meeting 
neither  with  Indians  nor  canoes,  returned  big  with  ex- 
pectations of  tidings  by  their  scout.  But  when  they 
came  back  to  the  three  men  at  the  narrow  of  the 
n3ck,  they  told  their  Captain  [that]  the  scout,  [had]" 
not  returned,  [and]  had  heard  nor  seen  any  thmg  of 
them.  This  filled  them  with  thoughts  of  what  should 
become  of  them.  By  that  time  they  had  sat  and 
waited  an  hour  longer,  it  was  very  dark,  and  they 
despaired  of  their  returning  to  them. 

Some  of  the  Indians  told  their  Captain,  [that] 
they  feared  his  new  man,  Nathaniel,  had  met  with  his 
old  Mounthope  friends,  and  [ — ]^  turned  rogue. 
They  concluded  to  make  no  fires  that  night,  (and 
indeed  they  had  no  great  need  of  any)  for  they  had 
no  victuals  to  cook,  [ — ]*  not  so  much  as  a  morsel 
of  bread  with  them. 

They  took  up  their  lodgings  scattering,  that  if  pos- 
sibly their  scout  should  come  in  the  night,  and  whis- 
tle, (which  was  their   sign)  some  or  other  of  them 
might   hear   them.     They  had  a  very  solitary,  hun« 
1  [of  the  neck]        2  [^as]         3  [was]         -»  [had] 
r  9 


130 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


pry  niplit;  and  as  soon  a^  the  diiy  brokt,*  they  drew 
ott'  tlirou^li  the  brush  to  a  hill  without  the  neek. 
And  lookiiij?  about  them  they  espied  one  Indian  man 
eome  running  somewhat  towards  them.  The  Cap- 
tain ordered  one  man  to  step  out  and  show  himself. 
Upon  this  the  Indian  ran  right  to  him,  and  who 
should  it  bo  but  Captain  Lightfoot,  to  their  great 
joy.  Captain  Church  asked  him  what  news'?  He 
answered,  "Good  news;"  [that]  they  were  all 
well,  and  had  catehed  ten  Indians;  and  that  they 
guarded  them  all  night  in  one  of  ti»c  flankers  of  the 
old  English  garrison;!  that  their  prisoners  were 
part  of  Annawon's  company,  and  that  they  had  lell 
their  families  in  a  swamp  above  Mattapoiset  neck. J 
And  as  they  were  marching  towards  the  old  garrison, 
Lightfoot  gave  Captain  Church  a  particular  account 
of  their  exploit,  viz.;  that  presently  after  thoy  left 
him,  they  heard  another  gun,  which  seemed  toward 
the  Indian  burying  place;  and  moving  that  way, 
they  discovered  two  of  the  enemy  flaying  of  a  horse. 
The  scout  clapping  into  the  brush,  Nathaniel  bid 
them  sit  down,  and  he  would  presently  call  all  tlio 
Indians  thereabout  unto  him.  They  hid,  and  he 
went  a  little  distance  back  from  them,  and  set  up  his 
note  and  howled  like  a  wolf.  One  of  the  two  im- 
mediately left  his  horse,  and  came  running  to  see 
who  was  there;  but  Nathaniel  howling  lower  and 
lowcf;  I'.ew  him  in  between  those  that  lay  in  waif 
ior  Jiim,  who  seized  him.  Nathaniel  continuing  the 
i-anie  note,  the  other  left  the  horse  also,following  liis 
mate,  and  met  with  the  same.  When  they  caught 
these  two,  they  examined  thei\i  apart  and  found  them 

•  Monday  August  id. 

t  This  was  the  fort  that  was  built  in  June,  1675,  which 
Cl\urch  so  much  nisajtproved  of.  See  page  35.  it  was  j>ro« 
liiibly  of  more  service  now  than  it  had  ever  been  before,  if 
we  judge  from  any  account  since  given. 

t  (In  Swanzey.  Tlicre  is  another  Mattapoiset  in  Rocb* 
ester.) 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


1»1 


to  a^rco  in  tlicir  story ;  that  tlicro  ivero  ci^lit  more 
of  tliein  [ulio  carnej'  down  into  tlio  nocii  to  ftni 
provisions,  and  had  u<!;rced  to  inett  ut  the  l)iiryin^ 
place  tliat  evening.  These  two  being  some  of  N«- 
thuniePs  old  acquaintance,  he  had  great  inllueneo 
upon  tliem,  an<l  with  his  enticing  story,  (teUing  what 
a  brave  captain  he  had,  how  bravely  ho  lived  since 
he  had  lieen  with  him,  anrl  how  much  they  might 
betti.-r  their  condition  by  turning  to  him,  iSlc.,)  per 
suaded  and  engaged  them  to  be  on  his  side,  which, 
indeed,  now  began  to  be  the  better  side  of  the  hedge. 
They  waited  but  a  little  while  before  they  espied  the 
rest  of  theirs  coming  up  to  the  burying  place,  auid 
Nathaniel  soon  howled  them  in,  as  he  had  done  their 
mates  before. 

When  Captain  Church  came  to  tlie  garrison,  he 
met  his  Lieutenant,*  and  the  rest  of  his  company. 
And  then  making  up  good  firej  th"y  fell  to  roasting 
their  horse  beef,  enough  to  last  them  a  whole  day, 
but  had  not  a  morsel  of  bread,  though  salt  they  had, 
(which  they  always  carried  in  t!ieir  pockets,  [aiulj 
which  at  this  time  was  very  acceptable  to  them.) 

Their  next  motion  was  towards  tht;  j)lace  where 
the  prisoners  told  them  [that]  they  had  lell  their 
women  and  children,  and  surprised  tlictn  all  ;  and 
riome  others  that  [had]"  newly  come  to  ihcnj.  And 
upon  examination  they  held  to  one  st>>ry,  that  it  was 
hard  to  tell  whore  to  find  Annawon,  for  he  never 
roosted  tA'ice  in  a  place. 

Now  a  certain  Indian  soldier,  that  Captain  Church 
had  gained  over  to  be  on  his  side,  prayed  that  he 
might  liave  liberty  to  go  and  fvldi  in  his  father,  who, 
he  said,  was  about  four  miles  from  tliat  place,  in  n 
swamp,  with  no  other  than  a  young  s(juaw.  Captain 
Church  inclined  to  go  with  iiim.  thinking  [tha*J  it 
might  be  in  his  way  lo  grin  some  intelligence  of 
Annawon  ;  and  so  taking  "lie  Englishman  and  a  few 
1  [come]  2  [were] 

•  Mr.  .lal'fz  Howlanil 


ii.'.f 


132 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


1 1 


Indians  witli  him,  leaving  the  rest  there,  lie  went 
with  his  new  soldier  to  look  [after]  his  father. 

When  he  came  to  the  swamp,  he  bid  the  Indian 
go  [andj*  see  if  he  could  find  his  father.  He  was 
no  sooner  gone,  but  Captain  Church  discovered  a 
track  coming  down  out  of  the  woods ;  upon  which 
he  and  his  little  company  lay  close,  some  on  one 
side  of  the  track,  and  sonn  on  the  other.  They 
heard  the  Indian  soldier  makin<«  a  howlin^  for  his 
father,  and  at  length  somebody  answered  him  ;  but 
while  they  were  listening,  they  thought  [that]  they 
heard  somebody  coming  towards  them ;  presently 
[they]  saw  an  old  man  coming  up  with  a  gun  on  his 
shoulder,  and  a  young  woman  following  in  the  track 
which  they  lay  by.  They  let  them  come  up  between 
them,  and  then  started  up  and  laid  hold  of  them 
both.  Ca[)tain  Church  immediately  examined  them 
apart,  telling  them  what  they  must  trust  to,  if  they 
told  false  stories.  He  asked  the  young  woman,  what 
company  they  came  from  last?  She  said,  "  From 
Captain  Annawon's."  He  asked  her  how  many  were 
in  company  with  him  when  she  left  him  9  She  said, 
''Fifty  or  sixty."  He  asked  her  how  many  miles  it 
was  to  the  place  where  she  left  him  ?  She  said,  [that] 
she  did  not  understand  miles,  but  he  was  up  in 
Squannaconk  swamp.* 

The  old  man,  who  had  been  one  of  Philip's  coun- 
c'l.  upon  examination,  gave  exactly  the  same  ac- 
count. Captain  Church  asked  him  if  they  could  get 
there  that  night?  He  said,  [that]  if  they  went  pre- 
sently, and  travelled  stoutly,  they  might  get  there 
by  sunset.  He  asked  whither  he  was  going  'I  He 
answered,  that  Annavvon  had  sent  him  down  to  look 
[for]  some  Indians,  that  were  gone  down  into  Mount- 
hope  neck  to  ki'l  provisions.  Captain  Church  let 
him  know  that  those  Indians  were  all  his  prisoners. 

I  [to]  2  [hu*] 

•  (Southeasterly  part  of  Uehobotli) 


r 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


133 


By  this  time  came  the  Indian  soldier  and  brought 
his  father  and  one  Indian  more.  The  Captain  was 
now  in  a  great  strait  of  mind  what  to  do  next ;  he 
had  a  mind  to  give  Annawon  a  visit,  now  he  Icnew 
where  to  find  him.  Bat  his  company  was  very  small, 
[only]^  half  a  dozen  men  beside  himself,  and  was 
under  a  necessity  to  send  some  body  back  to  acquaint 
his  Lieutenant  and  company  with  his  proceed injr-. 
However,  he  asked  his  small  company  that  were  wiili 
him,  whether  they  would  willingly  go  with  him  and 
give  Annawon  a  visit  *?  They  told  him,  [that]  thoy 
were  always  ready  to  obey  his  commands,  &,c. ;  but 
wit'.ial  told  him,  that  tlicy  knew  this  Captain  Aima- 
won  was  a  great  soldier ;  that  he  had  been  a  valiant 
Captain   under  Asulunotpiin,*    Philip's   father ;  and 

1  [but] 

*  Morton,   12'i,  calls  liim  Woosanipquon.     Tins  was  the 
last  name  hv  which  the  "  p;ooil  old  Massassoit"  was  known. 
This  name  he  took  about  the  time  of  the  Poqnot  war  as  was 
mentioned  in  note  1,  on  ]>ase   17.     Allen  in  his  Bioa;ranhical 
Dictionary,  has  given  a  siinrt  sketch  of  him,  which  is  very 
delicient.     Not  even   informina;  us  that   he  was  ever  klu)^vn 
by  any  other  namelhan  Massassoit.  Tliis  celebrated  chieren- 
tereil  into  a  lea!2;ue  oflViendship  with  the  Plvmoiith  Pi!i;;rims 
the  next  sprin^j;  aliler  their  arrival,  which  was  ki-ut  until  iiis 
death.     Some  of  the  other  tribes  in<ultinf!;ly  told  liim,  that 
throuQ;h   his  cowardice    lie  hail  treated  with  the   Kns^lish. 
However  this  might  be,  he  is  said  always  to  have  advised  hi* 
sons  against   engaging  in   a  war  with  them,  Cor  be  believed 
that  in  time  tlie  Indians  would  be  annihilated.     H"  was  re- 
markable for  his  aversion  to  the  English  religion.     Hutchin- 
son, I,  23'2,  says  that  "  when  he  was  treating  for  the  sale  of 
some  of  his  lands  at  Swanzey,  insisted  upon  it  as  a  comlition, 
hat  the  English  should   never  attemjit  to  diaw  olV  any  of  his 
people  from  their  religion  to  Christianity,  and   would  not  re- 
cede until  he  found  the  treaty  would  break  ofV  if  he  urged 
it  any  further."     He  was  personally  several  times  at   Ply- 
mouth.    On  iiis  tirst  arrival  there,  in  Mi.rch,  1G20-21,  he 
Hiadt;  his  appearance  on  the  hill,  the  south  side  of  Town  brook, 
with  several  of  his  princij)al  men  with  him.     Here  he  niaile  a 
stop  and  Mr.  Edward  VVinslovv  was  sent  to  him  with  a  pre- 
sent, and  the  Governour's  (Carver)  compliments  that  he  de- 
sired to  sec  him,  and  treat  witii  him.     He  left  Mr.  Winslow 


iL 


134 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


that  he  had  been  Philip's  chieftain  all  this  war.  A  y  jry 
'^^uhthi  man,  of  great  resolution,  and  had  often  said, 
that  lie  would  never  be  taken  alive  by  the  English. 

as  a  ho.stage  with  his  men,  and  with  ahout  twenty  of  his  ^dl- 
diors  went  down  to  the  brook,  where  Captain  Standish  met 
him  wilh  a  file  cf  six  men,  and  conducted  lam  to  a  new 
house.  A  green  rug  was  spread  over  tiie  floor,  and  three  or 
foiu'  cushions  laid  upon  it.  The  Governnur  then  came,  pre- 
ceded by  a  drum  and  trumpet,  at  the  sound  of  which  they 
nj)prared  much  delighted.  After  some  introduction)  the 
aliovo  mentioned  league  or  treaty  was  entered  upon  arid  con- 
cluded as  follows: 

Jlrtide  I.  That  neither  he,  nor  any  of  liis,  should  injure 
or  do  liurt  to  any  of  their  peojde.  Art.  II.  That  if  any  of  his 
did  any  iiurt  to  any  of  theirs,  he  shoukl  send  the  offender 
(hut  lliey  migiit  punish  him.  Art.  III.  That  if  any  thing 
were  talton  away  from  any  of  theirs,  he  should  cause  it  to  he 
restored  ;  and  they  (should  do  the  like  to  his.  Jlrl.  IV.  That 
if  any  did  unjustly  war  against  him,  they  would  aid  him; 
andii'anj'did  war  against  ihem,  he  should  aid  1  hem.  Art.\. 
That  he  sliould  sendto  his  neighliour  confederates,  to  inform 
them  of  this,  that  they  might  not  wrong  tlicni,  but  might  be 
likewise  comprised  in  these  conditions  of  jieace.  Art.  VI." 
That  when  bis  men  came  to  them  upon  any  occasion,  they 
should  leave  their  arms  (which  were  then  hoAvs  and  arrows) 
behind  them.  Art.  VII.  Lastly,  that  so  iloing,  their  sove- 
reign Lord,  Kiug  James  would  esteem  him  as  liis  friend  ami 
ally. 

Tivo  years  after  (in  )623)  Mas?assoit  fell  sick,  and  Mr. 
Winslow  went  to  visit  him.  He  found  the  house  crowded 
with  men  who  were  using  their  rude  exertions  to  restore  liim 
to  health.  Being  informed  that  his  friends  were  come  to  sec 
him,  lie  desired  to  speak  with  them.  (He  was  very  sick  and 
his  sight  bad  left  him.)  When  Mr.  VVinslow  went  to  liim 
he  took  him  by  the  hand  and  faintly  said,  "  Keen  Wins- 
now.'"'  That  is,  "  Art  thou  Winslow?"  Being  informed  that 
lie  was,  lie  then  saiil,  "  Malta  neen  wonckunet  namen  Wins- 
nawV  That  is,"0  Winslow  I  shall  never  see  thee  again !"  He 
hail  not  taken  any  thing  for  two  days,but  Mr.  Winslow  gave 
him  something  that  be  had  prepared  which  he  wa!?abTc  to 
BWallow,  and  he  innnediately  grew  better,  and  soon  entirely 
recovered.  In  1639,  this  Indian  KingAvasat  Plymouth  with 
Mooanam  or  Wamsulta,  his  son,  then  or  afterwards  named 
Alexander,  and  renewetl  the  former  league.  The  precise 
lime  of  his  death  is  unknown.  But  from  Hubbard,  59,  it  an- 
peiirs  that  it  was  about  ItJuG.  Morton,  %,  and  122.  Hutcn* 
uison,   1     «i52,  2J3.      Belknap.    Amer,    Biog.    I,  212,  294. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


135 


And  moreover  they  knew  tha  the  men  that  were 
with  him  were  resolute  fellows,  some  of  Philip's 
chief  soldiers;  and  therefore,  feared  whether  it  was 
practicable  to  make  an  attempt  upon  him  with  so 
small  a  handful  of  assailants  as  were  now  with  him. 
Told  him  further,  that  it  would  be  a  pity,  [ — ]*  after 
all  the  great  things  he  had  done,  [that]  he  should 
throw  away  his  life  at  last.  Upon  which  he  replied, 
that  he  doubted  not  Annawon  was  a  subtle  and  val- 
iant man  ;  that  he  had  a  long  time,  but  in  vuin,  sought 
for  him,  and  never  till  now  could  fmd  his  quarters 
and  he  was  very  loath  to  miss  of  the  opportunity ; 
and  doubted  not,  [ — Y  that  if  they  would  cheerfully 
go  with  him,  the  san?'^  Almighty  Providence  that  had 
hitherto  protected  and  befriended  them,  would  do  so 
still,  &c. 

Upon  this  with  one  consent  they  said,  [that]  they 
would  go.  Captain  Church  then  turned  to  one  Cook 
■jf  Plymouth,  (the  only  Englishman  then  with  him) 
and  asked  him,  what  he  thought  of  it'?  [Ile]^  repli- 
ed, "Sir,  I  am  never  afraid  of  going  any  where  when 
y<ni  are  with  me."  Then  Captain  Church  asked  the 
old  Indian,  if  he  could  carry  his  horse  with  him  1 
(For  he  conveyed  a  horse  thus  far  with  him.)  He 
replied  that  it  was  impossible  for  a  horse  to  pass  the 
swamps.  Therefore,  he  sent  away  his  new  Indian 
soldier  with  his  father,  and  the  Captain's  horse,  to 
his  Lieutenant,  and  orders  for  him  to  move  to  Taun- 
ton with  the  prisoners,  to  secure  them  there,  and  to 
come  out  in  the  morning  in  the  Rehoboth  road,  in 
which  he  might  expect  to  meet  him,  if  he  were  alive 
and  had  success. 

The  Captain  then  asked  the  old  fellow  if  he  would 
pilot  him  [to]^  Annawon '?  He  answered,  that  he  hav- 
1  [that]  2  [but]  3  [who]  •»  [unto] 

Holmes,  I,  20S.  Prince,  185,  8tc.  Whether  he  had  more 
tlian  two  sons  is  uncertain  ;  but  it  seems  by  a  letter  to  Lon- 
Hon,  written  during  this  war,  that  there  was  another.  See 
Hutchinson,  I,  2tJ5 


135 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


ing  given  him  his  life,  he  was  oblijed  to  snrve  nim. 
He  bid  him  move  on  then,  and  they  followed.  The 
old  man  woi'd  out  travel  them  so  far  sometimes, 
that  they  were  almost  out  of  sight ;  [and]  looking 
over  his  shoulder,  and  seeing  them  behind,  he  would 
halt. 

Just  as  the  sun  was  setting,  the  old  man  made  a 
full  stop  and  sat  down  ;  the  compr.ny  coming  up,  also 
sat  down,  being  all  weary.  Captain  Church  asked, 
"  What  news'?"  He  answered,  that  about  that  time 
in  the  evening.  Captain  Annawon  sent  out  his  scouts 
to  see  if  the  coast  were  clear,  and  as  soon  as  it  be- 
gan to  grow  dark,  the  scouts  returned  ;  and  then 
(said  he)  "we  may  move  again  securely."  When  it 
began  to  grow  dark,  the  old  man  stood  up  again, 
[and]  Captain  Church  asked  him  if  he  would  take  a 
gun  and  fight  for  him '?  He  bowed  very  low,  and 
prayed  him  not  to  impose  such  a  thing  upon  him,  as 
to  fight  against  Captain  Annawon  his  old  friend. 
But  says  he,  "I  will  go  along  with  you,  an(<  be  help- 
ful to  you,  and  will  lay  hands  on  any  man  that  shall 
oiler  to  hurt  you." 

It  being  now  pretty  dark,  tliey  moved  close  to- 
gether;— anon  they  heard  a  noise.  The  Captain 
stayetl  the  old  man  with  his  hand,  and  asked  his  own 
men  what  noise  they  thought  it  might  be  1  They 
concluded  it  to  be  the  pounding  of  a  mortar.  The 
old  man  had  given  Captain  Church  a  description  of 
the  place*  where  Annawon  now  lay,  and  of  the  diffi- 

•This  solitary  retreat  is  in  the  southeasterly  part  of  the 
town  of  Rehoboth,  but  being  near  Taunton  line,  some,  in  re- 
lating the  story,  report  it  to  be  in  this  town.  It  is  about  8 
miles  from  Taunton  green,  and  nearly  in  a  direct  line  to 
Providence,  The  northwest  corner  of  Dighton  runs  up  be- 
tween Taunton  and  Rehoboth,  through  which  we  pass  in 
going  from  'i'aunton  to  Annawon's  rock.  (By  this  name  it 
is  known  throughout  that  part  of  the  country.)  It  is  in  a 
great  swamp,  call  Snuannaconk,  containing  nearly  3000 
acres,  as  I  wasinfon.ied  by  Mr.  A.  Bliss,  the  nearest  inhahi- 
•  aut  to  it.     The  road  passes  round  the  northwesterly  part  of 


;  I 


eOLOJTXL  CHURCH   'JVZ)  AffJfAfVOJf.       P.  137. 


PHILIP'S  ^\  vR. 


137 


culty  of  getting  at  him.  Being  sensible  that  ll>ey 
were  pretty  near  them,  with  tw-o  of  his  Indians  he 
creeps  to  the  edge  of  the  rocks,  from  whence  he 
couid  sec  their  camps.  He  saw  three  companies  of 
Indians  at  a  little  distance  from  each  other;  being 
easy  to  be  discovered  by  tiie  light  of  their  fires.  lie 
saw  also  the  gmat  ANNAWON  and  his  company, 
who  iiad  formed  his  camp  or  kenneling  place  by 
falling  a  tree  under  the  side  of  the  great  clifls  of 
rocks,  and  setting  a  row  of  birch  bushes  up  against 
it ;  where  he  himself,  his  son,  and  some  of  his  chiefs 
had  taken  up  their  lodgings,  and  made  great  fires 
without  them,  and  had  their  pots  and  kettles  boiliii/jf, 
and  spits  roasting.  Their  arms  also  he  discovered, 
all  set  together,  in  a  place  fitted  for  the  purpose, 
standing  up  an  end  against  a  stick  lodged  in  two 
crotches,  and  a  mat  placed  over  them,  to  keep  them 
from  the  wet  or  dew.  The  old  Annawon's  feet  and 
his  son's  head  were  so  near  the  arms,  as  almost  to 
touch  them.  [ — ]' 

Tile  rocks  were  so  steep  th:it  it  was  impossible  to 
get  down,  [onlyP  as  they  lowered  tliemselves  by  the 
1  [but]  2  [but] 

the  swamp,  ami  within  6  or  8  rods  of  tlie  roclc.  Tliis  im- 
mense rock  extends  northeast  and  southwest  70  or  80  feet, 
and  to  this  day  the  camp  of  Annawon  is  approached  witli 
diHicnlty.  A  part  of  its  r.uutheast  si<ie  hangs  over  a  little, 
and  the  other,  on  the  northeast  i)art,#eems  in  no  verj'  dis- 
tant period,  to  !  ■  e  tumbled  down  In  large  clefts.  Its  heigiit 
may  be  30  fen  it  is  comjiosed  of  sand  and  ))ebbles,  A  few 
scattering  maple,  beech,  birch,  Soc,  grow  about  it ;  as  also 
bi-iars  and  water  bushes,  so  thick  as  almost  to  forbid  ap- 
proach. Formerly,  it  was,  no  doubt,  entirely  surrounded  by 
water,  as  it  is  to  this  time  in  wet  seasons.  The  northwest 
side  of  the  i;ock  is  easily  ascemled,  as  it  gradually  slo[)es  away 
fiom  its  summit  to  its  base,  and  at  an  angle,  perhaps,  nut  ex- 
ceeding 35°.  Small  bushes  grow  from  the  seams  in  its  steep 
side,  as  in  the  days  of  Church.  Near  thesouti  >vest  extremi- 
ty is  an  opening  of  an  angular  form,  in  which,  it  is  said; 
Annawon  and  the  other  chiefs  were  encamped.  This  open- 
hig  now  contains  the  stump  of  a  large  tree,  which  must  have 
grown  since  those  days,  as  it  nearly  tills  it  up. 


138 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


boughs,  and  the  bushes  that  grew  in  the  cracks  of  th« 
rocks.  Captain  Church  creeping  back  again  to  the 
old  man,  asked  him,  if  there  were  no  possibility  of 
getting  at  them  some  other  way '}  He  answered, 
"  No."  That  he  and  all  that  belonged  to  Annawon, 
were  ordered  to  come  that  way,  and  none  could  conio 
any  other  way  without  difficulty,  or  danger  of  being 
shot. 

Captain  Church  then  ordered  the  old  man  and  his 
daughter  to  go  down  foremost  with  tlieir  baskets  at 
their  backs,  that  when  Annawon  saw  them  with  their 
baskets  he  should  not  mistrust  the  ijitrigue.  Captain 
Church  and  his  handful  of  soldiers  crept  down  also, 
under  the  -shadow  of  those  two  and  their  baskets. 
The  Captain  himself  crept  close  behind  the  old  man, 
with  his  hatchet  in  his  hand,  and  stepped  over  the 
young  man's  head  to  the  arms.  The  young  Anna- 
won  discovering  of  him,  whipped  his  blanket  over 
his  head,  and  shrunk  up  in  a  heap.  The  old  Cap- 
tain Annawon  started  up  on  his  breech,  and  cried 
out  "Hovvoh."*  And  despairing  of  escape,  threw 
himself  back  again,  and  lay  silent  until  Captain 
Church  had  secured  all  the  arms,  &c.  And  having 
secured  that  company,  he  sent  his  Indian  soldiers  to 
il  0  other  fires  and  companies,  giving  them  instruc- 
tions, what  to  do  and  say.  Accordingly  they  went 
into  the  midst  of  them.     When  tiiey  [h;id]  discover- 

»— 

*  This  word  according  to  the  tnidition  of  aged  people,  sig- 
nified, "I  am  taiieii."  Dr.  Morse  has  thouglit  tit  to  alter  the 
spelling  of  this  word  to  Howah.  It  is  very  evident  that  the 
writer  of  this  liistory,  intended  in  the  termination  of  this  word 
to  convey  the  sound  of  oh,  and  not  ah.  Were  this  not  tiie  case, 
it  is  certivinly  better  to  give  it  to  posterity  as  we  find  it.  Sncli 
nlteritions,  however  small  and  unimportant  they  may  seem  to 
some  readers,  have  n  very  bad  tendency ;  they  tend  to  cause  us 
to  doubt  of  tlie  authenticity  of  any  accounts  that  are  handed 
down  to  us.  It  may  be  said  that  an  alteration  of  this  kind 
is  of  no  consequence,  because  it  does  not  alter  the  sense,  lint 
it  should  be  recollected,  that  the  authority  is  as  good  for  any 
other  alteration ;  for  to  alter  letters  is  to  alter  words ;  to  alter 
words  is  to  change  the  sense. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


139 


ed  themselves  [to  the  enemy,  they]'  u  \d  them  lliat, 
their  Captain  Annavvon  was  taken,  ind  [that]  it 
would  be  best  for  them,  quietly  and  peaceably  1 1 
surrender  themselves,  which  would  procure  good 
quarter  for  them  ;  otherwijie,  if  they  should  pretend 
to  resist  or  make  their  escape,  it  would  be  in  vain, 
and  they  could  e.\|)ect  no  other  but  that  Captain 
(Jliurch,  with  his  great  army,  who  hail  now  entrap- 
ped ti»em,  would  cut  them  to  pieces.  Told  ili(;in 
also,  [that]  if  they  would  submit  themselves,  and  le- 
liver  up  all  their  arms  unto  them,  and  keep  evLry 
man  in  his  place  until  it  was  day,  they  would  assii>c 
tliem  that  their  Captain  Church,  who  had  been  s  > 
kind  to  themselves  when  they  surrendered  to  liini. 
should  be  as  kir  to  them.  Now  they  being  old  ac- 
quaintance, and  many  of  them  relations,  <lid  mucli 
the  readier  give  heed  to  what  they  said;  [so]  compli- 
ed, and  surrendered  up  their  arms  unto  them,  both 
their  guns  and  hatchets,  Slc,  and  were  forthwith 
curried  to  Captain  Church.* 

Things  being  so  far  settled,  Captain  Church  asked 
Annawon,  "  what  he  had  for  supperl"  "  for  (said  ho) 
I  am  come  to  sup  with  you."  "  Taubiit,"  (said  An- 
navvon) with  a  big  voice,  and  looking  about  upon 
his  women,  bid  them  hasten  and  get  Captain  Church 
and  his  company  sonr.e  supper.  [He]  then  turned 
to  Captain  Church  and  asked  him  whetlier  he  would 
eat  cow  beef  or  horse  beef?  The  Cap.tain  told  him 
cow  beef  would  be  most  acceptable,  ft  was  soon 
got  ready,  and  pulling  his  little  bag  of  salt  out  of 
his  pocket,  which  was  all  the  provision  he  brougiit 
with  him.  This  seasoned  his  cow  beef.  So  that 
with  it  and  the  dried  green  corn,  which  th'^  old  stjuaw 
was  pounding  in  the  mortar,  while  they  were  sliding 
1  [who  they  were] 

*  Mr.  Huljbanl  diflVrs  considerably  in  his  relation  of  the 
taking  of  Annawon,  from  our  author,  and  is  much  s'.iort'^r. 
Nothing  very  important  seems  to  be  omitted  in  this  account, 
exccptin<5  the  date,  and  that  Mr.  Hubbard  omits  also. 


140 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


down  the  rocks,  he  made  a  very  hear,  v  supper.  And 
this  pounding  in  the  mortar,  proved  hieky  for  Cap- 
tain Church's  getting  down  the  rocks  ;  for  when  tl"i 
old  scjuaw  pounded,  they  moved,  and  when  she  ceas- 
ed, to  turn  the  corn,  they  ceased  creeping.  The 
noise  of  the  mortar  prevented  the  enemy's  hcarij'.g 
their  creeping,  and  the  corn  being  now  dressed,  sup- 
plied the  want  of  bread,  and  gave  a  fine  relish  with 
the  cow  beef. 

Supper  being  over.  Captain  Church  sent  two  of 
his  men  to  inform  the  other  companies,  that  he  had 
kilicfl  Philip,  and  taken  their  friends  in  Mounthope 
neck,  but  had  spared  tl\eir  lives,  and  that  he  had  sub- 
dued now  all  the  enemy,  (lie  supposed)  except  this 
company  of  Aimawon ;  and  now  if  they  would  be 
orderly  and  keep  their  places  until  morning,  tliey 
should  have  good  (|uarter,  and  that  he  would  carry 
them  to  Taunton,  where  they  might  see  their  friends 


ngnm, 


&.C. 


The  messengers  returned,  [and  informed]  that  the 
Indians  yielded  to  his  proposals. 

Captain  Church  thought  it  was  now  time  for  him 
to  take  a  nap,  having  had  no  sleep  in  two  days  and 
one  night  before.  [So  he]  told  his  men,  that  if  they 
would  let  him  sleep  two  hours,  they  should  sleep  all 
the  rest  of  the  night.  He  laid  himself  down  and  en- 
<leavoured  to  sleep,  but  all  disposition  to  sleep  de- 
imrted  from  him. 

After  he  had  lain  a  little  while,  he  looked  up  to 
sec  how  his  watch  managed,  but  found  them  all  fast 
asleep.  Now  Captain  Church  had  told  Captain  An- 
nawon's  company,  as  he  had  ordered  his  Indians  to 
teil  the  others ;  [namely]  that  their  lives  should  all 
bo  spared,  excepting  Captain  Annawon's,  and  it  was 
not  in  his  power  to  promise  him  his  life,  but  he  must 
carry  him  to  his  masters  at  Plymouth,  and  he  would 
entreat  them  for  his  life. 

Now  when  Captain  Church  found  not  only  his  own 
men,  but  all  the  Indians  fast  asleep,  Annawon  only 
excepted,  who,  he  perceived  was  as  broad  awake  as 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


141 


himself;  and  so  they  Iny  lookinj;  one  upon  the  other, 
perhaps  an  liour.  Captain  ( 'hurch  said  nothing  to 
him,  for  he  could  not  speak  Indian,  and  thought  An- 
nawon  could  not  speak  English. 

At  length  Annavvon  raised  him<sclf  up,  cast  off  his 
blanket,  and  with  no  more  clothes  than  his  small 
breeches,  walked  a  little  way  back  from  the  company. 
Captain  Church  thought  no  other  but  that  he  had 
walked  a  little  distance  for  some  necessary 
trrand,  and  would  very  soon  return.  But  by  and 
by  he  was  gone  out  of  sight  and  hearing,  and  then 
Captain  Church  began  to  suspect  some  ill  design  in 
him  ;  and  got  all  the  guns  close  to  him,  .and  crowd- 
ed himself  close  under  young  Annawon;  that  if  ho 
should  anywhere  gt.  t  a  gun,  he  should  not  make  a 
shot  at  him,  without  endangering  his  son.  Lying 
very  still  awhile,  waiting  for  the  event,  at  length, 
he  heard  somebody  coming  the  same  way  that  An- 
nawon went.  The  moon  now  shining  bright,  he 
saw  him  at  a  distance  coming  with  something  in  his 
hands,  and  coming  up  to  Captain  Church,  he  fell 
upon  his  knees  before  him,  and  offered  him  what  he 
had  brought,  and  speaking  in  plain  English,  said, 
"  Great  Captain,  you  have  killed  Philip,  and  con- 
quered his  country  ;  for  I  believe  that  I  and  my  com- 
pany are  the  last  that  war  against  the  English,  so 
suppose  the  war  is  ended  by  your  means;  and  there- 
fore these  things  belong  unto  you."  Then  opening 
his  pack,  he  ptdled  out  Piiilip's  belt,*  curiously 
.ipom,t  being  nine  inches   broad. 


wrought  with  v 


•This  belt  ami  some  other  of  Philip's  ornaments  are  now 
owned  in  a  family  at  Swanzey,  as  I  vTas  informed  by  an  in- 
habitant of  the  place. 

t  Wampum,  or  wampon  ,  called  also  wampamneag ;  a  kind 
of  money  in  use  among  the  Indians.  It  was  a  kind  of  bf  ad 
made  of  shells  of  the  great  conch,  muscles,  &c.,  and  curiously 
wrought  and  polished,  with  a  hole  through  them.  Thty 
were  of  different  colours,  as  black,  blue,  red,  white  and  pur- 

)le  ;    the  last  of  which  were  wrought  by  the  Fivenations. 

six  of  the  white,  and  three  of  the  black,  or  blue  ])assed  for  a 
penny.    Trumbull,  Hist.  U    S.  I,  23.     In  1(307  wampom 


t 


M2 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


wrouglit  with  bliick  and  white  wompom,  in  various 
li^'iiros,  and  llowors  and  pictures  of  many  birds.  an<! 
beasts.  Tliis,  w^hen  han^^ed  upon  Captain  (Jliurcli's 
shoulders,  reached  his  ancles;  and  another  belt  of 
wompom  ho  presented  him  witli,  wrou<j;ht  after  tlic 
former  manner,  which  I'hilip  was  wont  to  put  upon 
his  head.  It  had  two  Hags  on  the  back  part, 
which  hung  down  on  his  back,  arxl  anoth(.>r  small 
belt  with  a  star  upon  the  end  of  it,  which  he  used 
to  hang  on  his  breast,  and  they  were  all  edged  with 
red  hair,  which  Annawon  said  they  got  in  the  Mo- 
liog's*  country.  Then  ho  pulled  out  two  horns  of 
glazed  povvder,  and  a  red  cloth  blanket,  lie  told 
Captain  Church  [tlmtj  these  were  Philip's  royalties, 
which  lie  was  wont  to  adorn  himself  with,  when  he 
Hat  in  state  ;  that  he  iliouglit  himself  happy  that  he 
had  an  opportunity  to  |)resent  thetn  to  Captain 
Church,  wlu)  had  won  tiuni,  etc.  [They]  spent  the 
remainder  of  the  night  in  discourse.  And  [Captain 
Annawon]  gave  an  account  of  what  mighty  success 
he  had  [had]  formerly  in  wars  against  many  nations 
of  Indians,!  when  lie  served  Asuhnituiuin,  Philip's 
father,  &.C.J 

was  made  a  tender  by  law  (or  t\\c  payment  of  debts  "  not  ex- 
ceedinfi;  40  shillings,  at  8  white  or  4  black  a  penny  ;  this  was 
repealed  in  1671."     Douglass,  I,  437. 

*  jMohawk's.  This  word  is  spelt  Moohag  on  page  63.  See 
note  2,  of  page  68. 

t  How  much  it  is  to  be  lamented  that  Mr.  Church  did  not 
preserve  the  conversation  of  Annawon  at  Ibis  time.  Nothing 
could  have  added  more  value  to  his  history. 

t  Thus  ended  Monday  night  28  August.  It  isunaccounta- 
ble  (hat  Mr.  Hubbard  (ixes  no  date  to  Ibis  transaction,  and 
(he  more  so,  as  he  wrote  so  near  (he  time  that  it  took  place. 
It  is  not  without  some  hesitation  that  the  above  is  admitted, 
on  account  of  (he  disagreements  in  the  narratives.  Hub- 
bard, 230,  says  that  Tispaquin  came  in,  in  September,  and 
daces  it  before  the  taking  of  Annawon,  which  if  our  author 
)e  correct  is  a  gross  mistake.  Now  it  is  evident  that  it  was 
on  Monday  night  from  the  text,  and  that  there  was  a  moon 
not  long  after  dark,  perhaps  an  hour  or  two.      This  ex- 


I 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


143 


In  the  morninj^,  ns  soon  as  it  was  light,  the  Cnp- 
toiii  inurchcd  with  his  prisoners  out  oC  that  swunip) 
country  towards  TiunUon.  [lie]  mot  his  Lieutonaul 
and  c«»nipany  about  four  miles  out  ot"  town,  who  ex- 
pressed a  great  deal  of  joy  to  see  him  again,  and 
said,  [that]  it  was  more  tiian  ever  they  ijxpeeteil. 
'I'hey  went  into  Taunton,  worn  civilly  and  kindly 
treated  by  the  inhabitants.  [Here  they]  refreslnul 
njid  rested  themselves  Inat  night. 

J'larly  next  morning,  the  Captain  took  old  Anna- 
won,  and  half  a  doz(!n  of  his  Indian  soldier;-',  and  his 
own  man,  and  went  to  Ilhodeishmd  ;  sending  the 
rest  of  his  company,  and  I  s  prisoners  by  his  Lieu- 
tenant* to  Plymouth.  Tarrying  two  or  three  days 
upon  the  island,  he  then  wvnt  to  Plymouth,  and  car- 
ried his  wife  and  his  two  children  willi  liim. 

Captain  Church  had  been  but  a  ,.ttle  wl  'o  at 
Plymouth,  when  he  was  inl'ormed  of  a  parcel  f  In- 
dians who  had  haunted  tlie  woods  between  J'lv'noutl' 
and  Sippican  ;  that  did  great  (lam'"'(;  t(»  the  luig 
lish,  in  killing  their  (  attle,  horses,  mki  •swine.  The 
Captain  was  soon  in  pursuit  of  l!  m\.  [He]  went 
out  from  Plymouth  t!ie  next  Monday  in  the;  after- 
noon, [and]  next  morning  early  they  discovered  a 
track.  The  Ca[)tain  sent  two  Indians  on  the  track 
to  see  what  they  could  di'^covcr,  whilst  he  and  his 
company  followed  gently  after.  T^ut  tiie  two  In- 
dians soon  returned  witli  iidings,  that  they  discover- 
ed the  enemy  sitting  round  tlieir  fires,  in  a  thick 
jdacc  of  brush.  When  they  came  pretty  near  tl'(; 
j)lace,  the  Captain  ordered  every  man  to  creep  as 
lie  did,  and  surround  them  by  creeping  as  near  as 
they  could,  till  they  should  be  discovered,  and  thei> 

nctly  corresponds  with  iJ.  ide  given  ubove,  bei-auso  llio 
moon  was  at  the  full  on  tlie  26  August,  and  this  ln-iiig  two 
niijhts  after,  tiiey  would  of  eourae  have  the  nioou  a  short  tiiuo 
nfler  dark. 

*  Mr.  Jabcz  Ilowland. 


m 


144 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  run  [ — Y  upon  them,  and  take  them  alive  if  pos- 
sible, (tor  their  prisoners  were  their  pay.)  They  did 
so,  [takingp  every  one*  that  were  at  the  fires,  not  one 
escaping. 

Upon  examination  they  agreed  in  their  stories,  that 
they  belonged  to  Tispaquin,  who  was  gone  with  John 
Bump,|  and  one  more,  to  AgavvamJ  and  Sippican§ 
to  kill  horses,  and  were  not  expected  back  in  two  or 
three  days.|| 

This  same  Tispaquin  had  been  a  great  Captain, 
and  the  Indians  reported,  that  he  was  such  a  great 
Pauwau,%  that  no  bullet  could  enter  him,  &c.  Cap- 
tain Church  said,  [that]  he  would  not  have  him  kill- 
ed, for  there  was  a  war**  broke  out  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  country,  and  he  would  have  him  saved  to 
go  with  him  to  fight  the  eastern  Indians.  Agreeably 
he  left  two  old  squaws,  of  the  prisoners,  and  bid  them 
tarry  there  until  their  Captain,  Tispaquin,  returned, 
and  to  tell  him  that  Church  had  been  there,  and  had 
taken  his  wife  and  children,  and  company,  and  car- 
ried them  down  to  Plymouth,  and  would  spare  all 
their  lives,  and  his  too,  if  he  would  come  down  to 
them,  and  bring  the  other  two  that  were  with  him, 
and  they  should  be  his  soldiers,  &c. 

Captain  Church  then  returned  to  Plymouth,  leav- 
ing the  old  squaws  well  provided  for,  and  biscuit  for 
Tispaquin  when  he  returned ;  telling  his  soldiers, 
that  he  doubted  not,  but  he  had  laid  a  trap  that 
'[on]  •[♦ook] 

*  About  60,  according  to  Hubbard,  231.  "The  place  was  near 
Lnkenham  upon  Pocasset  neck,  so  full  of  bushes  that  a  man 
could  not  see  a  rod  before  him."     Ibid. 

t  Nothing  more  is  said  of  this  Indian  as  I  can  find.  There  are 
respectiible  white  people  in  Middlcborough  by  this  name,  from 
the  ancestors  of  whom  he  might  have  derived  his  name. 

I  (Wurehnm.)  { (Rochester.) 

II  This  was  in  September. 

ir  Wizard  or  conjurer.  English  writers  denominate  their 
priests  by  this  name. 

**  An  account  of  this  war  will  bo  given  in  the  Appendix.  See 
No.  V. 


TVSPjitiUlJV.        P.  144. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


145 


would  take  him.  Captain  Church  two  oays  after 
went  to  Boston,  (the  commissioners*  then  sitting) 
and  waited  upbn  the  honourable  Governour  Leve- 
rett.f  who  then  lay  sick.  [He]^  requested  Captain 
Church  to  give  him  some  account  of  the  war,  who 
readily  obliged  his  honour  therein,  to  his  great  satis- 
faction, as  he  was  pleased  to  express  himself;  tak- 
ing him  by  the  hand,  and  telling  him,  [that]  if  it 
pleased  God  [that]  he  lived,  he  would  make  it  a  brace 
of  a  hundred  pounds  advantage  to  him  out  of  the 
Massachusetts  colony,  and  would  endeavour  that  the 
rest  of  the  colonies  should  do  proportionably.  But  he 
died  within  a  fortnight  after,  and  so  nothing  was  done 
of  that  nature. 

'[who] 

*  I  find  no  mention  of  any  other  court  in  Miissachusetts  at  this 
time,  tluin  that  called  together  the  9  August,  occasioned  by  a 
letter  from  the  King,  summoning  the  colony  to  appoint  commis- 
sioners to  answer  to  the  complaints  of  Gorges  and  Mason,  con- 
cerning boundaries,  &c.  See  Hist.  Mass,  I,  280,  281.  Tiiis  and 
other  business,  it  is  probable,  kept  them  together  until  the  time 
alluded  to  in  our  text.   ' 

t  Governour  .Tohn  Leverett  came  to  America  with  his  father 
in  1 633,  from  Boston  in  iiincolnshire,  England.  He  was  made 
deputy  Governour  in  1671,  and  in  1673,  Governour.  He  con- 
tinned  in  the  office  until  his  death,  which,  according  to  our 
author,  was  in  1676.  Dr.  Douglass  also,  in  his  Summary,  I,  429, 
siifi's  that  it  was  "  in  the  autumn  of  1676."  It  is  remarkable,  that 
most,  if  not  all,  later  historians  place  his  death  in  1678,  on  the 
autiiority  of  ]Mather,  I  conclude.  In  my  first  edition  of  this 
work  I  followed  the  Biographicid  Dictionaries  without  scruple, 
but  soon  discovered  the  errour.  Eliot  and  Allen,  perhaps,  fol- 
lowed Mather  without  hesitation,  because  Hutchinson  did  not 
dilVer  from  him. 

Tho  former  part  of  this  note  was  written  previous  to  the 
appearance  of  Mr.  Savage's  edition  of  Winthrop's  History  of 
Newengland.  It  there  appears,  II,  246,  note  2,  that  a  letter 
was  received  1677,  from  the  court  of  England,  creating  bim 
Knight.  This  title  was  never  used,  which  Mr.  Savage  con- 
jectures various  reasons  for.  But  if  he  were  dead  before  his 
appointment  arrived,  that  is  a  sufficient  reason.*  In  Snow's  Hist. 
Boston,  ^ome  account  of  his  funeral  is  given,  but  under  the  same 
date.  j^ 


1 1 


140 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


The  same  day*  Tispaquin  came  in,  and  those  that 
were  with  him.  But  when  Captain  Church  returned 
from  Boston,  he  found,  to  his  grief,  the'  heads  of  Anna- 
won,  Tispnquin,  &c.,t  <5Ut  off  which  were  the  last  of 
Philip's  friends. J 

*  Tlio  Siimo  day  that  the  truTp  was  set. 

t  The  full  import  of  tliia  &c.  13  not  known.  We  can  only 
observe,  tiiat  a  great  many  others  nt  different  times  were  execu- 
ted, much  to  tiie  dishonour  of  those  concerned.  Of  the  numbers 
of  tiiose  poor  natives  that  were  thus  murdered,  we  must  remain 
ignorant. 

J  Melancholy  indeed  is  the  reflection,  a  nation  is  no  more! 
Thus  we  behold  the  instability  of  all  things,  acted  upon  by  the 
exterminating  hand  of  time.  The  rude  government  of  the 
natives  cmild  not"  protect  them  against  treachery  in  an  uncom- 
mon degree.  Their  means  of  support  being  often  scant,  and 
many  times  nearly  cut  off,  was  a.  great  inducement  to  desertion 
to  the  English,  where  they  always  fared  much  better.  Hence 
their  first  great  disaster,  at  the  swamp  fight  in  Narraganset,  was 
owing  to  a  fugitive's  leadirig  the  English  to  the  only  assailable 
part  of  the  fort;  Philip  fell  by  the  same  foul  treachery;  and, 
Jastly,  Ann.awon,  who,  had  he  been  a  Roman,  would  l)av&  been 
called  the  great.  The  following  lines  admirably  portray  the 
fniilty  of  man. 

"  Iiike  leaves  on  trees  the  mce  of  man  Is  found  ; 

Now  gi'ot'ii  ill  youth,  now  wilh'rliig  on  the  ground ; 

Another  race  the  following  spring  sunplies; 

They  fall  successive,  and  successive  rise: 

So  genorntions,  in  their  course,  decay ;  ^ 

80  tiourish  these,  when  those  are  past  away."     Pope's  Homer. 

The  conduct  of  the  government  in  putting  to  death  "  Anna- 
won,  Tispaquin,  &,c.,"  has  ever  tieen  viewed  as  barbarous;  no 
circumstance  now  nuide  it  necessaiy.  The  Indians  were  sub- 
dued, therefore  no  example  was  wanting  to  deter  others.  It  is 
true,  some  \\\i:a  mentioned  by  the  government  as  unmeriting 
mercy;  but  humanity  forbade  the  execution  of  laws  formed 
only  for  the  eirt-rgencies  of  the  moment.  Governour  Hutch- 
inson observes,  "  Every  person,  almost,  in  the  two  colonies, 
[Massachusetts  and  Plymouth]  had  lost  a  relation  or  near  friend, 
and  the  people  in  general  were  exasperated .  but  all  does  not 
sufficiently  excuse  this  great  severity."    Hist.  Mass.  I,  277. 

Mr.  Hubbard,  \tho  wrote  at  the  time  does  not  fail  to  justi- 
fy all  the  measures  of  government.  Ho  says  that  Church 
promised  Tispiquiii  an  oHice  under  liim,  if  wliat  he  hud  made 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


147 


The  general  court  of  Plymouth  then  sitting,  sent 
for  Captain  Church,  who  waited  upon  them  accord- » 
ingly,  and  received  their  thanks  for  his  good  ser- 
vice, which  they  unanimously  voted,  [and]  which 
was  all  that  Captain  Church  had  for  his  aforesaid 
service. 

Afterwards,  in  the  year  1676,*  in  the  month  of 
January,  Captain  Church  received  a  commission  from 
Governour  Winslow.f  to  scour  the  woods  of  some  of 
the  lurking  enemy,  which  they  were  well  informed 
were  th^re. 

[Here  followed  the  commission  which  is  omitted  as  it  is  very 
similar  to  that  at  page  93.  It  bears  date  15  Jan.  1676,  but 
should  bo  taken  1676-7.] 

liis  followers  believe  were  true,  that  a  bullet  could  not  kill  him. 

When  he  delivered  himself  up,  the  government  thought  proper  to 

see  if  it  were  the  case ;  so  shot  at  him,  and  he  fell  dead  the  first 

fire !     Annawon  was  accused  of  torturing  and  murdering  many 

English  prisoners,  "  which  he  could  not  deny,"  therefore  he  was 

put  to   death    in   the    same    manner.      Mr.   Hubbard,  though 

an  eminent  historian,  was  not  fiee  from  the  prejudices  of  the 

times.      As  for  us,  wo  can   only  lament  the   end    of  those 

heroes,  and  in  no  better  language,  than  that  of  our  eminent 

native  poet.  , 

"  Indiilee,  our  nntlve  land,  Indulge  Ihe  tear 
TlmtBtuals  impassioned  o'er  a  nation's  doom ; 
To  IIS  eucli  twig  I'rom  Adam's  slock  is  deiir, 
And  team  of  sorrow  decli  an  Indian's  tomb." 

Dwight's  Greenfield  Hill. 

*  This  was  according  to  the  old  method  of  dating,  when  the 
new  year  did  not  begin  until  the  25  March ;  tfierefore,  tliia 
must  bo  understood  1677.  Under  tlie  old  supputation,  the 
year  was  often  written  with  an  additional  figure,  trom  1  Jan.  to 
25  March,  to  represent  both  the  old  and  new  method;  tiius,  at 
th.at  time  the  above  date  would  have  been  properly  ^written 
1676-7.  By  the  inattention  of  authors,  sometinies  using  the 
additional  fig.urc,  and  sometimes  omitting  it,  many  anacliroiiisms 
have  been  committed.  Another  method,  which  sigiiitips  tlie 
same  Avas  often  used;  thus,  1(>7  express  the  same  as  lf>76-7. 
But  writers  frequently  fell  int..  .'aistakes  by  taking  the  wrong 
figure  of  the  traction. 

t  Tiiis  Gentleman  having  managed  the  affairs  of  Plymouth 
colony  during  tliis  troubleijome  war,  it  will  be  proper  to  gi\e 
some  account  of  him  at  its  dose.  He  was  a  so'i  of  the  distin- 
guished   Edward  VVinslow  whose    name    is   tlie   third  to  that 


m 


■  ■  H 


■M 


w^ 


us 


PHILIP'S  \/AR. 


Accordingly   Captain   Church    accompanied   with 
severul  gentlemen   and   other"^,  vent  ovt   and   took 


celebrated  "combination,"  or  "firMt  foui'c^'ition  of  liie  I'ovem- 
»;ant  of  New  Plymouth."  In  hi><\  A'.*"?  inder  'vvas  mi^ttrusted 
of  plotting  ngainat  the  English,  as  has  b..'C'.;  meuiioned  ii:  nota 
1.  on  page  17.  Mr.  Window  wit'i  eight  or  'i^v  rrn\  s  rrvs  ^d 
hivii  at  a  hunMng  liouso  v;iere  he  ii.al  ju^i.  niriveti  wit:;  .  .  lut 
80  men.  Tiiesp  I  aving  ieft  their  tains  without  their  house, 
Wire  seized  b/  vVinslow,  \/.  o  tlien  i  itlueed  Alexander  to  go 
with  him  to  Plym.M/>:h.  A  shnr*  time  after  tliis,  Alexander  wtis 
tftlten  t  ivk  and  (iit  li 

Wiien  Piiilip'a  war  eomroenced,  Mr.  Winslow  \vrrto  U.  tiio 
Govemour  of  Massinhusi",  3  ;;«  ''Jlows:  ^  July  4,  lo73.  A  do 
solemnlv  ;;rofes8  wc  know  not  niiy  thing  from  us  thit  might 
put  Philip  upon  these  motions,  nor  have  neard  'hat  he-  pretends 
to  have  sutiered  any  wr  'ig  :Von«  us,  «>ave  <■  >i:  th.it  wa  had 
killed  aome  Indians  and  iJ'.teiuled  to  ntal  for  iiirnself  for  the 
murder  01  John  Sausainan  [Sassamon.]  The  hist  that  waa 
'^vc.:ufed  tins  week  confessed  that  he  saw  the  other  two  do  the 
murder.  Neitlier  had  we  any  tintughts  to  command  him  in  about 
H."    See  note  1,  on  pjige  2b. 

Again  he  writes,  "  I  tnink  I  can  clearly  say,  that  before  these 
present  troubles  broke  out,  tlie  Eiiglisli  aid  not  possess  one  foot 
of  land  in  this  colon}',  but  wli.it  was  fiirly  obtiiined  by  honest 
purchase  of  the  Indian  propritiors:  Nay,  beeanse  some  of  our 
peojile  arc  of  a  covetous  disposition,  and  the  Indians  :ire  in  tlieir 
stniits  c.isiiy  prevailed  with  to  p:trt  with  tiieir  lands,  we  first 
made  a  law  that  none  should  purrhnse  or  receive  by  gift,  any 
land  ot  tlie  Indians  witliont  the  knowledge  and  allowance  of  our 
court,"  &c.  Hubkiid,  66.  Thus  justice  appenrs  to  have  been 
aimed  at  by  the  leaders  in  government,  from  its  beginning,  but 
does  not  nppear  to  have  eirectually  prevented  tlie  private  abuses 
of  individu.ila,  which  w.-is,  no  doubt,  impossible.  The  remark  of 
Mr.  Makin  I  will  lny  before  the  render  that  he  may  judge  how  far 
it  is  correct,  and  whetiier  tlie  contrast  be  so  great  between  the 
treatmeiil  of  the  Indians  in  Newengland  and  Pennsylvania,  as  to 
deserve  what  follows.     (See  Appendix,  XIII.) 

"On  ,|n«l  mid  eqiml  terms  tln>  I.inrt  wns  (rain'd,* 
No  fiirco  of  nniiH  liiis  any  riKlit  oblniri'd  ; 
Tl*  here  wltlioiit  llio  use  of  nniiii,  iiluiie, 
Tti-i  bldss'd  iiihiibitant  iMijoya  his  own; 
llorB  iniiiiy,  to  their  wish,  iii  peace  enjoy 
Tlielr  Imppy  loti«,  iiiid  nothing  dolh  iiiinoy. 
niU  H4kd  JVVio  KnulaniVa  dilf'reiit  conduct  show'd 
Whnl  diro  elTecls  from  injur'd  Indiant  flow'd." 
*  /n  Venntylvania.  Mukin  in  Troud,  II,  003. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


14A 


divers  parties  of  Indians.  In  one  of  which  there  was 
a  certain  old  man,  whonn  Captain  Church  seemed  to 
take  particular  notice  of,  and  asking  him  where  he 
belonged,  he  told  him  at  Swanzey.  The  Cnptain 
asked  his  name,  he  replied,  Conscience.  Conscience, 
said  the  Captain,  smiling,  then  the  war  is  over ;  for 
that  was  what  they  were  searching  for,  it  being  nmch 
wanted,  and  returned  the  said  Conscience  to  his  pn^n 
again  at  Swanzey,  to  a  certain  person  [that]  the  said 
Indian  desired  to  be  sold  to,  and  then  returned 
home.* 

*  Notliing  very  brilliant,  to  be  sure,  occurred  in  those  expedi- 
tions, if  the  author  has  given  us  the  chief  exploit  of  tliem  nil, 
and  we  may  be  satisfied  tliut  we  have  ?io  more  of  tliem.  31  r. 
Hubbard  tiiKes  no  notice  of  any  actions  of  Church  after  tlie  tak- 
injw  of  Ann.iwon,  which  had  they  been  very  important  would  not 
have  escaped  his  attention.  lie  closes  tiie  war  in  this  (jnarter 
with  a  few  interesting  exploits,  the  chief  of  which  it  will  be 
proper  to  notice.  In  October  one  Mr.  Stanton  with  three  Indians 
came  from  Seconet  and  on  the  way  heared  by  a  captive,  that  there 
were  a  number  of  the  enemy  not  far  off.  The  Indians  leaving 
Mr.  Stanton  pursued  and  took  them  all.  Among  tiicni  was  an 
old  man  not  able  to  go  their  pace,  and  tliey  spared  his  life  by  his 
promising  to  come  after.  It  appears  that  those  tiiken,  were  mostly 
women  and  children,  whose  men  were  out  a  hunting.  They  soon 
returned,  and  the  old  man  informed  them  of  what  had  befel  their 
friends,  and  they  set  out  in  pursuit  of  them,  overtook  tiiem,  and 
retook  the  prisoners.  One  friendly  Indian  was  killed  in  the  skir- 
mish, and  the  other  two  hardly  escaped.  One  of  these  was  called 
Major  Symon,  part  Pequot  and  part  Narraganset.  He  was  remark- 
able for  liis  strength  and  courage,  and  at  the  first,  oH'ered  to 
fight  any  five  of  tiie  enemy  hand  to  hand  with  their  hatchets,  but 
they  declined ;  upon  which  he  discharged  his  gun  among  them, 
and  then  rushed  upon  them  with  great  fury,  broke  through  them 
«nd  escaped  with  the  other,  without  injury.    Hubbard,  237,  238. 


■«,->.■•  ;iii 


TItE 

FRENCH   AND   INDIAN 

WARS  n  NEWENGLMD, 

between  the  years  1680,  and  1704 ; 

[being]  a  further  account  of   the  actions  in  the  mobi 

late  wars  against  the  common  enemy  and  induk 

rebels,  in  the  eastern  parto,  under  the 

command  of  the  aforesaid 

CAPTAIN  BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 


I 


N  the  time  of  Sir  Edmund  Andross'*  government, 
began  that  bloody  war  in  the  eastern  parts  of  New- 
england  ;  so  that  immediadely  Sic  Edmund  sent  an 

*  Andross  was  sent  over  ns  Governour  of  the  province  of 
Newyork,  in  1674,  by  tlie  Duicc  of  Yorii.  Was  appointed 
Governour  of  Nevvenfjland,  and  arrived  in  Boston,  20  Decem- 
ber 1684.  Sniitii,  Hist.  N.  Y.,  63,  gives  a  very  just  idea  of 
his  character  in  a  very  few  words.  "  He  knew  no  law,  but  the 
will  of  his  master,  and  Kirk  and  JetFeries  were  not  fitter 
instruments  than  lie  to  execute  the  despotick  projects  or  James 
II."  And  that  "the  historians  of  Newengland  justly  transmit 
him  to  posterity,  under  the  odious  character  of  a  sycophantick 
tool  to  the  Duke,  and  an  arbitrary  tyrant  over  the  people  com- 
mitted to  his  care."  He  was  ciuriked  in  the  midst  of  his 
oppressive  measures  by  the  abdica*',  ju  of  King  .Tames.  This 
had  been  expected  by  the  coloiiies,  and  eagerly  wished  for.  The 
people  of  Boston  on  a  report  of  tlie  change  in  England,  and 
without  waiting  for  its  confirmation,  daringly  began  the  revolu- 
tion in  Newengland.  Andross  and  about  50  other  obnoxious 
persons  were  seized,  and  the  old  government  reassumed.  He 
was  afterwards  Governour  of  Virginia,  and  we  hear  but  little 
more  about  him.  He  died  in  London,  Feb.  24, 1713.  Holmes, 
I,  47.5.  His  life  is  more  particularly  given  by  Eliot,  but  large, 
and  better  by  Allen. 


\r 


r:^! 


FRENCH  AND   NDIAN  WARS. 


151 


express  for  Captain  Church,  who  then  being  at  Little- 
coinpton,  received  it  on  a  Lord's  day,  in  the  after- 
noon mev-jtinc.  Going  home  after  meeting,  [he]  took 
his  hors^e  and  set  out  for  Boston,  as  ordered  ;  and  by 
sunrise  next  morning,  got  to  Braintree,*  where  ho 
met  with  Colonel  Page  on  horseback  going  to  Wey- 
mouth and  Hingham  to  raise  forces  to  go  ea^i.  [He]' 
said  [that]  he  was  glad  to  see  him,  and  that  his  ex- 
cellency would  be  as  glad  to  see  him  in  Boston  so 
early.  So  parting  he  soon  got  to  Boston,  and  waited 
upon  his  excellency,  who  informed  him  of  an  unhaj)- 
py  war,  broken  out  in  the  eastern  parts ;  and  said, 
[that]  he  was  going  himself  in  person,  and*  that  he 
wanted  his  company  with  him.  But  Captain  Church 
not  finding  himself  in  the  same  spirit  he  used  to  have, 
said,  [that]  he  hoped  his  excellency  would  give  him 
time  to  consider  of  it.  He  told  him  he  might;  and 
also  said  that  he  must  come  and  dine  with  him. 
Captain  Church  having  many  acquaintance  in  Bos- 
ton, who  made  it  their  business,  some  to  encourage, 
and  others  to  discourage  him, from  ^oing  with  his 
excellency.  So  after  dinner  his  excellency  took  him 
into  his  room,  and  discoursed  freely ;  saying,  that  he 
having  knowledge  of  '.is  former  actir  .i :  and  successes, 
and  that  he  >"nst  go  with  him,  anu  be  his  second, 
with  other  eucouragements.  But  in  fel'"^- ,  ♦he  said 
Captain  Church  did  not  accept,  so  was  di^iu'  bed  and 
went  home.f 

>[who] 

tf  Formerly  mount  Wollaston.  It«  Indian  name  was  Wcssa- 
gusset.  It  18  about  10  miles  from  Boston,  nnd  is  i-enowncd  na 
tiie  birth  place  of  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  U. 
States,  whose  life  and  death  add  so  much  veneration  to  the 
ausfticious  Fourth  of  July. 

Though  the  residence  of  the  President  is  nearly  4  miles 
from  what  was  mount  Wollaston,  and  in  the  present  town  of 
Quiiicy,  yet  it  is  believed,  that  it  wam  ancient''  ir.-laded  in  it. 

■  f  Notwithstanding,  Andross  undertook  ua  eastern  expodi- 
tion  at  the  head  of  7  or  800  men,  and  tlia  enemy  fled  before 


r=ii 


9rU'':> 


*S'.- 


159 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  W    RS. 


Soon  after  this,  was  the  revohifion,*  ami  the  other 
povernrnent  reassum^d,  and  then  Governour  IJiiul. 
ftrr^eff  sent  for  Captain  Church  to  come  to  Boston, 
^  soon  as  his  business  would  permit;  whereupon  he 
went  f<>  Boston  and  waited  upon  his  honour,  who  told 
him  [that]  he  was  re<|Uested  by  the  council  to  send 
for  him.  to  see  if  he  could  be  prevailed  with  tu  raise 
volunteers,  l)f)th  Entilish  and  Indians  to  go  east ;  for 

liim,  "  Hut  liv  "  tablisli'mg  parrisons,  by  detaching  niinieroiis 
|);irtii'H,  to  i\. .  r>  tnt'ir  sc^'i'iiieiits,  find  destroy  tlieir  scanty  pro- 
viMidiiKt,  ho  ivduoi'd  thum  to  the  greatest  distress,  and  seciiriMJ 
tlio  country  from  their  incursions."  Holmes,  I,  474.  But  lie  did 
(w  nuK'h  iniseiiiei',  or  perhaps  more  than  he  did  good.  If  njuii- 
dered  Castine's  house,  a  Frenchman,  who  hud  great  intluenco 
among  the  Indians,  which  caused  him  to  stir  them  up  anew.  ISel- 
knap,  I,  ]<J(). 

*  'I'ho  eliango  of  government  at  home  being  mentioned  in  a 
preocding  note,  it  will  ho  necessary  here  to  t;ike  notice  only 
of  its  origin.  King  James  II,  in  his  eflbrts  to  establish  popei  / 
overthrew  iiimself.  He  published  cei-tiiin  declarations,  with 
injunctitJiiH  upon  the  clergy  to  read  them  to  the  people  atter 
service,  which  they  refused.  The  Bishops  in  an  address  to 
the  King,  remonstrated  that  they  could  not  read  his  declanu 
tions  consistent  with  their  consciencics;  and  they  were  immedi- 
ately prosecuted  for  a  seditious  Ht^el.  The  people  tool;  gr^at 
interest  in  their  trial,  and  when  they  xere  acquitted  the  re;  i- 
cing  was  almost  universal.  At'  this  very  juncture,  while 
people  were  enraged  against  the  King,  William,  Prince  ^ 
Orange,  who  had  married  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  King  James, 
liindeil  in  England  with  an  inmiense  army  from  Holland,  and 
were  |)roelaim('d  without  qiposition.  The  old  King  with  much  dif- 
liculty  ell'ected  his  escape  to  France.     Goldsmitii'a  Hist.  England. 

f  Simon  Bmdstreet  was  born  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  in 
March,  1()03,  and  lived  to  be  the  oldest  man  in  Newenglani. 
Atler  nuniying  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Dudley,  he  was  per- 
:<uaded  t"  nuiKo  a  settlement  in  Massachusetts.  In  1630  he 
was  chohiM  assistant  of  the  colony,  and  arrived  at  Salem  tho 
wimo  year.  He  was  in  several  important  ottiees,  and  at  length 
succeeded  Governour  Lcverett  in  the  chief  macistracy  of  Mas- 
saeliusetts,  in  which  otiice  he  continued  until  the  arrival  of 
Andross,  .vlieu  lie  was  superseded;  but  Andross,  in  1689, 
being  put  down,  Mr.  Bradstreet  again  at  sumed  the  government, 
and  eontinu.'d  in  it  until  the  an-ival  of  Sir  William  Phips,  in  1692. 
lie  di'.'d  in  t-alvm,  March,  1697,  aged  !j4  years,    Allen,  and  Eliot. 


I      • 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


153 


the  eastward  Indians  had  done  preat  spe  I  upon  the 
English  in  those  parts;  giving  him  .m  account  of  the 
miseries  and  sufferings  of  the  people  there.  Captain 
Church's  spirits  hein'j^  atfected,  said,  if  he  could  do 
any  service  for  his  honour,  the  country,  and  their  re- 
lief, he  was  ready  and  willing.  He  was  asked  how 
he  would  act?  He  said  [that]  he  would  take  with 
him  as  many  of  his  old  soldiers  as  he  could  get,  both 
English  and  Indions,  &c.  Tho  gentlemen  of  Boston 
requested  him  to  go  to  Ilhodeisland  government  to 
ask  their  assistance.  So  giving  him  their  letter,  and 
about  forty  shillii)gs  in  money,  he  took  leave  and  went 
home  to  Bristol*  on  a  Saturflay ;  and  the  next 
Monday  morning  he  went  over  to  Ilhodeisland.  ;iiid 
waited  upon  their  Governour.f  delivering  the  letter 
as  ordered,  [and]  prayed  his  honour  for  a  speedy  an- 
swer, who  said,  they  could  not  give  an  answer  pre- 
sently ;  so  he  waited  on  them  till  he  had  their  answer. 
And  when  he  had  obtained  it,  he  carried  it  to  the 
Boston  gentlemen,  who  desired  him  to  raise  what 
volunteers  he  could  in  Plymouth  colony,  and  Ilhode- 
island government,  and  what  was  wanting  they  would 
make  up  out  of  theirs  that  were  already  out  in  the 
eastern  parts. 

The  sutnnfier  being  far  spent,  Captain  Church  made 
what  despatch  he  could,  and  raised  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men,  volunteers,  and  received  his  com- 
mission from  Governour  HinkleyJ  which  is  as  fol- 
loweth,  viz; 

*He  settled  at  Bristol' soon  after  Philip's  war.  See  his  life 
page  XV. 

fWe  may  infer  from  Judge  Sewall's  diary,  in  Holmes,  I, 
468,  that  one'  Chirk  was  the  Governour  of  Rhodeishmd  in 
1686,  on  the  arrival  of  Andross,  who  of  course  was  dlsphiced. 
But  in  May  of  this  year,  1689,  it  was  resumed,  and  all  the  gener- 
al officers  replaced.  Ibid.  V'6.  T  have  not  even  learned  his 
baptismal  name.  A  good  histoi  y  (f  Rhodeisland  is  a  very  desirit- 
ble  work. 

JThomns  Ilinkley  was  born  about  the  year  1632.  I  find  no 
mention,  of  him,  until  ho  assumed  the  government,  or  ratiier 
G 


II 


R;i 


154 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


i:|l 


"  The  council  of  War  of  their  Majesties'  colony  of 
New  Plymouth  in  Ncwen gland:  Fo  Major  Benja- 
min  Church,  Commander  in  Chief. 

Whereas  the  Kennebeck  and  eastern  Indians  with 
their  confederates,  have  openly  made  war  upon  their 
Majesties'  subjects  of  the  province  of  Maiiie,  New- 
hiiinpshire,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  colony,  having 
coriitiiitted  many  barbarous  murders,  spoils  and  ra- 
pines upon  their  persons  and  estates.  And  whereas 
there  are  some  forces  of  soldiers,  English  and  Indi- 
ans, now  raised  and  detached  out  of  tho  several 
regiments  and  places  within  this  colony  of  New 
Plymouth,  to  go  forth  to  the  assistance  of  our  neigh- 
bours and  friends,  of  the  aforesaid  provinces  and 
colony  of  the  Massachusetts,  subjects  of  one  and  the 
some  crown;  and  to  join  with  their  forces  for  the 
repelling  and  destruction  of  the  common  enemy. 
And  whereas,  you  Benjamin  Church,  are  appointed  to 
be  Major,  and  commander  in  chief  of  all  the  forces, 
English  and  Indians,  detached  within  this  colony 
for  the  service  of  their  Majesties  aforesaid.  THESE 
are  in  their  Majesties'  name  to  authorize  and  require 
you  to  take  into  your  care  and  conduct  all  the  said 
i'orces,  English  and  Indians,  and  diligently  to  attend 
that  service,  by  leading  and  exercismg  of  your  inferi- 
our  ofBcers  and  soldiers,  commanding  them  to  obey 
you  as  their  chief  commander;  and  to  pursue,  fight, 
take,  kill,  or  destroy  the  said  enemies,  their  aiders 
and  abettors,  by  all  the  ways  and  means  you  can,  as 
you  shall  have  opportunity.  And  you  are  to  observe 
and  obey  all  such  orders  and  instructions  as  from 
time  to  time  you  shall  receive  from  the  commission- 
ers of  the  colonies,  the  council  of  war  of  this  colony, 
or  the  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts 

the  presidency  of  Plymouth  colony  after  the  fall  of  Aiidross, 
the  Caligula  of  Newengland,  in  1C89.  He  continued  in  this 
office  until  1692,  when  Sir  William  Phips  arrived.  He  died  at 
Barnstable,  in  1706,  aged  about  74  years.  Morton,  208.  Hutch- 
iiuion,  II    141. 


L 


FRENCH  AND  INDIA*,  WARS. 


15S 


colony.  In  testimony  whereof  the  pul)lirk  s(>nl  of  the 
siiiil  colony  of  New  Plyniouth  is  hereunto  uttixed. 
Dated  in  Plymouth,  the  sixth  day  of  Septemher, 
Anno  Domini,  1080.  Annnque  W'gni  Regis  at  Rv^i- 
nce  Willielmi  el  MaricB  Anglics,  ^c,  Prima.* 

THOMAS  II INKLE Y,  President. 

And  now  mnrchinj]j  them  nil  down  to  lioston,  then 
received  his  further  orders  and  instructions,  which  are 
as  followeth. 

t 

•'  Boston,  September  lOth,  1080. 
To   all  Sheriffs,   Marshoh,    Constables,   and  other 
ojpcers,  military  and  civil,  in  their  Majesties'  pro- 
vince of  Maine. 

Whereas  pursuant  to  an  a^reement  of  the  commis- 
fiioners  of  the  United  Colonies,  Major  Benjamin 
Church  is  commissionated  commander  in  chief  over 
that  part  of  their  Majesties'  forces,  (levied  for  the 
present  expedition  against  the  common  enemy)  whose 
liead  quarters  ar^  appointed  to  be  at  Falmouth,  In 
Casco  bay.  In  their  Majesties'  names,  you,  and 
every  of  you,  aie  required  to  be  aiding  and  assisting 
to  the  said  Major  Church  in  his  pursuit  of  the  enemy, 
as  any  emergency  shall  require ;  and  so  imprCvS 
boats  or  other  vessels,  carts,  carriages,  horses,  ox  •"■, 
provision  and  ammunition,  and  men  for  guides,  «fc  ;. 
as  you  shall  receive  warrants  from  the  said  Cor,.- 
mander  in  chief,  or  his  Lieutenant  so  to  do.  Y  ;m 
may  not  fail  to  do  the  same  speedily  and  ^ft'-r»;inHv, 
as  you  will  answer  your  neglect  and  cor  n  p(  i>\ 
their  Majesties'  authority  and  service  at  yuar  ,>t,iM-. 
most  peril.     Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  the  41  ay 

t  That  is.  And  of  the  reign  of  the  King  and  Queen,  William 
and  Mary  of  England,  tf-c,  the  first. 


^"i^ 


M 


156 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


and  year  above  written.     Annoque  Regni  Regis  tt 
Regince  Williemi  et  Marice  Primo. 

By  THOMAS  DANFORTH.* 

President  of  the  province  of  Maine" 

**  By  the  Governour  and  Council  of  Massachusetts. 
To  Major  Benjamin  Church. 

Whereas  you  are  appointed  and  commissioned  by 
the  council  of  war,  of'  the  colony  of  New  Piytn- 
outh,  commander  in  chief  of  the  forces  raised  with- 
in the  said  colony,  against  the  common  Indian  ene- 
my, now  ordered  into  the  eastern  parts  to  join  with 
some  of  the  forces  of  this  colony  ;  for  the  prosecu- 
tion, repelling  and  subduing  of  the  said  enemy.  It 
is  therefore  ordered  that  Captain  Simon  Willard, 
and  Captain  Nathaniel  Hall,  with  the  two  companies 
of  soldiers  under  their  several  commands,  belonging 
to  this  colony,  now  in  or  about  Casco  bay,  be,  and 
are  hereby  put  under  you,  as  their  commander  in 
chief  for  this  present  expedition. — And  of  the  com- 
missions severally  given  to  either  of  them,  they  are 
ordered  to  observe  and  obey  your  orders  and  direc- 
tions as  their  commander  in  chief  until  further  order 
from  the  Governour  and  council,  or  the  commission- 
ers of  the  colonies.  Dated  in  Boston  the  17th  day 
of  September,  Anno  Domini,  1098.     Annoque  Regni 

*  This  gentleman  was  bora  in  England  1622.  lie  was  a 
ni.in  of  influence,  which  he  employed  to  goou  account  in  the 
diflicult  days  of  Newenglaiid.  In  1679,  he  was  elected  depu- 
ty Governour,  and  tiie  same  year,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
province  of  Mauie,  chose  him  their  President.  On  the  arri- 
val of  the  tyrant,  Andross,  he  was  suspended  from  olliee. — 
He  died  in  1699,  aged  77  years.  Nothing  more  honourable, 
perhaps,  can  be  said  of  iiim,  considering  the  age  in  which  he 
lived,  tlian,  that  he  opposed  with  firmness  the  proceedings  of 
those  courts,  which  caused  such  a  foul  page  in  our  liistory  i)y 
their  detestable  prosecutions  and  persecutions  for  wUchcraft. 
See  Allen,  liiog.  240. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


li/7 


Regis  et  licgince  Guilidmi  et  Maria},  Angiia,  ^c. 
Priino. 

S.  BRADSTREET,  Gov. 
Past  in  Council.  Attest,  Isaac  Addington,*  Seer." 

"  By  the  Commissioners  of  the  Colonies  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts, Plymouth  and  Connecticut,  for  mana- 
ging the  present  war  against  the  common  en^my,    . 

Instructions  for  IMiijor  Benjamin  Church,  Comman- 
der in  Chief  of  the  Plymouth  forces,  with  others 
of  the  Massachusetts,  put  under  his  command. 
In  pnisuance  of  the  commission  given  you,  for 
their  Majesties'  service  in  the  present  expedition 
ajjainst  the  common  Indian  enemy,  their  aiders  and 
abettors;  reposing  confidence  in  your  wisdom,  pru- 
dence and  fidelity  in  tha  trust  committed  to  you  for 
the  honour  of  God,  good  of  his  people,  and  the  secu- 
rity of  the  interest  of  Christ  in  his  churches,  expect- 
ing and  praying  that  in  your  dependence  upon  him, 
you  may  be  helped  and  assisted  with  all  that  grace 
and  wisdom  which  is  requisite  for  carrying  you 
on  with  success  in  tiiis  difficult  service ;  and  though 
much  is  find  must  be  left  to  your  discretion,  as  pro- 
vidence and  opportunity  may  present  from  time 
to  time  in  places  of  attendance ;  yet  the  following 
instructions  are  commended  unto  your  observation, 
and  to  be  attended  to  so  fur  as  the  state  of  mat- 
ters with  you  in  such  a  transaction  will  admit. 
You  are  with  all  possible  speed  to  take  care  that  the 
-  . * 

*  Mr.  Addington  was  one  of  those  who  took  a  very  active 
part  ill  opposition  to  the  tyrivnnitiiil  measures  of  Andross.  On 
the  accession  of  William  and  Mary  he  was  appointed  Secre- 
tary, which  office  ne  discharged  witii  integrity  for  some  time. 
It  seems  that  in  those  davs,  as  well  as  at  the  present,  njlice 
seelicrs  were  not  entirely  unknown,  but,  "the  emoluments  of  tliat 
cilice  were  small,  compared  with  tlie  duty,  and  so  he  was  in  less 
danger  of  a  competitor."  He  belonged  to  the  council  for  many 
years,  and  was  respected  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  wisdom 
and  industry.     He  died  in  1714. 


■    S; 


158 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Plymouth  forces,  both  English  and  Indians  undei 
your  command,  be  fixed,  and  ready,  and  the  first  op- 
portunity of  wind  and  weather,  to  go  on  board  such 
vessels  as  are  provided  to  transport  you  and  them 
to  Casco,  where,  if  it  shall  please  God  you  arrive, 
you  are  to  take  under  your  care  and  command,  the 
companies  of  Captain  Nathaniel  Hall,  and  Captam 
^imon  Willard,  who  are  ordered  to  attend  your  com- 
mand, whom,  together  with  the  Plymouth  forces, 
and  such  as  from  time  to  time  may  be  added  unto 
you,  you  are  to  improve  in  such  way  as  you  sliali 
see  meet,  for  the  discovering,  pursuing,  subduing 
and  destroying  the  said  common  enemy,  by  all  op- 
portunities you  are  capable  of;  always  intending  the 
preserving  of  any  of  the  near  towns  from  incursions, 
and  destruction  of  the  enemy  ;  yet  chiefly  improving 
your  men  for  the  finding  and  following  the  snid 
enemy  abroad,  and  if  possible  to  find  out  and  attack 
their  head  quarters  and  principal  rendezvous,  if  you 
find  you  are  in  a  rational  capacity  for  so  doing. 
The  better  to  enable  you  thereto,  we  have  ordered 
two  men  of  war  sloops,  and  other  small  vessels  for 
transportation  to  attend  you  for  some  considerable 
time.  You  are  to  see  that  your  soldiers'  arms  be 
alwayfi  fixed,  and  that  they  be  furnished  with  ammu- 
nition, provisions  and  other  necessaries,  that  so  they 
may  be  in  readiness  to  repel  and  attack  the  enemy. 
In  your  pursuit  you  ai*e  to  take  special  care  to  avoid 
danger  by  ambushments,  or  being  drawn  under  any 
disadvantage  by  the  enemy  in  your  marches,  keep- 
ing out  scouts  and  a  forlorn  hope  before  your  main 
body,  and  by  all  possible  means  endeavouring  to  sur- 

ftrise  some  of  the  enemy,  that  so  you  may  gain  infel- 
igence.  You  are  to  suppress  all  mutinies  and  disorders 
among  your  soldiers,  as  much  as  in  you  lies,  and  to 
punish  such  as  disobey  your  officers,  according  to  the 
fules  of  war  herewith  given  you. 

You  are  according  to  your  opportunity,  or   any 
occasion  more  than  ordinary  occurring,  to  hold  cor 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


159 


respondence  with  Major  Swaine,  and  to  yield  mutual 
assistance  when,  and  as  you  are  capable  of  it,  and 
you  may  have  reason  to  judge  it  will  1)6  of  most 
publick  service,  and  it  will  be  meet,  [that]  you  and 
he  should  agree  of  some  signal,  whereby  your  In- 
dians may  be  known  from  the  enemy.  You  are  to 
encourage  your  soldiers  to  be  industrious,  vigorous, 
and  venturous  in  their  service,  to  search  out  and 
destroy  the  enemy,  acquainting  them,  it  is  agreed 
by  the  several  colonies,  that  they  shall  have  the 
benefit  of  the  captives,  and  all  lawful  plunder,  and 
the  reward  of  eight  pounds  per  head,  for  every 
fighting  Indian  man  slain  by  them,  over  and  above 
their  stated  wages ;  the  same  being  made  appear  to 
tile  commander  in  chief,  or  such  as  shall  be  appoint- 
ed to  take  care  therein.  If  your  commission  officers, 
or  any  of  them  should  be  slain,  or  otherwise  incapa- 
ble of  service,  and  for  such  reason  dismissed,  you 
are  to  appoint  others  in  their  room,  who  shall  have 
the  like  wages,  and  a  commission  sent  upon  notice 
given  ;  you  [are]  to  give  them  commissions  in  the 
mean  time.  You  are  to  take  effectual  care  that  the 
worship  of  God  be  kept  up  in  the  army ;  morning 
and  evening  prayer  attended  as  far  as  may  be,  and 
as  the  emergencies  of  your  affairs  will  admit;  to 
see  that  the  holy  Sabbath  be  duly  sanctified.  You 
are  to  take  care  as  much  as  may  be,  to  prevent  or 
punish  drunkenness,  swearing,  cursing  or  such  other 
sins  as  do  provoke  the  anger  of  God.  You  are  to 
advise  with  your  chief  officers  in  any  matters  of 
moment,  as  you  shall  have  ojiportunity.  You  are 
from  time  to  time  to  giv  ■  intelligence  and  advice  to 
the  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts,  or 
commissioners  of  the  colonies,  of  your  proceedings 
and  occurrences  thtvt  may  happen,  and  how  it  shall 
please  the  J<nrd  to  deal  with  you  in  this  present  ex- 
pedition. If  you  find  the  vessels  are  not  likely  to 
be  serviceable  to  you,  dismiss  them  as  soon  as  you 
may. 


k 
'1,1 


f  11 

1,  il 


11 


IGO 


FRENCfl  AND  INDIAN  WARS, 


Captain  Sylvanus  Davis  is  a  prudent  man  and  well 
acquainted  with  the  affairs  of  those  parts,  and  is  writ- 
ten unto  to  advise  and  inform  you  all  he  can. 

Such  iuriher  instructions  as  we  shall  see  reason 
to  send  unto  you,  you  are  carefully  to  attend  and 
ob.^erve ;  and  in  the  absence  of  the  commissioners, 
you  shall  observe  tlie  orders  and  instructions  direct- 
etl  unto  you  from  the  Governour  and  council  of  the 
Massachusetts. 

Given  undtr  our  hands  in  Boston,  Sept.  18,  1689. 

THOMAS  DANFORTH,  Pretident. 

E1.1SI1A  COOKK, 

PA.MUKh  MAtinN, 

WU-LIAM  FITKIN, 

THO.  MINKf^KV, 

JOHN  WALLEV. 


THE    FIRST    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

Being  ready,  Major  Church  embarked  with  nig 
forces  on  board  the  vessels  provided  to  transport 
them  for  Casco.*  Having  a  brave  pale  at  south- 
west, and  on  Friday  about  tliree  o'clock,  they  got 
in  sight  of  Casco  harbour.  And  discovering  two  or 
three  small  ships  there,  [and]  not  knov.ing  whether 
they  were  friends  or  enemies,  wiiereupon  the  said 
commander,  Major  Church,  gave  orders  that  every 
man  that  was  able  should  make  ready,  and  all  lie 
close;  giving  orders  how  they  should  act  in  case  they 
were  enemies.  He,  going  in  the  Mary  sloop,  together 
with  the  Resolution,  went  in  first,  being  both  well 
fitted  with  guns  and  men.  Coming  to  the  first,  hailed 
them,  who  said  they  were  friends ;  presently  man- 
ned their  boat,  brought   to,  and  so   came  along  '!ic 

*Wliat  \v.i9  since  included  in  the  trwns  of  Fiihnoutli,  Cape 
Elizabetli  and  Portland,  was  called  Casco.  It  is  8itu;it(;d  on 
Casco  bay.  This  bay  at  its  entrance  between  Cape  I'orpoise  and 
Cape  ]']lizab('th,  is  about  40  miles  wide.  Sullivan's  Hist.  Jlaine^ 
13.  In  Piiiiip's  war  depredations  wt-re  committed  here  by  tli# 
savages  and  many  were  killed,     lb.  198,  &.c. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


161 


side  of  [him.]'  [They]^  gave  the  said  Church  an 
account,  that  yesterday  there  was  a  very  jireat  army 
of  Indians,  and  French  with  tl-em  upon  the  island,'* 
at  the  going  out  of  the  harbour,"  and  that  they  were 
come  on  [)urpose  to  take  Casco  ibrt  and  town  ;t  like- 
wise informed  hitn  that  they  had  got  a  captive  wo- 
man aboard,  (Major  Walden'sJ  dtuif^hter,  of  Piscata- 
'  [tliem.]  '  [who] 

*  Tlipre  are  about  300  islands  in  Cjisco  bay.  Wlia1;'the  name 
of  tliis  was  I  Iiave  not  learned. 

t  Is  this  the  "body  of  GOO  Indiana,"  mentioned  by  Belknap, 
N.  II.  I,  2f)7,  that  were  going  to  attfiek  Casco  ?  I  do  not  find 
any  tiling  like  it  in  the  place  it  should  be.  He  cites  "  Church's 
memoirs,  104,"  perhaps  he  used  tlio  first  edition  of  tiiis  liistory, 
as  no  mention  of  any  thing  of  the  kind  is  seen  in  the  second. 
In  toudiing  upon  tiie  operations  under  Ciiurcii  in  1704,  lie 
says,  "wiiile  they  were  at  Mountdesert  Churcii  learned  from 
9  of  liis  prisoners"  of  the  body  of  Indians  just  named.  It 
will  be  seen  in  the  Fiflh  Exyedilion,  tliat  Liifaure's  son  in- 
formed Church  at  Montinicus,  of  some  French  and  Indians 
"tluit  were  to  go  westward  to  fight  the  Eiigli^jh,"  tiut  nothing 
of  tlie  kind  took  place  at  Mountdesert,  nor  any  information 
from  "9  prisoners,"  or  that  the  expedition  was  to  attack 
Casco. 

\  VV'aldron  is  now  the  correct  way  of  writing  tliis  name. 
Hubbard  wrote  it  as  our  autiior  does,  but  more  frecjuently  with 
an  r  after  the  e.  Some  other  historians  put  the  r  before  the  e, 
so  we  are  at  a  loss  i  ow  the  name  was  originally  spelt. 

^lajor  Richard  Waldron  was  a  native  of  Somersetshire, 
England,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  at  Cochecho,  now 
Dover,  Newhampshire.  Tiie  tragical  death  of  tliis  noted 
man  is  given  by  Dr.  Belknap,  Hist.  N.  {1.  I,  197,  198;  but  as 
that  excellent  work  is  not  in  the  hands  of  many,  it  ni  ly  be 
proper  to  give  the  particulars  in  this  place.  At  tiie  close  of 
I'hilip's  war,  many  of  the  western  Indians  fled  to  the  east- 
ward. Some  of  them,  witli  others  of  Pannacook  and  V\g- 
wocket,  had  assembled  at  Major  Waldron's  with  whom  they 
had  hiteiy  treated.  Captains  Syll  and  Hawthorne,  being 
despatclied  by  the  Massachusetts'  government  against  tlie 
Indians  on  the  Kennebeck,  arrived  there  with  their  men, 
under  orders  to  seize  all  Indians  that  had  been  concerned  in 
the  wai.  They  were  about  to  execute  their  orders  by  seiz- 
ing these  Indians,  but  Maj.  Waldron  formed  the  design  of 
taking  V.icm  in  a  shtmi  training,  which   he  had  invited  them 

11 


I?- 


162 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


qua)  tliMt  could  g,ve  him  a  full  account  o.'  theit 
numbers  iind  intentions.     He  bid  them  give  hu  ser- 

to  join  in.  Accordingly  nil  were  taken,  in  number  about  400. 
Tiioso  tliMt  were  not  found  to  have  been  in  the  former  war  were 
dismissed,  and  tiie  rest  were  sent  to  Boston.  About,  8  or  10 
were  hanj,'rd  a.s  murderers,  and  tiie  reni  sold  into  slavery.  This 
was  the  hitter  |iart  of  167fJ.  Now  13  years  had  e.xpired,  but 
revenge  remsiiiied  in  tiie  breasts  of  those  tribes  wliose  fiii'tids 
liad  been  so  erueily  treatt'd.  Tliey  tlierefore  formed  the  deslLm 
to  destroy  all  tiie  garri.soiis  at  Coclieelio,  vvliieh  was  thus  artfull/ 
eoiieerteti.  Two  sciuaws  were  to  get  permission  to  lodge  in 
each,  and  after  ail  was  still  in  tiie  dead  of  night,  they  were  to 
open  tlio  doors  for  their  friends.  No  fear  was  discovered  among 
tlie  Enn;lisli,  and  the  squaws  were  admitted.  One  of  those 
admitted  into  WaKiron's  garrison,  reflecting,  perhaps,  on  the 
ingratitude  siie  was  about  to  be  guilty  of^  tliought  to  warn 
the  iMiijor  of  liis  danger.  Siie  pretended  to  be  ill,  and  as  she  lie 
on  the  Honr  would  turn  hers.-lf  from  side  to  side,  as  tliough 
to  case  herself  of  pain  that  islie  pretended  to  have.  While 
in  this  exorcise  she  beg;'n  to  sing  and  repeat  the  following 
verse. 

«0  Major  Wnldo, 
You  Kroat  Siiffamore, 
O  whiit  will  yi>u  •!(>, 
Indiana  at  your  dour!" 

No  alarm  was  taken  at  this,  and  tlie  doors  were  opened 
according  to  tiieir  plan,  and  the  enemy  rusiied  in  with  griMt 
furj'.  'I'iiey  found  tiie  Major's  room  as  he  leaped  out  of  bed, 
but  witli  his  sword  lie  drove  them  through  two  or  three 
rooms,  and  as  he  turned  to  get  some  other  arms,  he  fell  stun- 
ned by  a  blow  with  the  hatchet.  They  dragged  him  into 
itis  hall  and  seated  him  on  a  table  in  a  great  chair,  and  then 
began  to  cut  his  tlosii  in  a  shocking  manner.  Some  in  turns 
gashed  his  naked  breast,  saying,  "I  cross  out  my  account."' 
Then  cutting  a  joint  from  a  linger,  would  say,  "Will  your 
tist  weigli  a  pound  now'"*  His  nose  and  ears  were  then  cut 
ort'  and  forced  into  his  mouth.  He  soon  fainted,  and  fell  from 
ills  seat,  and  one  held  his  own  sword  under  him,  wlii(;h  jias- 
sed  throngli  his  body,  and  he  expired.  The  family  were 
forced  to  provide  them  a  supper  while  they  were  murdering 

the 

•  It  Is  u  Irnditinu  concernin);  Mnjor  Waldron,  that  he  used  in  tra.ling  with  the 
(ndlonfi,  to  count  lu»  Hut  ii»  weighing  a  pouiid,  nl.so  that  hi»  accor.iits  were  l'ul>4<i 
and  not  crossed  out  acoordiiKj  to  agieement.  Itut  in  jiisljco  to  the  Major,  it  sh;uld 
bu  remembereil,  that  m1i'jiii);u  Indians,  wlio  thought  tlieinitelve!!  injured  by  ouo 
£ai{liatunun,  would  tiiko  ruveni^e  on  Uie  tli'st  tliul  tell  into  their  hands. 


~\ 


S.sft»t#'/' 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


163 


vice  to  their  captain,  and  tell  hinn,  [that]  he  would 
wait  upon  him  after  he  had  been  on  shore  and  given 
some  orders  and  directions.  Being  come  pretty 
near,  he  ordered  all  the  men  still  to  keep  close; 
giving  an  account  of  the  news  [which]  he  had  re- 
ceived, and  then  went  ashore;  where  were  several 
of  the  chief  men  of  the  town,  who  met  him.  bein<r 
glad  that  he  came  so  happily  to  their  relief;  t<»ld  him 
the  new.s  [that]  Mrs.  Lee*  had  given  them,  being  the 
woman  aforesaid. 

He  [went]'  to  Captain  Davis,f  to  get  some  refresh- 
ment, having  not  eaten  a  morsel  since  he  came  by 
Boston  castle.  Anfl  now  having  inquired  into  the 
state  of  the  town,  found  them  in  a  poor  condition  to 
defend  themselves  against  such  a  number  of  enemies. 
He  gave  them  an  account  of  his  orders  and  instruc- 
tions, and  told  them  wnut  forces  lie  had  brought,  and 
'  [g"i''^^] 

tlie  Major.  This  was  on  Tiiursday  27  June,  HiSfJ.  M:>jor 
Waldrou  was  80  years  old  when  killed.  Fifty  two  persons 
were  killed,  and  taken  captive,  of  the  tornier  were  23.  AIS. 
Recollections. 

*  Daughter  of  iMajor  Waldron,  as  mentioned  above.  She  was 
taken  the  same  time  her  father  was  killed,  as  related  in  the  last 
note.  Her  hnsband's  name  was  Abraham  l^'e,  who  was  killed 
when  the  jjarrison  was  tidien. 

f  Captain  Sylvanns  Davis,  the  same  mentioned  in  the  preced- 
ing Instructions.  By  Hutchinson,  11,21,  it  ai)pears  that  he  was 
once  taken  prisoner  and  carried  to  Canada,  and  that  he  com- 
manded the  fort  at  Casco  from  wliich  lie  was  t  iken,  which,  I 
suppose,  was  in  1690;  for  in  that  year  tlie  country  upon  the 
bay  was  desolated.  There  were  a  number  of  garrisons,  and  a 
fort,  but  were  all  taken.  Captain  Davis  with  one  Captain 
Lake  were  besieged  on  Arrowsike  island  in  16*G,  but  cli'eeted 
their  escape  out  of  the  back  door  of  a  house,  and  ran  to 
the  water's  edge,  and  in  a  boat  tied  to  the  nearest  land.  Capt. 
Luke  was  shot  down  .as  he  landed,  but  Davis  escaped  witii  a 
vvouJid.  The  Ijody  of  Lake  was  afterward  ftuiid,  and  con- 
veyed away  by  Major  Waldron,  Davis,  on  the  arrival  of  (iov. 
Phips,  in  1602,  was  appointed  one  of  the  counsellors  for  the 
eastern  ciuntry.  How  long  he  continued  iu  that  ollice  is  r.ot 
known  to  me,  but  by  Sullivan,  167,  it  appears  that  lie  sustained 
it  in  1701. 


If 
1 


li 


4m 

m 


r  I 


i 

i 


1G4 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


that  when  it  was  dark  they  should  all  Ian*  and  not 
before,  lest  the  enemy  should  discover  them.  And 
then  he  went  on  board  the  privateer  [which  was  a 
Dutchman.]^  But  as  he  went,  called  on  board  every 
vessel,  and  ordered  the  officers  to  take  care  that  their 
men  might  be  all  fitted  and  provided  to  fight;  for  the 
people  of  the  town  expected  the  enemy  to  fall  upon 
them  every  minute.  But  withal,  charging  them  to 
J'.cop  undiscovered. 

And  coming  on  board  said  privateer,  was  kindly 
treated,  [lie]  discoursed  [with]  Mrs.  Lee,  who  in- 
formed him,  that  the  company  she  came  with,  had 
four  score  canoes,  and  that  there  were  more  of  them, 
whom  she  had  not  seen,  which  came  from  other  pla- 
ces, and  that  they  told  her,  when  they  come  all  to- 
gether should  make  up  seven  hundred  men.  lie 
asked  her  whether  Casteen*  was  with  them?  8he 
answered,  that  there  were  several  French  men  with 

'  [v.iio  were  Dutclimen] 


*  Baron  De  St.  Castinc,  a  very  extraordinary  character.  Ac- 
cording to  Voltaire  and  tlie  Abbe  Raynal  he  liad  been  Colonel 
of  the  regiment  of  Corignon,  in  France,  and  was  a  man  of 
family  and  fortune.  He  came  to  America  in  1670,  and  settled 
among  the  Penobscot  Indians;  married  a  daughter  of  the  eliief, 
and  had  several  other  wives.  13y  tlie  treaty  of  Breda,  tlie  terri- 
tory beyond  the  Penobscot  was  ceded  to  France,  and  Castino 
lived  within  tliat  country.  Some  dilliculty  arose  about  a  cargo 
of  wine,  which  was  landed  in  the  country,  and  a  new  line  was 
run  by  the  English,  by  vi'hich  tlie  place  of  landing,  tr)gctiier  with 
Castine'a  lands,  was  taken  within  the  English  claim.  Andross, 
in  his  expedition  before  named,  plundered  Castine's  house  of 
every  thing  valuable  in  his  absence.  This  base  act  so  exaspeni- 
ted  him,  that  he  used  his  exertions  to  inflame  tin?  Inili;ni3 
against  the  Englisii,  which  ho  ett'ectually  did,  and  their  chief 
supplies  of  arms  and  ammunition  were  furnisiied  by  liini.  He  had 
an  estate  in  France,  to  which  he  retired  wli  ;n  the  French  lost 
their  possessions  in  that  part  of  the  country.  See  Sullivan's 
Hist.  93,  158,  22G.  Hist.  N.  H.  I,  195,  196.  If  we  name 
this  war  from  those  that  occasioned  it,  wo  may  call  it  Caa- 
tine's  war.  But  the  French,  perhaps,  would  call  it  Androsa* 
war. 


1 


FRENCH  AND  INDIANS  WARS. 


105 


them,  but  did  not  know  whether  Casteen  was  there 
or  not.  He  then  having  got  what  intelligence  she 
could  give  him,  went  ashore  and  viewed  the  fort  and 
town;  disc<  arsing  with  t  .3  gentlemen  there  accord- 
ing to  his  instructions. 

And  when  it  began  to  grow  dark,  he  ordered  the 
vessels  to  come  as  near  the  fort  as  might  be,  and  la  nil 
the  soldiers  with  as  little  noise  as  possible;  ordt'rihj^ 
them  as  they  landed  to  go  into  the  fort  and  houses, 
that  stood  near,  that  so  they  might  be  ready  upon 
occasioii.  K  ,  ing  ordered  provisions  for  them,  [lie] 
went  t6  every  company  and  ordering  them  to  get 
every  thing  rendy;  they  that  had  no  powderhorns  or 
shotl)ngv  should  immedmtely  make  tliem;  ordering 
the  officers  to  take  special  care  that  tliey  were  re;uly 
to  march  '  to  the  woods  an  hour  before  day;  and 
also  directing  the  watch  to  call  him  twt)  hours  belore 
day.     So  he  hastened  to  bed  to  get  some  rest. 

At  the  time  prefixed  he  was  called  and  presently 
ordering  the  companies  to  make  ready,  and  about 
half  an  hour  before  day  they  moved.  Several  of  the 
town's  people  went  with  them  into  a  thick  i)Iace  of 
brush  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town.  Now  order- 
ing them  t^  .»end  out  their  scouts  as  they  used  to  do, 
and  seeing  tliPin  all  settled  at  their  work,  he  went  in- 
to town  by  sunrise  again,  and  desired  the  inhabitants 
to  take  c^re  of  themselves,  till  his  men  harl  fitted 
themselves  with  some  "necessaries;  for  his  Indians, 
most  of  ther ,  wanted  both  bags  and  horns.  So  he 
ordered  then,  .0  m.ske  bags  like  wallets,  to  put  pow- 
der in  one  end,  i..;d  shot  in  the  other. 

So  most  <  \  them  were  ready  for  action,  viz.,  the 
Seconet  Indians,  but  the  Cape  Indians  were  very 
bare,  lying  so  long  at  Boston  before  they  embarked, 
that  they  had  sold  every  thing  [that]  they  could  make 
a  penny  of;  s  )me  tying  shot  and  powder  in  the  cor- 
ners of  their  clankets. 

'  He  being  'v*  town,  just  going  to  breakfast,  there 
was  an  alarm;  so  he  ordered  all  the  soldiers  in  town  to 


W  m 

f| 

'1 

I 


108 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


\hl 


move  awny  as  fast  thev  could,  where  the  firinff 
was.  And  he,  with  wha'  i\i'  i  more  were  witli  himoT 
his  soldiers,  moved  imtriuniateiy.  [They  met]'  with 
IJaptain  Hracket's*  sons,  who  told  [fhem  that,]^  their 
lather  was  taken ;  and  that  they  saw  a  great  army  of , 
Indians  in  their  father's  orchard,  iVc.  liy  this  time 
our  Indians  that  wanted  baps  and  horns  were  fitted, 
hut  wanted  more  ammunition.  Presently  came  a 
messenger  to  him  from  the  town,  and  informed  him, 
that  they  had  knocked  out  the  heads  of  several  easks 
of  bullets,  and  they  were  9II  too  l)ig,  being  musket 
bullets,  and  would  not  fit  their  guns,  and  that  if  lie 
did  not  go  back  himself  a  great  part  of  the  army 
vv(»uld  be  kept  back  from  sefvice  for  want  of  suitable 
bullets. 

lie  ran  back  and  ordered  every  vessel  to  send 
ashore  all  their  ca.^ks  of  bullets;  being  brought, 
Lthcy]  knocked  out  their  heads,  and  turned  them  all 
out  upon  the  green  by  the  fort,  and  set  all  the  peo- 
ple in  the  town,  that  were  able,  to  make  slugs;  being 

'  [and  meeting]  '  [him] 


""(^iiptiuii  Aiitliony  Bracket,  an  early  setller  on  Caseo  bay, 
wlicrt^  liis  posterity  yet  remain.  Notice  is  tal»en  by  Sullivan, 
1 !(),  that  the  t"'mily  were  considerable  landhoklers  in  Falmouth, 
between  the  1G80,  and  U)!)0,  under  a  title  of  the  government, 
HJgned  by  president  Danforth.  lb.  19(5,  197.  When  Casco  waa 
destroyed  in  167(5,  Captain  Bracket  with  his  wife  and  one  eiiild 
was  taken  by  the  savages.  This  wa^i  on  the  11  August,  and  tlie 
November  following  they  made  their  escape.  Those  that 
had  tiiem  prisoners,  landed  them  on  t!ie  north  .shore  of  the 
bay,  and  here  their  keepers  had  intelligenee  of  a  valuable  house, 
taken  by  another  parly,  the  spoils  of  which  they  were  eager 
to  Hliare;  therefore,  leaving  Bracket,  iiis  wife  juid  child,  and  a 
negro,  \\\{\i  some  provisions,  who  promised  that  they  would 
come  alter,  and  departed.  They  found  an  old  b'reh  canoe,  in 
wliieh  they  escaj)ed  to  the  other  side  of  the  bay,  where,  only 
tiie  day  before  the  enemy  had  left.  Here  they  got  on  bo.ard  11 
VfHMcl  lioinid  I0  Pascata(]na,  were  they  arrived  .safe.  Hubbard, 
2!i;i  to  Uyn.  What  time  Bracket  returned  to  his  lands  does  not 
appear.  When  Andross  erected  forts  there  in  1(588,  Captain 
IJraeket  was  put  in  conunand  of  three.     Sullivan,  260. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


107 


{)o\V(ler  u] 
land,  and  _oi 
He  pen  -jp 
of,  went  to  sc. 


most  of  them  too  large  for  their  use,  wh.^h  had  hke 
to  have  been  the  overthrow  of  their  \vh(»le  army. 
He  finding  some  small  bullets,  and  what  slugs  were 
made,  and  three  knaj)sacks  oi'  powder,  went  imme- 
diately to  the  army,  which  was  very  hotly  engaged. 
But  coming  to  the  river  the  tide  waii.up;  he  called  to 
his  men  ihat  were  engaged,  encouraging  them,  and 
told  them  [  he  hud  brought  more  annnunition  for 

them.      An    )i  called   Captain   Lightfoot,*    laid 

down  his  gui  >  came  over  the  river,  tiiking  the 
eud,  and  a  kettle  of  bullet#in  each 
♦o  his  fellow  soldiers. 
•at  firing  upon  that  side  he  was 
1 1'  they  were,  and  found  them  to  lie 
two  of  Major  Church's  com|)anies,  one  of  i'iiigli^h 
and  the  other  of  Indians,  being  in  all  about  fourscore 
men,  that  had  not  got  t)ver  the  r^ver,  but  lay  firing 
over  our  men's  heads  at  the  enemy.  He  presently 
ordered  them  to  rally,  and  come  all  together,  anil 
gave  the  word  for  a  Casco  man.  So  one  Swarton,  a 
Jersey  man,t  appearing,  whom  he  could  liaidly  un- 
derstand. He  asked  him  how  far  it  was  to  the  head 
of  the  river,  or  whether  there  were  any  })lace  to  get 
over?  He  said  [that]  there  was  a  bridge  about  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  up,  \\  here  they  might  get  over. 
So  he  calling  to  his  soldiers,  enga:;ed  on  the  other 
side,  that  he  would  soon  be  with  them  over  the 
bridge,  and  come  upon  the  backs  of  the  enemy, 
which  put  new  courage  into  them.  So  they  imme- 
diately moved  up  towards  the  bridge,  marching  very 
thin;  being  willing  to  make  what  show  they  could; 
shouting  as  they  marched.  They  saw  the  enemy 
running  from  the  river  side,  where  they  had  made 
stands  with  wood  to  prevent  any  body  from  coming 
over  the  river;  and  coming  to  the  bridge,  they  saw 
on  the  other  side,  that  the  enemy  had  laid  logs,  and 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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168 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Hi   ! 


stuck  birch  brush  along  to  hide  themselves  from  our 
view. 

He  ordered  the  company  to  come  altogether,  bid- 
ding them  all  to  run  after  him,  who  would  go  first ; 
and  that  as  soon  as  they  got  over  the  bridge,  to  scat- 
ter; that  so  they  might  not  all  be  shot  down  to- 
gether; expecting  the  enemy  to  be  at  their  stands. 
ISo  running  up  to  the  stands,  found  none  there,  but 
were  just  gone;  the  ground  being  much  tumbled 
with  them  behind  the  said  stands.  He  ordered 
the  Ca^ain  with  his  company  of  English  to  march 
down  to  our  men,  engaged,  and  that  thev  should  keep 
along  upon  the  edge  of  the  marsh,  and^imself,  with 
his  Indian  soldiers  would  march  down  through  the 
brush.  And  coming  to  a  parcel  of  low  ground, 
which  had  been  formerly  burnt,  the  old  brush  being 
fallen  down,  lay  uery  thick,  and  the  young  brush 
being  grown  up,  made  it  bad  travelling.  But  com- 
ing near  the  back  of  the  enemy,  one  of  his  men  call- 
ed unto  him,  (their  commander)  and  said,  "The  ene- 
my run  westward  to  get  between  us  and  the  bridge." 
And  he  looking  that  way,  saw  men  running;  and 
making  a  small  stop,  heard  no  firing,  but  a  great 
chopping  with  hatchets;  so  concluding  the  fight  was 
over,  made  the  best  of  their  way  to  the  bridge  again ; 
lest  the  enemy  should  get  over  the  bridge  into  the 
town. 

The  men  being  most  of  them  out,  (our  ammuni- 
tion lay  exposed)  [and]  coming  to  the  bridge  where 
he  left  six  Indians  for  an  ambuscade  on  the  other  side 
of  the  river,  that  if  any  enemy  offered  to  come  over, 
they  should  fire  at  them,  which  would  give  him  notice; 
so  would  come  to  their  assistance.  (But  in  the  way, 
having  heard  no  firing,  nor  shouting,  concluded  the 
enemy  were  drawn  off.)  He  asked  the  ambuscade 
whether  they  saw  any  Indians?  they  said  "Yes, 
abundance."  He  asked  them  where?  They  answer- 
ed, that  they  ran  over  the  head  of  the  river  by  the 


i  i 


THR  FIQHT  .47'  CJi$CO.       P.  loa 


FRENCH  AND  IN.  IAN  WARS. 


*<J9 


ceAnr  swamp,  and  were  running  into  the  neck  to- 
wards the  town. 

There  being  but  one  Englishman  with  him,  he  bid 
his  Indian  soldiers  scatter,  [and]  run  very  thin,  to 
preserve  themselves  and  be  the  better  able  to  make 
a  discovery  of  the  enemy.  And  soon  coming  to 
Lieutenant  Clark's*  field,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
neck,/and  seeing  the  cattle  feeding  quietly,  and  per- 
ceiving no  track,  concluded  the  ambuscade  haa  told 
them  a  falsehood.  They  hastily  returned  back  to 
the  said  bridge,  perceiving  [thatj  there  was  no  noise 
of  the  enemy. 

He  hearing  several  great  guns  fire  at  the  town 
concluded  that  they  were  either  assaulted,  or  that 
they  had  discovered  the  enemy ;  [ — ^  having  order- 
ed that  in  case  such  should  be,  that  they  should  fire 
some  of  their  great  guns  to  give  him  notice.  He 
being  a  stranger  to  the  country,  concluded  [that]  the 
enemy  had,  by  some  other  way,  got  to  the  town ; 
whereupon  he  sent  his  men  to  the  town,  and  himself 
going  to  the  river,  near  where  the  fight  had  been, 
asked. them  how  they  did,  and  what  was  become  of 
the  enemy "?  [They]*  informed  him  that  the  enemy 
drew  off  in  less  than  an  hour  after  he  left  them,  and 
had  not  fired  a  gun  at  them  since.  He  told  them 
[that]  he  had  been  within  little  more  than  a  gun 
shot  of  the  back  of  the  enemy,  and  had  been  upon 
them,  had  it  not  been  for  thick  brushy  ground,  &,c. 

Now  some  of  his  men  returning  from  the  town, 
gave  him  the  account,  that  they  went  while  they  saw 
1  [He]  a  [Who] 

•  The  name  of  Clark  occurs  early  amone  the  first  claimers- 
ofthesoil  in  this  part  of  the  country.  To  Thomas  Clark 
and  Roger  Spencer,  was  sold  the  island  of  Arrowseag,  as  the 
Indians  called  it,  but  the  English,  Arrowsike.  It  appears 
also  that  Clark  possessed  lands  on  the  main,  from  whence  he 
was  driven  in  1675.  Sullivan,  145,  169,  173.  This  if  not 
the  same  may  be  a  relative.  Mather,  Mag.,  534,  informs  us, 
that  one  Lieut.  Clark  was  killed  here  in  a  sally  in  May 
1690. 

H 


.70 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIvS. 


the  colours  standing,  and  men  walking  about  as  not 
molested.  He  presently  ordered  tiiat  all  his  army* 
should  pursue  the  enemy,  but  they  told  him  that 
most  of  them  had  spent  their  ammunition ;  and  that 
if  the  enemy  had  engaged  the'  i  a  little  longer,  they 
might  have  come  and  knocked  them  on  the  head ; 
and  that  some  of  their  bullets  were  so  unsizeable, 
that  some  of  them  were  forced  to  make  slugs  while 
they  were  engaged. 

He  then  ordered  them  to  get  over  all  the  wrunded 
and  dead  men,  and  to  leave  none  behind,  which  was 
done  by  some  canoes  they  had  got.  Captain  Halff 
and  hijj  men  being  first  engaged,  did  great  damapje, 
and  suffered  the  greatest  loss  in  his  men.  But  Cup- 
tam  Southworth,!  with  his  company,  and  Captain 
Numposh  with  the  Seconet  Inaians,  and  the  most  of 
the  men  belonging  to  the  town  all  coming  suddenly 
to  his  relief,  prevented  him  and  his  whole  company 
from  being  cut  off,  &c. 

By  this  time  the  day  was  far  spent,  and  marching 
into  town  about  sunset;  carrying  in  all  their  wounded 
and  dead  men  ;  being  all  sensible  of  God's  goodness 
to  them,  in  giving  them  the  victory,  and  causing  the 
enemy  to  fly  with  shame ;  who  never  gave  one  shout 
at  their  drawing  off.  The  poor  inhabitants  wonder- 
fully rejoicod  that  the  Almighty  had  favoured  them 
so  much  ;  saying,  that  if  Major  Church  with  his  for- 
ces had  not  come  at  that  juncture,  they  had  been  all 
cut  ofl";  and  said  further,  that  it  was  the  first  time, 
that  ever  the  eastward  Indians  had  been  put  to  flight. 

«  How  numerous  this  army  was  is  not  tol  I  lis,  but  it  proba- 
oly  consisted  of  near  400  men,  as  his  own  volunteers  number- 
ed 250,  and  these  men  were  joined  by  two  other  companies 
as  mentioned  in  his  commission  from  the  Massachusetts  gov- 
ernment. 

t  Captain  Nathaniel  Hall  was  of  the  Massachusetts  where 
the  name  is  very  common  at  this  day.  Mather,  MaR.  H, 
515,  says, "  he  had  been  a  valiant  captain  in  the  former  war." 

X  Captain  Nathaniel  Soulhworth  of  Plymouth  colony.  I 
find  no  particulars  of  him. 


1 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


171 


Tho  said  Church  with  his  volunteers  were  wonder- 
fully preserved,  having  never  a  man  killed  outright, 
and  but  one  Indian  mortally  wounded,  \vho  died ; 
several  more  being  badly  wounded,  but  recovered.* 
After  this  engagement  Major  Chufch,  with  his  for- 
ces, ranging  all  the  country  thereabout,  in  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  and  visiting  all  the  garrisons  at  Black 
point,f  Spurwink,|  and  Blue  point,'^  and  went  up 
Kennebeckjl  river,  but  to  little  effect.  And  nDw 
winter  drawing  near,  he  received  orders  from  tho 
government  of  Massachusetts  bay,  to  settle  all  the 
garrisons,  and  put  in  suitable  officers  according  to 
his  best  discretion,  and  to  send  home  all  his  soldiers, 
volunteers  and  transports,  which  orders  he  presently 
obeyed. IT  Being  obliged  to  buy  him  a  horse  to  go 
home  by  land,  that  so  he  might  the  better  comply 
with  his  orders. 

•.  The  killed  and  wounded  spoken  of  above  as  being 
brought  over  in  canoes,  were  Captain  Hall's  men  Bv  this 
statement  reference  is  only  made  to  the  Plymouth  forces. 
Mather  says,  that  10 or  12  were  killed.     MagnaUa,  II,  515. 

t  A  short  distance  to  the  west  of  Cape  Elizanelh,  in  the 
^own  of  Scarborough,  and  was  called  the  east  paiiah. 

t  "  On  the  west  line  of  Cape  Elizabeth  [town|  or  on  the 
ast  line  of  Scarborough."     A  small  river  meets  ihe  sea  here 
ff  the  same  name.     Sullivan,  26,  115. 

§  A  little  to  the  west  of  Black  point  and  was  the  west  par- 
ish of  Scarborough,     lb,  218. 

II  Sullivan,  31,  tells  us,  that  this  name,  "  no  doubt,"  is  de- 
rived "  from  a  race  of  Sagamores  of  the  name  of  Kenebis." 
This  noble  and  beautiful  river  enters  the  ocean  to  the  east  of 
Casco  bay,  in  about  33  d.  42  min.,  north  latitude.  It  is  the 
ancient  Sagadahock,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  place  where 
the  first  settlement  was  made  in  Newengland.  It  was  on  an 
island  at  the  mouth  of  said  river,  called  Stage  island,  in  1607, 
by  a  colony  of  100  persons  in  two  ships  under  the  direction  of 
Sir  John  Popham.  But  the  next  year,  their  chief  men  being 
dead,  the  colony  returned  to  England.  An  earlier  date  is 
assigned  to  the  iliscovery  of  .he  river  by  the  French,  namely, 
in  ItiOt.  See  an  anecdote  of  this  settlement  in  the  Appen- 
dix, No.  Xli,  4. 

IT  At  this  time,  the  whole  eastern  country  was  saved  by 
this  expedition.     Sullivan,  203.    - 


172 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


The  poor  people,  the  inhabitants  of  Cusco,  ai  d 
places  adjacent,  when  they  saw  [that]  he  was  going 
away  from  them,  lamented  sadly,  and  begged  earn* 
estly  that  he  wouH  suflfer  them  to  come  away  in  the 
transports ;  saying,  that  if  he  left  them  there,  that 
in  the  spring  of  the  year,  the  enemy  would  come  and 
destroy  them  and  their  families,  &c.  So  by  their 
earnest  request,  the  said  Major  Church  promised 
then,  that  if  the  governments  that  had  now  sent  him, 
would  send  him  the  next  spring,  he  would  certainly 
come  with  his  volunteers  and  Indians  to  their,relief ; 
ond,  that  as  sooi  as  he  had  been  at  home,  and  taken 
a  little  care  of  his  own  business,  he  would  certainly 
wait  upon  the  gentleoien  of  Boston,  and  inform  them 
of  the  promise  [that]  he  had  made  to  them ;  and  if 
they  did  not  see  cause  to  send  them  relief,  to  entreat 
their  honours,  seasonably  ^o  draw  them  off,  that  they 
might  not  be  a  prey  to  the  barbarous  enemy. 

Taking  his  leave  of  those  poor  inhabitants,  some 
of  the  chief  men  there,  waited  upon  him  to  Black 
point,  to  Captain  Scottaway's*  garrison.  Coming 
there,  they  prevailed  with  the  said  Captain  Scottaway 
to  go  with  him  to  Boston,  which  he  readily  complied 
with,  provided  the  said  Church  would  put  another  in 
to  command  the  garrison ;  which  being  done,  and 
taking  their  leave  one  of  another,  they  set  out  and 
travelled  through  all  the  country,  home  to  Boston ; 
(having  employed  himself  to  the  utmost  to  fulfil  his 
instructions,  last  received  from  Boston ;  which  cost 
him  about  a  month's  service  over  and  above  what  he 
had  pay  for  from  the  Plymouth  gentlemen.)  And  in 
his  travel  homeward,  several  gentlemen  waited  upon 
the  said  Major  Church,  who  was  obliged  to  bear  their 
expenses.f 

*  No  more  of  this  gentleman  is  found,  than  what  is  given  in 
this  place. 

t  Whether  this  was  a  general  custom  in  those  days,  or  not, 
i  have  taken  no  trouble  to  ascertain,  but  it  would  contribute 
very  little  to  the  dignity  of  an  oihce  now. 


I> 


II!     :l;ii 


=fczr- 


rRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


173 


When  he  canie  to  BoiAon  gentlemen,  he  informed 
them  of  the  miseries  those  poor  people  were  in,  by 
having  their  provisions  taken  from  them  by  order  of 
the  president,*  &c.,  then  went  home. 

[He]  staid  not  long  there  before  he  returned  to 
Boston,  where  Captain  Scottaway  waited  for  his  com- 
ing, that  he  might  have  the  determination  of  the  go- 
vernment of  Boston  to  carry  home  with  him.  [ — ]^ 
It  being  the  time  of  the  small  pox  there,  ([ — ^  Ma- 
jor Church  not  having  had  it)  [he  tookp  up  his  lodg- 
mg  near  the  Court  house,  [and  had]^  the  first  oppor- 
tunity to  inform  those  gentlemen  of  the  Court  [of] 
his  business.  [They]*  said  [that]  they  were  very 
busy  in  sending  home  Sir  Edmund,  the  ship  being 
ready  to  sail. 

The  said  Major  Church  still  waited  upon  them, 
and  at  every  opportunity  entreated  those  gentlemen 
in  behalf  of"  the  poor  people  of  Casco,  informing  the 
necessity  of  taking  c^re  of  them,  either  by  sending 
them  relief  early  in  the  spring,  or  suffer  them  to  draw 
off,  otherwise  they  would  certainly  be  destroyed,  &c. 
Their  answer  was,  that  they  could  do  nothing  till  Sir 
Edmund  was  gone.  Waiting  there  three  weeks  upon 
great  expenses,  he  concluded  to  draw  up  some  of  the 
circumstances  of  Casco,  and  places  adjacent,  and  to 
leave  it  upon  the  council  board,  before  the  Gover- 
nour  and  council.  Having  got  it  done,  obtained 
liberty  to  go  up  where  the  Governour  and  council 
were  sitting,  he  informed  their  honours,  that  he  ly'xd 
waited  till  his  patience  was  worn  out,  so  had  drawi. 
u[)  the  matter  to  leave  upon  the  board  before  them, 
which  is  as  follows. 

"  To  tJie  honoured  Governour  and  council  of  the 
Massachusetts. 
•  Gentlemen, 

Whereas  by  virtue  of  yours,  with  Plymouth's  do- 
»  [and]     2  [and]    »  [talcing]     4  [took]    5  [who] 

'Thomas  Danforth. 


: 


i 


I!    'I 


174 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAKS. 


sires  and  commamls,  I  went  eastward  in  the  last  ex- 
pedition against  tiio  common  Indian  rncniy,  whero 
providence  so  ordered  that  we  attacked  their  great- 
est body  of  forces,  coming  then  for  tlie  destruction 
of  Falmouth,  which  we  know  marchcid  off  repulsed 
with  considerable  damr.ge,  leaving  the  ground,  and 
have  never  since  [been]  seen  there,  or  in  any  place 
adjacent.  The  time  of  the  year  being  then  too  late 
to  prosecute  any  further  design,  and  other  accidents 
falling  out  contrary  to  my  expectation,  impeded  the 
desired  success.  Upon  my  then  removal  from  the 
province  of  Maine,  the  inhabitants  were  very  solici- 
tous that  this  enemy  might  be  further  prosecuted, 
willing  to  venture  their  lives  and  fortunes,  in  tlie  said 
enterprise,  wherein  they  might  serve  God,  their  King, 
and  country,  and  enjoy  quiet  and  peaceq.ble  habita- 
tions. Upon  which  I  promised  to  signify  the  same 
to  yourselves,  and  willing  to  venture  that  little  which 
providence  hath  betrusted  me  with,  on  the  said  ac- 
count. The  season  of  the  year  being  such,  if  some 
speedy  action  be  not  performed  in  attacking  them, 
they  will  certainly  be  upon  us  in  our  out  towns,  God 
knows  where,  and  the  inhabitants  there,  not  being 
able  to  defend  themselves,  without  doubt  many  souls 
may  be  cut  off,  as  our  last  year's  experience  wofully 
hath  declared.  The  inhabitants  there,  trust  to  your 
protection,  having  undertaken  government  and  your 
propriety ;  if  nothing  be  performed  on  tlie  said  ac- 
count the  best  way,  under  correction,  is  to  demolish 
the  garrison,  and  draw  otf  the  inhabitants,  that  they 
may  not  be  left  to  a  merciless  enemy ;  and  that  the 
arms  «nd  ammunition  may  not  be  tliere  for  the 
strengthening  of  the  enemy,  who  without  doo  bt  have 
need  enough,  having  exhausted  their  greatest  store 
in  this  winter  sea  .on.  I  have  performed  my  promise 
to  tliem,  and  acquitted  myself  in  specifying  the  same 
to  yourselves.  Not  that ).  tlesire  to  be  in  any  action 
although  willing  to  serve  my  King  and  country,  and 
may  pass  under  the  censure  of  scandalous  tongues 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


175 


in  the  last  expedition,  which  I  hope  they  will  amend 
on  the  first  opportunity  of  service.  I  leave  to  ma- 
ture consideration,  the  loss  of  trade  and  fishery ;  the 
war  brought  to  the  doors.  What  a  triumph  it  will 
be  to  the  enemy ;  derision  to  our  neighbours,  beside 
dishonour  to  God  and  our  nation,  and  grounds  of  ^ 
frown  from  our  Prince;  the  frustration  of  those,  ' 
whoso  eyes  are  upon  you  for  help,  who  might  have 
otherwise  applied  themselves  to  their  King.  Gentle- 
men, this  I  thought  humbly  to  propose  unto  you,  that 
1  might  discharge  myself  in  my  trust  from  yourselves, 
a»d  promise  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  province,  but 
especially  my  duty  to  God,  her  Majesty,  and  my  na- 
tion, praying  for  your  honours  prosperity,  subscribe, 
I  our  servant, 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 

,  A  trun  copy  friven  in  int  Boston,  this  Gth  of  February. 
lf.89.*  at  the  Council  Board. 

Attest.     T.  S."+ 

yUvyx  Church  said,  vaoreover,  that  in  thus  doing 
lie  IvaJ  complied  with, his  pr»nn:'3o  to  ti.ose  poor  pco- 
jilc  of  Casco,  and  should  be  uvil  froni  liio  guilt  of 
ihcjr  blood.  The  Gove:r-tM  v/a?  pleased  to  thank 
lihn  for  his  care  and  03. ns  tal;p.n,  then  taking  his 
leave  of  them  went  bono,  and  left  Captain  Scotta- 
way  in  a  very  sorrowfd  oondilioa,  who  returned 
home  sometime  after  with  only  a  copy  of  what  was 
left  on  the  board  by  the  said  Church.  Major  Church 
not  hearing  any  thing  till  May  following,  and  then 
was  informed,  that  those  poor  people  of  Casco  were 
cut  off  by  the  barhrnous  enemy  ;J  and  although  they 

*It  should  be  1690,  or  1689-90.    See  note  1,  on  p.iire  147. 

t  For  whose  name  tl)eso  initials  stand  I  have  not  satisfiietoiily 
•    aHrdained. 

I  In  May,  1690.  Some  forces  had  just  Jcfl  Caaco,  and 
joined  Sir  Win.  Piiips  to  go  against  Portroyal,  when  an  army 
of  four  hundred,  or  more,  Freiieh  .nnd  Indians  were  discover- 
«id  about  tlie  place.     "  There  was  a  fo>-*  '  -ar  tliu  water,  and 


i 


17G 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


made  their  terms  with  Monsieur  Castoen,  who  wiu 
commander  of  those  enemies,  yet  he  lutfored  those 
merciless  savages  to  massacre  and  destroy  the  most 
of  them. 

To  conclude  this  first  expedition  East,  I  shall  just 
give  you  a  hint  how  Major  Church  was  treated,  a1. 
though  he  was  commander  in  chief  of  all  the  forces 
out  of  Plymouth  and  Boston  government.  After  he 
came  home,  Plymouth  gentlemen  paid  him  but /orfy- 
twopounda,  telling  him,  he  must  go  to  Boston  gen- 
tlemen for  the  rest,  who  were  his  ei)iployors  as  well 
as  they.  Of  whom  he  never  had  one  penny,  for  all 
travel  and  expenses  in  raising  volunteers,  and  ser- 
vices done ;  except  forty  ahillinga  or  thereabout, 
for  going  from  Boston  to  Rhodeislijind  on  their  busi- 
ness, and  back  to  Boston  again ;  also  for  sending  a 
man  to  Providence  for  Captain  Edmunds,*  who 
raised  a  company  in  those  parts,  and  went  east  with 
them. 

another  on  tlie  hill,  near  where  the  buryinf;  Erounti  in,  and 
another  on  the  rocky  gronml,  south  from  the  place  where  tho 
fifHt  meeting  house  stands,"  in  what  was  the  town  of  Fal- 
mouth. That  near  the  burying  ground  was  abandoned  as 
untenable,  and  both  of  the  others  after  some  time  were  car- 
ried by  assault.  One  hundred  persons  now  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy.  7'lie  French  commander  promised  the 
garrisons  safety  to  their  persons,  and  liberty  to  go  to  the  next 
English  town,  but  he  kept  his  promise  no  (oncer  than  while 
he  was  in  possession.  The  wnolc  country  hereabout  was 
laid  desolate,  and  presented  a  most  dreadful  rcene  of  ruin. 
The  ground  was  strewed  with  the  bones  of  the  dead,  which 
Church,  on  his  arrival  afterward,  gathered  up  and  buried. 
Hist.  Maine,  303.     Magnalia,  II,  524. 

*  The  same  who  is  mentioned  in  Philip's  war,  59.  I  learn 
nothing  of  his  eastern  expedition. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


177 


THE    SECOND    EXPEDITION   EAST. 

Iv  the  yenr  IfiOO  was  the  expedition*  to  Cana- 
da,f  and  Major  Wallcy  J  often  requested  Major  Church 

*  Canada  had  long  been  considered  the  Hource  of  all  the 
evils  endured  by  the  colonies.  Hence  the  long  train  of  wars 
at  tho  expense  of  bo  much  blood  and  treasure  to  "  drive  the 
French  out  of  Canada."  Sir  William  Phij)s  was  the  chief 
mover  and  executor  of  this  expedition.  His  floet,  retarded 
by  unavoidable  accidents,  did  not  arrive  before  Quebeck  un- 
til the  5  October.  The  next  morning,  he  sent  a  summons 
on  shore,  but  received  an  insolent  ans^wer  from  the  Govern- 
our.  The  next  day,  he  attempted  to  land  his  troops,  but  was 
prevented  by  the  violence  of  the  wind.  On  the  8,  all  the 
effective  men  (12  or  1800)  landed  on  the  island  of  Orleans, 
4  miles  below  the  town,  and  were  fired  on,  from  the  woods, 
by  the  French  and  Indians.  Having  remained  on  shore  un- 
til the  II,  and  then  learning  by  a  deserter,  the  strength  of 
the  place,  they  embarked  with  precipitation.  In  their  way 
to  Boston,  the  fleet  was  dispersed  in  a  tempest.  Some  of  the 
vessels  were  blown  off  to  the  West  Indies,  one  was  lost  on  an 
island  near  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  two  or  three 
were  never  heard  of.  Holmes,  I,  478,  479..  No  i)rovisions 
at  home  had  been  made  to  pay  the  forces,  relying  on  plun- 
der ;  bills  of  credit,  therefore,  were  resorted  to,  which  were 
the  first  ever  used  in  this  country.     Hutchinson,  I,  356,  357. 

tThe  derivation  of  the  word  Canada,  being  so  curious  it 
was  thought  that  it  would  be  ;)ardonable  to  give  it  a  place  in 
this  work.  Mr.  Bozman,  in  his  excellent  "  Introduction  to 
a  History  of  Maryland,"  84,  says  that  it  is  ,i  traditional  re- 
port, that  previous  to  the  visiting  of  Newfoundlaml  by  Car- 
tier,  in  1534,  some  Spaniards  visited  that  coast  in  search  of 
gold,  but  its  appearance  discouraged  them,  and  they  quittcil 
It  in  haste  crying  out  as  ihey  went  on  beard  their  vessel, 
"  ^ca  nada,  Jica  nada,"  that  is,  in  English,  "  There  is  noth- 
ing here."  The  Indians  retained  these  words  in  their  memo- 
ries, and  afterward,  when  the  French  came  to  *he  country, 
they  were  saluted  with  the  same  words,  and  mistook  them 
for  the  name  of  the  country.  And  in  time  the  first  letter  was 
lost,  hence  the  name  Canada.  Something  amounting  to 
nearly  the  same  thing  may  be  seen  in  Mather's  Magnalia, 
II,  522. 

J  John  Walley,  who  had  the  command  of  the  land  forces, 
under  Sir  Willian  Phips,  against  Canada.  An  entire  jour- 
oal,  kept  by  Walley,  of  that  expedition,  is  preserved  in 

H         12 


-  v'.^f^r  ;■  ■;■;»,'.■-■      ':    ■•■    ■^'^■-''  '■' 


IT' 


i  ill. 


i 


178 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


that  if  he  would  not  go  himself  in  that  expedition, 
that  he  would  not  hinder  others.  He  answered  tlie 
said  Walley,  that  he  should  hinder,  none  but  his  old 
soldiers,  that  used  to  go  along  with  him,  &c. 

The  said  Church  going  down  to  Charlestown,  to 
take  his  leave  of  some  of  his  relations  and  friends, 
who  were  going  into  that  expedition,  promised  his 
wife  and  family  not  to  go  into  Boston,  the  small  pox* 
being  very  rife  there.  Coming  to  Charlestown,  seve- 
ral of  his  friends  in  Boston  came  over  to  see  him. 
And  the  next  day  after  the  said  Churoli  came  there. 
Major  Walley  came  to  him,  and  informed  him  that 
the  Governour  and  council  wanted  to  speak  with 
liim.  He  answered  him,  that  he  had  promised  his 
wife   and   family   not  to  go   into   Boston ;  saying, 

Ethat]  if  they  had  any  business,  they  could  write  to 
im,  and  that  he  would  send  them  his  answer. 
Soon  after  came  over  two  other  gentlemen  with  a 
message,  that  the  Governour  and  council  wanted  to 
have  some  discourse  with  him.  The  answer  return- 
ed, was,  that  he  intended  to  lodge  that  night  at  tlie 
Greyhound,  in  Roxbury,  and  tljat  in  the  morning, 
would  come  to  Pollard'sf  at  the  south  end  of  Bosj- 
ton,  which  accordingly  he  did.     Soon  after  he  came 

Hutchinson,  Ap.  I,  470.  He  was  judge  of  the  superiour  court 
of  Massachusetts,  and  a  member  of  the  council.  The  church 
of  Bristol  is  indebted  to  him  as  one  of  its  principal  founders 
He  is  represented,  as  possessing  sweetness  of  spirit,  wisdom 
in  council,  and  impartiality  as  a  Judge.  He  died  11  Janua- 
ry, 1712,  aged  68  years. 

•  I  find  no  mention  of  the  Small  Pox  at  this  time  in  Boston 
by  any  author  that  I  have  consulted  ;  but  in  the  History  of 
Dorchester  it  is  noted,  page  24,  "  that  from  the  first  of  April, 
1690,  unto  the  first  of  July,  1691,  there  died  in  Dorchester 
67  persons  ;  33  of  them  ol  the  smallpox,  the  rest  of  a  fever." 
Hence  from  its  near  vicinity  to  Boston,  no  doubt  it  was  very 
prevalent  there.  [Having  since  seen  in  Mr.  Snow's  Histo« 
ry  of  Boston,  that  it  did  prevail  there  as  mentioned  in  the 
text.] 

t  A  puhlick  house,  under  this  name,  is  yet  known  in  Bos- 
ton, at  the  golden  ball,  Elm  street. 


Bos- 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


179 


Lhither,  rceived  a  letter  from  the  honourable  Cap- 
tain Sewall,*  to  request  him  to  come  to  the  council. 
The  answer  [that]  he  returned  by  the  bearer  was, 
that  he  thought  there  was  no  need  of  his  hazarding 
himself  so  much  as  to  come  and  speak  with  them ; 
not  that  he  was  afraid  of  his  life,  but  because  he  had 
no  mind  to  be  concerned  ;  and  further  by  reason 
[that]  they  would  not  hearken  to  him  about  the  poor 
people  of  Casco.  But  immediately  came  Mr.  -Max- 
fieldf  to  him,  saying,  that  the  council  bid  him  tell 
the  said  Church,  that  if  he  would  take  his  horse  and 
ride  along  the  middle  of  the  street,  there  might  be 
no  danger.  They  were  then  sitting  in  council. 
He  bid  [him]^  go  and  tell  his  masters  not  to  trouble 
themselves  whether  h*"  came  upon  his  head  or  his 
feet,  he  was  coming.  However,  thinking  the  re- 
turn was  something  rude,  called  him  back  to  drink 
a  glass  of  wine,  and  then  he  would  go  with  him. 

So  coming  to  the  council,  they  were  very  thank- 
ful to  him  for  his  coming,  and  told  him,  that  the  oc- 
casion of  their  sending  for  him  was,  that  there  was 
a  captive  come  in,  who  gave  them  an  account,  that 
the  Indians  were  come  down,  and  had  taken  posses- 
sion of  the  stone  fort  at  Pejepscot,J  so  that  they 

1  [them] 

*  Stephen  Sewall,  I  conclude  this  must  be,  who  was  com- 
mander of  the  fort  at  Salem.  He  was  a  brother  of  Judge  Se- 
wall, and  sustained  several  important  offices.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Mitchel  of  Cambridge,  wao  had  17 
children.  He  died  about  the  21  October,  1725,  greatly  re- 
spected and  lamented.     Eliot,  N.  E.  Kiog.  420. 

1 1  learn  nothing  of  this  person.  T!ie  name  i,-.  common  in 
Newhampshire. 

X  A  fall  of  water  in  the  Androscoggin.  What  the  true  or- 
thography of  this  word  is,  is  unknown  to  me.  Sullivan  ends 
it  with  a  double,  t,  and  again  alters  to  Pegypscott.  Mather 
has  it  Pechypscot.  Some  authors  write  u  instead  of  o  in  the 
termination.  Thus  the  different  ways  are  brought  under 
the  view  of  the  reader,  that  he  may  employ  which  he  chooses. 
The  stone  fort  was  near  the  falls  on  the  i.orth  side  of  the  ri- 


^ 


T1>V. 


1 80 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


i'll 


wanted  his  advice  and  thoughts  about  the  matter 
whether  they  would  tarry  and  keep  in  the  fort  or 
not  9  and  whether  it  were  not  expedient  to  send 
some  forces  to  do  some  spoil  upon  them  9  and  fur- 
ther to  know  whether  he  could  not  be  prevailed 
with  to  raise  some  volunteers,  and  go,  to  do  some 
spoil  upon  them  *?  He  answered  them,  [that]  he  was 
unwilling  to  be  concerned  any  more  ;  it  being  very 
difficult  and  chargeable  to  raise  volunteers,  as  he 
found  by  experience  in  the  last  expedition. 

But  they  using  many  arguments  prevailed  so  far 
with  him,  that  if  the  government  of  Plymouth  saw 
cause  to  send  him,  he  would  go ;  thinking  the  expe- 
dition would  be  short.  [He  then]  took  his  leave  of 
them  and  went  home. 

In  a  short  time  after,  there  came  an  express  from 
Governour  Hinkley,  to  request  Major  Church  to 
come  to  Barnstable  to  him,  he  having  received 
a  letter  from  the  government  of  Boston  to  raise 
some  forces  to  go  east.  Whereupon  the  said  Major 
Church  went  the  next  day  to  Barnstable,  as  ordered. 
Finding  the  Governour  and  some  of  the  council  of 
war  there,  [who]  discoursed  [with]  him ;  [conclud- 
ed]' that  he  should  take  his  Indian  soldiers,  and  two 
English  Captains,  with  what  volunteers  could  be 
raised ;  and  that  one  Captain  should  go  out  of  Ply- 
mouth and  Barnstable  counties,  and  the  other  out  of 
Bristol  county,  with  what  forces  he  could  raise  ; 
concluding  to  have  but  few  officers,  to  save  charge. 

The  said  Church  was  at  great  charge  and  expense 
in  raising  of  forces.  Governour  Hinkley  promised 
that  he  would  take  care  to  provide  vessels  to  tran- 
sport the  said  army,  with  ammunition  and  provisions, 
by  the  time  prefixed  by  himself;  for  the  govern- 
ment of  Boston  had  obliged  themselves  by  their  let- 
1  [concluding] 

ver,  and  was  taken  in  the  spring  of  this  year,  (1690)  afler  the 
English  had  left  it,  (probably.)  It  was  4  miles  from  the  wa- 
ters of  Casco  bay.     Sullivan,  178,  9. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


181 


ter,  to  provide  any  thing  that  was  wanting.  So  at 
the  time  prefixed,  Major  Church  marched  down  all 
his  soldiers  out  of  Biistol  county  to  Plymouth,  as  or- 
dered. And  being  come,  found  it  not  as  he  expect- 
ed ;  for  there  were  neither  provisions,  ammunition, 
or  transports.  So  he  immediately  sent  an  express 
to  the  Governour,  who  was  at  Barnstable,  to  give 
him  an  account  that  he  with  the  men  were  come  to 
Plymouth,  and  found  nothing  ready.  In  his  return 
to  the  said  Church,  [he]  gave  him  an  account  of  his 
disappointments,  and  sent  John  Lathrop*  of  Barnsta- 
ble in  a  vessel,  with  some  ammunition  and  provi- 
sion on  board,  to  him  at  Plymouth ;  also  sent  him 
word  that  there  were  more  on  board  of  Samuel  Al- 
lingf  of  Barnstable,  who  was  to  go  for  a  transport, 
and  that  he  himself  would  be  at  Plymouth  next  day. 
But  Ailing  never  came  near  him,  but  went  to  Bil- 
lingsgate,! at  Cape  Cod,  as  he  was  informed. 

The  Governour  being  come,  said  to  Major  Church, 
that  he  must  take  some  of  ..ne  open  sloops,  and  make 
spar  decks  to  them,  and  lay  platforms  for  the  soldiers 
to  lie  upon,  which  delays  were  very  expensive  to  the 
said  Church  ;  his  soldiers  being  all  volunteers,  daily 
expected  to  be  treated  by  him,  and  the  Indians  al- 
ways begging  for  money  to  get  drink.  But  he  using 
his  utmost  diligence,  made  what  despatch  he  could 
to  be  gone.     Being  ready  to  embark,  received  his 

•  Probably,  the  ancestor  of  some  eminent  men  of  later 
times  in  Massachusetts.  He  perhaps  was  the  son  of  John 
Lathrop,  who  fled  from  England  in  the  days  of  persecution, 
and  afterward  settled  in  Barnstable.  The  first  John  died  in 
165S." 

t  It  is  thought  that  this  name  should  have  been  written 
Allen.  No  pains  have  been  taken  to  ascertain  any  thing 
concerning  this  person,  but  if  what  Dr.  Mather  says  be  cor- 
rect, he  is  a  descendant  of  one  Thomas  Allen,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1638,  and  was  afttrward  a  minister  io 
Charlestown.     Eliot,  20. 

t  In  the  town  of  Eastham. 


% 

-  i 

ill 


I  ! 


t  :, 


Ibi 


FKENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


commission,  and  instructions  from  Governour  Hink- 
ley,  which  are  as  follows. 

[The  commission  being  the  same  as  that  for  the  first  expedi- 
tion is  here  omitted.  It  was  dated  2  September,  1699. 
The  instructions,  also,  differing  only  in  a  few  unimpor- 
tant matters,  are  omitted  to  give  place  to  more  interest- 
ing information.  It  may  be  proper  to  notice  the  chief  dif- 
ferences. No  men  of  war  vessels  attendeil,  nor  was  Church 
directed  to  confer  with  any  persons  except  his  officers.  The 
eight  pounds  per  head  over  and  above  is  not  mentioned,  and 
are  signed  only  by  Governour  Hinklcy.  Date,  the  same  as 
that  of  the  commission.] 

Now  having  a  fair  wind,  Major  Cliurch  soon  got 
to  Piscataqua.*     [He^'  was  to  apply  himself  to  Ma- 

J'or  Pike,f  a  worthy  gentleman,  who  said,  [that]  he 
lad  advice  of  his  coming  from  Boston  gentlemen; 
also,  [that]  he  had  received  directions,  that  what 
men  the  said  Church  should  want,  must  bo  raised  out 
of  Hampshire,  out  of  the  several  towns  and  garrisons. 
Major  Pike  asked  him,  how  many  men  he  should 
want?  He  said,  enough  to  make  up  his  forces  that 
he  brought  with  him,  three  hundred,  at  least,  and 
not  more  than  three  hundred  and  fifty.  And  so  in 
about  nine  days  time,  he  was  supplied  with  two  com- 
panies of  soldiers.  He  having  been  at  about  twenty 
shillings  a  day  charge  in  expenses  while  there.    Now 

1  [who] 

•  The  country  at  the  mouth  of  Pascataqua  river  went  un- 
der the  genera!  name  of  Pascataqua,  but  since,  the  river  only, 
is  known  by  that  name.  The  word  was  formerly,  and  some- 
times latterly,  spelt  as  in  the  text,  but  an  a  should  take  the 
place  of  I.  . 

t  Major  Robert  Pike  was  a  person  of  distinction.  He  was 
among  the  lirst  28  counsellors  api)ointed  by  charter,  for  the 
province  of  Massachusetts  bay,  who  were  to  hold  their  offices 
until  Mav  1693,  or  until  others  should  be  chosen  in  their 
stead.  He  might  be  the  ancestor  of  the  distinguished  Nicho- 
las Pike  of  Somersworth,  to  whom  we  are  much  indebted  for 
the  best  system  of  Anthmetick  that  has  appeared.  An  ac- 
count might  perhaps  be  found  of  the  family  in  Newhamp- 
ahire,  for  which  1  have  not  had  an  opportunity. 


FRENCH  AND    N5DIAN  WARS. 


183 


ho  received  Major  Fiko's  instructions,  which  are  as 
followeth. 

"  Portsmouth,  in  JVewhampshire,  Sept.  9,  1G90. 

To  Major  Benjamin  Church,  Commander  in  Chief 
of  tlieir  Majesties^  forces,  now  designed  upon  the 
present  expedition  eastward,  and  now  resident  at 
Portsmouth. 

The  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts 
colony  reposing  great  trust  and  confidence  in  your 
loyalty  and  valour,  from  experience  of  your  former 
actions,  and  of  God's  presence  with  you  in  the  same; 
in  pursuance  of  an  order,  received  from  them  com- 
manding it;  these  are  in  their  Majesties'  names  to 
empower  and  require  you,  as  commander  in  chief,  to 
take  into  your  care  and  conduct  these  forces  now 
here  present  at  their  rendezvous  at  Portsmouth ;  and 
they  are  alike  required  to  obey  you ;  and  with  them 
to  sail  eastward  by  the  first  opportunity  to  Casco,  or 

f>laces  adjacent,  that  may  be  most  comniodious  for 
anding  with  safety  and  secrecy;  and  to  visit  the 
French  and  Indians  at  their  headquarters  at  Ameras- 
cogen,  Pejepscot,  or  any  other  place,  according  as 
you  may  have  hope  or  intelligence  of  the  residence 
of  the  enemy ;  using  always  your  utmost  endeavour 
for  the  preservation  of  your  own  men,  and  the  kill- 
ing, destroying,  and  utterly  rooting  out  of  the  enemy, 
wheresoever  they  may  be  found ;  and  also,  as  much 
as  may  possibly  be  done,  for  the  redeeming  or  re- 
covering of  our  captives  in  any  places. 

You  being  there  arrived,  and  understanding  your 
way,  to  take  your  journey  back  again,  either  by  land 
or  water,  as  you  shall  judge  most  convenient  for  the 
accomplishing  of  the  end  intended  ;  and  to  give  in- 
telligence always  of  your  motions,  whensoever  you 
can  with  safety  and  convenience. 

Lastly.  In  all  to  consult  your  council,  the  com- 
nuanders  or  commission  officers  of  your  several  com- 


M  I 


ilil 


.^i' 


184 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


panies,  when  it  may  be  obtained,  the  greater  part  of 
whom  to  determine.  And  so  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the 
God  of  armies,  go  along  with  you,  and  be  your  con- 
duct. Given  under  my  hand,  the  day  and  year  above 
said, 

Per  ROBERT  PIKE." 

Being  ready,  they  took  the  first  opportunity,  and 
made  the  best  of  their  way  to  Pejepscot  fort,  where 
they  found  nothing.  From  thence  they  marched  to 
Amcrascogen,*  and  when  they  came  near  the  fort. 
Major  Church  made  a  halt,  ordering  the  Captains  to 
draw  out  of  their  several  companies  sixty  of  their 
meanest  men,  to  be  a  guard  to  the  Doctor,  and  knap- 
sacks, being  not  a  mile  from  said  fort.  And  then 
moving  towards  the  fort,  they  saw  young  Doneyf  and 
his  wife,  with  two  English  captives.  The  said  Doney 
made  his  escape  to  the  fort,  his  wife  was  shot  down, 
and  so  the  two  poor  captives  were  released  out  of 
their  bondage. 

The  said  Major  Church  and  Captain  Walton|  made 

I • — ———■■■         — ...        » '  — 

•  This  river  has  its  rise  in  Newhampshire  and  flowing  east- 
ward enters  Maine  in  about  44  d.  20  min.  N.  Mather,  says 
this  place  where  they  had  now  arrived  at,  was  40  miles  up 
the  river.  Mag.  528.  Perhaps  few  words  have  been  writ- 
ten more  different  ways,  than  this.  The  authors  of  the 
Newhampshire  Gazetteer  prefer  that  as  in  the  text,  ex- 
cept, that  they  double  the  g-  and  change  the  last  e  into  ». 
But  people  in  general,  that  live  on  said  river,  adopt  the  better 
method  of  Androscoggin. 

t  He  was  an  Indian,  and  all  we  know  of  him  is  found  in  this 
history  ;  except  he  be  the  one  seized  at  Wells,  mentioned  by 
Mather,  11,  545,  and  whose  name  is  signed  Robin  Doney  to 
the  articles  of  peace  at  Pemmaquid  in  1693.     lb.  543. 

X  Col.  Shadrach  Walton  of  Somcrsworth  N.  H  A  bravo 
and  valuable  officer.  In  the  long  wars  that  followed,  he 
rendered  important  services.  To  recount  his  actions  would 
be  to  write  a  narrative,  much  beyond  the  limits  of  a  note. 
More  particulars  of  him  may  be  found  in  Penhallow's  history, 
in  I  Newhampshire  Hist.  Soc.  Collections,  than  in  any  oth- 
er work  extant.  He  was  with  Col.  March,  in  17.7,  in  an 
unsuccessful  attempt  on  Porti  yal.     Here  he  fought  a  body 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


188 


no  stop,  making  the  best  of  their  way  to  the  fort 
with  some  of  the  army,  in  hopes  of  getting  to  the 
fort  before  young  Doney ;  but  the  river  through 
which  they  must  pass,  being  as  deep  as  their  arm- 
pits. However  Major  Church  as  soon  as  he  was  got 
over,  stripped  to  his  shirt  and  jacket,  leaving  his 
breeches  behind,  ran  directly  to  the  fort,  haviag  an 
eye  to  see  if  young  Doney  (who  ran  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river,)  should  get  there  before  him.  The 
wind  now  blowing  very  hard  in  their  faces,  as  they 
ran,  was  some  help  to  them  ;  for  several  of  our  men 
fired  guns,  which  they  in  the  fort  did  not  hear,  so 
that  we  had  taken  all  in  the  fort,  had  it  not  been  fur 
young  Doney,  who  got  to  the  fort  just  before  we  did. 
[He]*  ran  into  the  south  gate,  and  out  at  the  north, 
all  the  men  following  him,  except  one.  [Theyj^  all 
ran  directly  down  to  the  great  river  and  falls. 

The  said  Church  and  his  forces  being  com';  pretty 
near,  he  ordered  the  said  Walton  to  run  directly  with 
some  forces  inio  the  fort,  and  himself  with  the  rest, 
ran  down  to  the  river,  after  the  enemy,  who  ran  some 
of  them  into  the  river,  and  the  rest  under  tiie  great 
falls.  Those  who  ran  into  the  river  were  killed  ;  for 
he  saw  but  one  man  get  over,  and  he  only  crept  up 
the  bank,  ijid  there  lay  in  open  sight.  And  those 
that  ran  under  the  falls,  they  made  no  discovery  of, 
notwithstanding  several  of  his  men  went  in  under  the 
said  falls,  and  were  gone  some  considerable  time, 
[but]  could  not  find  them.  So  leaving  a  watch  there, 
returned  up  to  the  fort,  where  he  found  bu^t  one  man 
1  [who]  2  [who] 

of  the  enemy  and  put  them  to  flight,  being  the  onlj;  field  offi- 
cer then  on  shore.  Again  in  1710,  he  rendered  important 
service  at  the  same  place,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  arma- 
.  ment  under  Col.  Nicholson.  In  a  note  to  page  119,  in  Pen- 
hallow's  history  it  is  remarked  that  "  He  was  dismissed  from 
service"  (in  1725)  "and  was  succeeded  by  Col.  Thomas 
Westbrook."  But  on  what  account  hn  was  dismis^d.  wheth« 
er  from  age  or  misconduct  is  unknown  to  me.  He  ia  men- 
tioned no  more  in  Fe.ihallow's  historf . 


H 

I  !| 
I  '1 


r 


186 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


II 


taken,  and  several  women  and  ciiildrcn;  ainongsl 
whom  were  Captain  Ilakins'*  wife  and  VVorumbos'f 
wife,  the  sachem  of  that  fort,  with  their  children.  The 
said  Ilakins  was  sachem  of  Pennacook,J   who  de- 

•  Hawkins  or  HogUins.  This  sachem  hail  been  treated 
with  neglect  by  Governour  Cranfield,  which  in  part  may  ac- 
count for  his  enmity  to  the  English.  He  made  a  treaty  with 
them  in  1685,  which  perhaps,  was  broken  more  through  the  ne- 
gligence of  the  English  than  the  wish  of  Hogkins.  He  ap|)ear9 
to  have  learned  so  much  of  the  English  language  as  to  pre- 
tend to  write  and  read.  Four  letters  from  under  his  hand 
are  preserved  in  Belknap,  I,  Appendix,  No.  XLII,  &.c.  One 
of  which,  as  a  curiosity,  is  her*?  printed. 

'*May  15,  1685. 

Honour  Mr.  Governor, 

Now  this  day  I  com  your  house,  I  want  se  you,  and  I 
bring  my  hand  at  before  you  I  want  shake  hand  to  you  if  your 
worship  when  please  then  you  receve  my  hand  then  shake 
your  hand  and  my  hand.  You  my  friend  because  I  remem- 
ber at  old  time  when  live  my  grant  father  and  grant  mother 
then  Englishmen  com  this  country,  then  my  grant  father  and 
Englishmen  they  make  a  good  govenant,  Ihey  friend  allways, 
my  grant  father  leving  at  place  called  Malamake  rever,  oth- 
er name  cjief  Natukkog  and  Panukkog,  that  one  rever  great 
many  names,  and  I  bring  you  this  few  skins  at  this  first  time 
I'will  give  you  my  friend.    This  all  Indian  hand. 

JOHN    X  HAWKINS,  Sagamore." 

This  letter  is  the  best  written  of  the  four,  and  are  all  very 
similar.  I  copy  it  precisely  as  I  find  it  in  Belknap.  Two  of 
the  others  are  signed  John  Hogkins,  and  one,  Mr.  John 
Hogkins,  the  last  has  no  date,  and  one  is  dated  16  May,  and 
the  other  two  the  15,  both  having  14  signers  beside  Hogkins, 
who,  it  is  probable,  were  his  principal  men.  The  name  of 
Hogkins  or  rather  Hawkins  he  received  from  some  Englii-h- 
man.  His  Indian  name  was  Hancamagus.  See  N.  H.  Hist. 
Soc.  Col.  I,  221. 

t  A  sachem  of  the  Androscoggins.  He  was  with  Madoka- 
wando  in  the  celebrated  attack  on  Storer's  garrison  at  Wells, 
an  account  of  which  may  be  seen  in  a  succeeding  note. 

t  The  country  on  the  Merrimake  river,  including  the  pre- 
sent town  of  Concord,  and  the  lands  above  and  below,  but 
how  far,  cannot  be  told  ;  as  those  people  never  set  any  par- 
ticular bounds  to  their  country,  that  we  know  of.  See  Far- 
mer's account  of  the  Pennacook  Ihdians,  in  N.  H.  Hist.  Soc. 
Col  I,  218.     The  word  should  be  spelt  as  in  the  text,  but 


1 1"  1 1 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


1S7 


Rtroycd  Major  Waldcn  and  his  family,  some  time 
before,  &c. 

The  said  two  women,  viz.  Hakins'  and  Wonimbos' 
wives  requested  the  said  Church,  that  he  would  spare 
them  and  their  children's  lives ;  promising  upon  that 
condition,  [that]  he  should  have  all  the  captives  that 
were  taken,  and  in  the  Indians'  hands.  He  asked 
thorn  how  many"?  They  said,  about  four  score.  So, 
upon  that  condition,  he  promised  them  their  lives, 
&c.  In  the  said  fort  there  were  several  English  cap- 
tives, who  were  in  a  miserable  condition.  Amongst 
them  was  Captain  Hucking's*  wife,  of  Oyster  rivcr.f 

Major  Church  proceeded  to  examine  the  man, 
taken,  who  gave  him  an  account,  that  most  of  the 
fighting  men  were  gone  to  Winterharbour,J  to  pro- 
vide provisions  for  the  bay  of  Fundy§  Indians,  wiio 

the  author  just  cited,  leaves  out  one  n.  Sullivan  writes  Pen- 
nycook.  fielknap,  whom  many,  justly  in  most  respects,  fol- 
low, writes  it  as  in  the  text,  with  the  omission  of  one  n,  as 
does  Mather,  whom  he  follows. 

•  Hucking's  garrison  was  taken,  about  the  last  of  August, 
1639,  in  which  were  a  few  women  and  boys.  The  Indians 
had  been  in  ambush  for  a  number  of  days,  until  they  had  as- 
certained how  many  men  belonged  to  the  garrison,  then  as 
they  all  went  out  into  the  field  one  day,  the  Indians  cut  otf 
their  retreat,  and  killed  them  all  excepting  one,  who  escap- 
ed, being  18  in  all.  They  then  went  to  the  garrison  and  de- 
manded a  surrender,  but  the  boys  at  first  refused,  and  some 
fighting  was  done  ;  at  length  they  surrendered  on  terms  of 
life,  &c.  The  assailants  found  means  to  lire  the  garrison, 
which  hastened  the  surrender.  Mather,  Mag.  II,  515.  This 
woman  is  supposed  to  be  the  wife  of  the  owner  of  the  gar- 
rison. 

t  Now  Durham.  The  country  thereabout,  was  formerly 
known  by  this  name. 

f  At  the  mouth  of  Saco  river  in  Maine. 

,§  A  large  bay,  sometimes  called  Frenchman's  bay,  contain 
ing  the  island  Mountdesert,  8  or  10  miles  to  the  eastward  of 
the  mouth  of  Penobscot  river.  Sullivan,  57,  informs  us,  that 
it  took  the  name  of  Frenchman's  bay,  from  this  circumstance. 
That  with  Demotte  came  over  to  America  one  Nicholas 
D'Aubri,  a  French  ecclesiastic  of  respectability,  who  went 
3n  shore  on  the  west  side  of  the  bay,  and  wandering  into  the 


u 


1 

1 

1 

EW 

=M 

Hm 

i 

m 

i  ll 


1 


h. 


188 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


were  to  come  and  join  with  them  to  fight  the  English. 
The  soldiers  being  very  rude,  would  hardly  spore  the 
Indian's  life,  while  in  examination ;  intending  when 
he  had  done,  that  he  should  be  executed.  But  Cap- 
tain Hucking's  wife,  and  another  woman,  down  on 
their  knees,  and  begged  for  him,  saying,  that  he  had 
been  a  means  to  save  their  lives,  and  a  great  many 
more ;  and  had  helped  several  to  opportunities  to 
run  away,  and  make  their  escape ;  and  that  never, 
since  he  came  amongst  them,  had  fought  against  the 
English,  but  being  related  to  Hakins'  wife,  kept  at 
the  fort  with  them,  having  been  there  two  years ;  but 
his  living  was  to  th(>  westward  of  Boston.  So,  upon 
their  request,  his  life  was  spared,  &c. 

Next  day  the  said  Church  ordered  that  all  their 
corn  should  be  destroyed,  being  a  great  quantity  ; 
saving  a  little  for  the  two  old  squaws,  which  he  de- 
signed to  leave  at  the  fort,  to  give  an  account  who 
he  was,  and  from  whence  he  came.  The  rest  being 
knocJied  on  the  head,  except  the  aforementioned, 
for  an  example ;  ordering  them  all  to  be  buried. 
Having  inquired  where  all  their  best  beaver  was  *? 
they  said  [that]  it  was  carried  away  to  make  a  pre- 
sent to  the  bay  of  Fundy  Indians,  who  were  coming 
to  their  assistance. 

Now  being  ready  to  draw  off  from  thence,  he 
called  the  two  old  squaws  to  him,  and  gave  each  of 
them  a  kettle,  and  some  biscuit,  bidding  them  to  tell 
the  Indians,  when  they  came  home,  that  he  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Captain  Church,  and  lived  in 
the  Vvesterly  part  of  Plymouth  government ;  and  that 
those  Indians  that  came  with  him  were  formerly 
King  Philip's  men,  and  that  he  had  met  with  them 
in  Philip's  war,  and  drawn  them  off  from  him,  to 

woods  in  search  of  curiosities,  was  left  by  the  boat  to  his  fate. 
After  thtee  weeks  he  was  found  by  a  boat  from  the  same  ves- 
sel, aimoft  emaciated.  From  which  circumstance  it  receiv' 
ed  the  above  appellation.  Bat  the  waters  between  Nova- 
Bcotia  and  the  main  are  generally  understood  to  make  the 
bay  of  Fundy. 


iriii' 


,  he                1 

1 

1  of                   1 

■ 

,tell 

I 

was 

m 

id  in                 i  ■ 

that 

iB 

™erly 

M 

them 

M 

m,  to 

M 

yRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


18'J 


fight  for  the  English,  against  the  said  Phihp,  and  his 
associates,  who  then  promised  him  to  fight  for  the 
English,  as  long  as  they  had  one  enemy  left.  And 
said,  that  •  they  did  not  qyestion,  b«it  before  Indian 
corn  was  ripe  to  have  Philip's  head  ;'*  notwithstand- 
ing [PhilipP  had  twice  as  many  men  as  were  in  their 
country  ;  and  that  theyf  had  killed  and  taken  ono 
thousand  three  hundred  and  odd  of  Philip's  men, 
women  and  children,  and  Philip  himself,  with  several 
other  sachems,  &c. ;  and  that  they  should  tell  Ha- 
kins  and  Worumbos,  that  if  they  had  a  mind  to  sec 
their  wives  and  children,  they  should  come  to 
WellsJ  garrison,  and  that  there  they  might  hear  of 
them,  &c. 

Major  Church  having  done,  moved  with  all  his 
forces  down  to  Mequait,§  where  the  transports  were, 
(but  in  the  way  some  of  his  soldiers  threatened  the 
Indian  man  prisoner  very  much,  so  that  in  a  thick 
swamp,  he  gave  them  the  slip  and  got  away)  and 

W 

*  See  Philip's  war,  page  83. 

t  The  English. 

X  Webhannet  was  the  Indian  name  of  Wells.  This  town 
is  on  the  sea  board  about  half  way  between  York  and  Saco, 
being  13  miles  from  the  former.  Storer's  garrison  was  in 
this  town,  which  was  near  where  the  old  meeting  house 
stood,  and  nearly  half  a  mile  south  of  the  present  place  of 
publicic  worship,  and  was  standing  since  the  year  1760,  Sul- 
livan, 236.  The  town  suffered  greatly  by  the  savages. 
About  500  French  and  Indians  made  a  desperate  attempt  on 
the  garrison,  in  May,  1691,  and  though  it  had  but  15  men,  by 
tlie  valour  of  the  commander,  Captain  Converse,  and  this 
fpw,  they  were  repulsed.  A  sloop  happened  to  arrive 
just  before  the  engagement,  which  was  a  help  to  them, 
although  they  fought  on  board  their  vessels.  A  flag  was  sent 
to  Capt.  Converse,  to  persuade  him  to  surrender  ;  at  his  re- 
fusing, the  officer  said,  "  We  w^ill  cut  you  up  as  fine  as  tobac- 
co before  to-morrow  morning."  He  bid  them  "come  on  for 
he  wanted  work."     Magnalia,  II,  532. 

§  A  small  bay  or  cove  in  Casco  bay.  It  is  generally  writ- 
ten Maquoit.  Mather,  and  after  him  Belknap  wrote  Mac- 
quoit. 


190 


FnENCH  AND  INU  AN  WARS. 


wlien  tiicy  all  got  on  board  tliu  truiisports,  tlin  wind 
being  I'uir,  mudu  thu  best  of  tlieir  way  tor  Winter- 
harbour ;  and  tiio  next  morning  before  day,  und  as 
soon  as  the  day  appeared,  tlicy  diHCovered  sumo 
smokes,  rising  towards  Sliamun's^  garrison,  lio 
immediately  sent  away  a  scout  of  sixty  men,  and 
followed  presently  wilii  the  whole  body.  The  scout 
commg  near  a  river  discovered  the  enemy  to  be  on 
the  otlier  side  of  the  river.  Hut  three  of  the  enemy 
were  come  over  the  river,  to  the  same  side,  F — j' 
which  the  scout  was  of,  [but  discovering  the  scout,] 
ran  hastily  down  to  their  cunoe.  One  of  which  lay 
at  each  end,  [-^]''  and  the  third  stood  up  to  paddle 
over.  The  scout  fired  at  them,  and  he  that  paddled, 
fell  down  upon  the  canoe,  and  broke  it  to  pieces,  so 
that  all  three  perished. 

The  firing  put  the  enemy  to  the  run,  who  K  ft 
their  canoes  and  provisions  to  ours.  And  old 
Doney,f  and  one  Thomas  Baker,  an  Englishman, 
who  was  a  prisoner  amongst  them,  were  up  at  the 
falls,J  and  heard  the  guns  fire,  expected  the  other 
Indians  were  come  to  their  assistance,  so  came  down 
the  river  in  a  canoo.  But  when  they  perceived  that 
there  were  Engli  I.  as  well  as  Indians,  old  Doney 
ran  the  canoe  -i shore,  and  ran  over  Baker's  head, 
and  followed  the  rest ;  and  then  Baker  came  to  ours, 
and  gave  an  account  of  the  beaver,  hid  ot  IVjepscot 
plain.§  And  coming  to  the  place  where  the  plunder 
was,  the  Major  sent  a  scout  to  Pejepscot  fort,  to 
sec  if  they  could  make  any  discovery  of  the  enemy's 
tracks,  or  could  discover  any  coming  up  the  river. 
1  [of  the  river]  s  [of  the  canoe] 

•  This  was  on  the  east  side  of  Saco  river,  about  two  mileg 
hehm  the  falls.  Sullivan,  180.  The  name  'ii^uMbe  spelt 
Scammon.     lb. 


t  Father  of  young  Doney. 
§  In  Brunswick. 


t  The  fallf  'oi  the 


J- .—III  ■-» 


sr— s- 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


101 


[They]*  returned,  nnd  snid  fthntl  they  saw  nothing 
but  our  old  tracks  at    he  said  Ion,  iVr. 

Now  having  got  some  [ihinder,  one  of  the  Cap- 
tains* said  [that]  it  was  tiiiu;  to  go  home,  and  sct*'- 
rid  others  were  of  tlio  same  mind.  The  Miijor  be- 
ing much  disturbed  at  this  motion  of  theirs,  expect- 
ing the  enemy  would  come  in  a  very  short  ■  ime, 
where  they  might  have  a  groat  advantage  of  then), 

i^C. 

Notwithstanding  all  ho  coul '  ly,  or  do,  he  was 
obliged  to  call  a  council,  according  to  his  instruc- 
tions, wherein  he  was  outvoted.  The  said  comman- 
der seeing  [that]  he  was  put  by  of  his  intentions, 
profi'ered,  [that]  if  sixty  men  would  stay  witii  him, 
he  would  not  embark  as  yet ;  but  all  he  could  say  or 
do,  could  not  prevail.  Then  they  moved  to  the  ves- 
sels, and  embarked,  and  as  they  were  going  in  the 
vessels,  on  the  back  side  of  Mayr  point,f  they  discov- 
ered eight  or  nine  canoes,  who  turned  short  about, 
and  went  up  the  river ;  being  the  same  Indians  that 
tlie  Major  expected,  and  would  have  waited  for. 
The  aforesaid  Captain  being  much  disturbed  at  what 
the  Major  had  said  to  him,  drew  olf  from  the  fleet, 
nnd  in  the  night  ran  aground. 

In  the  morning  Anthony  Bracket,  having  been 
advised  and  directed  by  the  Indian  that  had  made 
his  escape  from  our  forces,  came  down  near  where 
the  aforesaid  vessel  lay  aground,  and  got  aboard. 
[He]*  has  proved  a  good  pilot  and  Captain  for  his 
country.  The  next  day  being  very  calm  and  misty, 
1  [who]  2  [who] 

•  From  what  follows  we  may  suppose  this  to  be  one  of  the 
Captain-  from  Plymouth  government.  But  as  there  were 
two,  w  cannot  be  positive  winch  was  meant,  and  but  one  is 
named  ;  yet,  another  circumstance  might  induce  us  to  su])- 
pose  a  Xewhampshire  Captain  is  meant,  were  it  not  said  that 
the  Plymouth  forces  sailed  first. 

t  What,  in  Sullivan's  history,  it  is  thought,  is  called  Mer- 
rvfonoaj;;.  It  is  a  jioint  in  the  t-ast  {<art  of  Casco  hav  Rla- 
linr  calls  it  Mans  i)oint,  II,  557.  . 


192 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


I     I 


so  that  they  were  all  day  getting  down  from  Maquail 
to  Perpodack,*  and  the  masters  of  the  vessels  think- 
ing it  not  safe  putting  out  in  the  night,  so  late  in 
the  year,  anchored  there.  [ — ]*  The  vessels  being 
much  crowded,  the  Major  ordered  that  three  compa- 
nies should  go  on  shore,  and  no  more.  Himself 
with  Captain  Conversef  went  with  them  to  order 
their  lodging.  And  finding  just  houses  convenient 
for  them,  viz.,  two  barns  and  one  house ;  [and]" 
seeing  them  all  settled,  and  their  watches  out,  the 
Major  and  Captain  Converse  returned  to  go  on 
board.  And  coming  near  where  the  boat  was,  it 
was  pretty  dark,  they  discovered  some  men,  but  did 
not  know  what  or  who  they  were.  The  Major  or- 
dered those  that  were  with  him,  all  to  clap  down 
and  cock  their  guns,  and  he  called  out,  and  asked 
them  who  they  were  9  And  they  said,  "  Indians." 
He  asked  them  whose  men  they  were '?  They  said, 
"  Captain  Southworth's."  He  asked  them  where 
they  intended  to  lodge  *?  They  said,  "  In  those  lit- 
tle huts  that  the  enemy  had  made  when  they  took 
that  garrison."! 

The  Major  told  them  [that]  they  must  not  make 
any  fires,  for  if  they  did,  the  enemy  would  be  upon 
them  before  day.  They  laughed,  and  said,  "Our 
Major  is  afraid."  Having  given  them  their  direc- 
tions, hc;  with  Captain  Converse,  went  on  board  the 
1  [at  Perpodack]  2  [go] 

*  In  the  town  of  Cape  Elizaheth,  6  or  8  miles  from  Port- 
land.    It  is  also  known  by  the  name  of  Spring  point 

t  Captain  James  Converse.  A  distinguisiied  partizan. 
No  commander  deserved  better  of  their  country  than  he, 
Beside  his  singular  bravery  in  defending  the  garrison  at 
Wells,  mentioned  in  note  S,  on  page  189,  the  history  of  this 
var  a'jounds  with  his  exploits  ;  to  enuraerate  which  would 
far  exceed  the  limits  of  this  note.     See  Magnalia,  II,  529,  &c. 

I  I  can  find  no  account  of  the  Indians  taking  a  garrison 
here  until  after  this.  In  Queen  Ann's  or  Villebon's  war  seve- 
ral  persons  were  killed  and  some  families  carried  into  captivi* 
ty.    Sullivan,  195, 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


193 


IS 


Mary  sloop,  designing  to  write  home,  and  send 
away  in  tiie  morning  the  two  sloops  which  had  the 
small  pox  on  board,  &,c. 

liut  before  day  our  Indians  began  to  make  fires, 
and  to  sing  and  dance.  So  the  Major  called  to 
Captain  Southworth  to  go  ashore  and  look  after  his 
men,  for  the  enemy  would  be  upon  them  by  and  by. 
He  ordered  the  boat  to  be  hauled  up,  to  carry  him 
ashore,  and  called  Captain  Converse  to  go  with  him  ; 
and  just  as  the  day  began  to  appear,  as  the  Major 
was  getting  into  the  boat  to  go  ashore,  the  enemy 
fired  upon  our  men,  (the  Indians)  notwithstanding 
that,  one  Philip,  an  Indian  of  ours,  who  was  out  up- 
on the  watch,  heard  a  man  cough,  and  the  sticks 
crack,  [andj^  gave  the  rest  an  account,  that  he  saw 
Indians,  which  they  would  not  believe ;  but  said  to 
him,  "  You  are  afra'd."  His  answer  was,  that  they 
might  see  them  come  creeping.  They  laugiied  and 
said,  [that]  they  wero  hogs.  "  AIi,"  said  lie,  "  and 
they  will  bite  you  by  and  by."  So  presently  they 
did  fire  upon  our  men.  But  the  morning  being  mis- 
ty, their  guns  did  not  go  off  quick,  so  that  our  men 
had  all  time  to  fall  down  before  their  guns  went  off, 
and  saved  themselves  from  that  volley,  except  one 
man,  who  was  killed. 

This  sudden  firing  upon  our  Indian  soldiers,  sur- 
prised them  [so,]  that  they  left  their  arms,  but  soon 
recovered  them  again,  and  got  down  the  bank, 
which  was  but  low.  The  Major,  with  all  the  forces 
on  board  landed  as  fast  as  they  could,  the  enemy 
firing  smartly  at  them ;  however  all  got  safe  ashore. 
The  enemy  had  a  great  advantage  of  our  forces, 
who  were  between  the  sun's  rising  aiul  tlie  enemy, 
so  that  if  a  man  put  up  his  head  or  hand  they  could 
see  it,  and  would  fire  at  it.  However,  some,  witli 
the  Major,  got  up  the  bank,  behind  stumps  and 
rocks,  to  have  the  advantage  of  firing  at  the  enemy 
But   when    the   sun  was  risen,   the   Major   slipped 

i[wbo] 
I 


■^# 


I 


■ill 


mi 


m 


i!4r 
I!  Si 


a 


^4  I 


l;f 


194 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


down  the  bank  again,  where  all  the  forces  were  or- 
dered to  observe  his  motion,  viz.,  that  he  would 
give  three  shouts,  and  then  all  of  them  should  run 
with  him  up  the  bank. 

So,  when  he  had  given  the  third  shout,  [he]  ran 
up  the  bank,  and  Captain  Converse  with  him,  but 
when  the  said  Converse  perceived  that  the  forces  did 
not  follow,  as  commanded,  called  to  the  Major,  and 
told  him  [that]  the  forces  did  not  follow.  [He,]* 
notwithstanding  the  enemy  fired  smartly  at  him,  got 
safe  down  the  bank  again  ;  and  rallying  the  forces  up 
the  bank,  soon  put  the  enemy  to  flight.  And  fol- 
lowing them  so  close,  that  they  took  thirteen  canoes, 
and  one  lusty  man,  who  had  Joseph  Ramsdel's  scalp 
by  his  side.  [He]'  was  taken  by  two  of  our  Indians, 
and  having  his  deserts,  was  himself  scalped. 

This  being  a  short  and  smart  fight,  some  of  our 
men  were  killed  and  several  wounded.  Sometime 
after,  an  Englishman,  who  was  prisoner  amongst  them, 
gave  an  account,  that  our  forces  had  killed  and 
wounded  several  of  the  enemy,  for  they  killed  seve- 
ral prisoners  according  to  custom,*  &,c. 

After  this  action  was  over,  our  forces  embarked 
for  Piscataqua.  The  Major  went  to  Wells,  and  re- 
moved the  Captain  there,  and  put  in  Captain  Andros, 
who  had  been  with  him ;  and  knew  the  discourse  left 
with  the  two  old  squaws  at  Amerascogen,  for  Hakins 
and  Worumbos  to  come  there  in  fourteen  days,  if 
they  had  a  mind  to  hear  of  their  wives  and  children  ; 
who  did  then,  or  soon  after  come  with  a  flag  of  tnic(; 
to  said  Wells  garrison,  and  had  leave  to  come  in,  and 
more  appearing  came  in,  to  the  number  of  eight, 
''without  any  terms)  being  all  chief  Sachems.  [Theyj'* 
were  very  glad  to  hoar  of  the  women  and  children, 
viz.,  Hakin<  and  Worumbos'  wives  and  children 
[They]''  all  said  three  several  times  that  they  would 
1  [wl.ol        a  [who]        3  [and]        4  [who] 

•  It  WHS  >iai(l  <o  be  a  casto'u  ainonjj;  -nost  of  the  Indian  na- 
tions, to  kill  as  many  prisoners  asth>?y  lust  in  battle. 


FllENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


195 


never  fight  against  the  English  any  more,  for  the 
French  made  fools  of  them,  &-c.  They  saying  as  they 
did,  the  said  Andros  let  them  go. 

Major  Church  being  come  to  Piscataqua,  and  two 
of  his  transports  having  the  small  pox  on  board,  and 
several  of  his  men  having  got  great  colds  by  theii 
hard  service,  pretended  [that]  they  were  going  to 
have  the  s/uall  pox;  thinking  by  that  means  to  be 
sent  home  speedily.  The  Major  being  willing  to  try 
them,  went  to  the  gentlemen  there,  and  desired  them 
to  provide  a  house ;  for  some  of  his  men  expected 
[that]  they  should  have  the  small  pox  ;  which  [they] 
readily  did,  and  told  him,  that  the  people  belonging 
to  it  were  just  recovered  of  the  small  pox,  and  had 
been  all  at  meeting,  &-c. 

The  Major  returning  to  his  officers,  ordered  them 
to  draw  out  all  their  men  that  were  going  to  have  the 
small  pox,  for  he  had  provided  an  hospital  for  them. 
So  they  drew  out  seventeen  men,  that  had  as  they 
said  all  the  symptoms  of  the  small  pox.  He  ordered 
them  all  to  follow  him,  and  coming  to  the  house,  he 
asked  them  how  they  liked  it'?  They  said,  "Very 
well."  Then  he  told  them  that  the  people  in  the 
said  house,  had  all  had  the  small  pox,  and  were  re- 
covered ;  and  that  if  they  went  in,  thoy  must  not 
come  out  till  they  [had]  all  had  it.  Whereupon 
they  all  presently  began  to  grow  better,  and  io  make 
excuses,  except  one  man  who  desired  to  stay  out  till 
night  before  he  went  in,  &,c. 

The  Major  going  to  the  gentlemen,  told  them,  that 
one  thing  more  would  work  a  perfect  cure  upon  his 
men,  which  was  to  let  them  go  home;  which  did 
work  a  cure  upon  all,  exce|)t  one,  and  he  had  not  the 
small  pox.  So  he  ordered  tlie  pluiulor  to  be  divided 
fprthwith,  and  sent  away  all  the  Plymouth  forces. 
But  the  gentlemen  there  desired  him  to  stay,  and 
they  would  be  assisting  to  him  in  raising  new  forces, 
to  the  number  of  what  was  sent  away;  antl  that  they 
would  seiid  to  Boston  for  provisions,  which  they  did 


if 


196 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  ^VARS. 


ii    i 


and  sent  Captain  Plaisted*  to  the  Governoui  and 
council  at  Boston,  &,c. 

And  in  the  mean  time,  the  Major  with  those  gen- 
tlemen went  into  all  those  parts,  and  raised  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  men,  both  officers  and  soldiers. 
[They]*  all  m.et  at  tiie  bankf  on  the  same  day  that 
Captain  Plaisted  returned  from  Boston.  [The]^  re- 
turn from  the  Boston  gentlemen  was,  that  the  Canada 
expedition  had  drained  them  so  that  they  could  do 
no  more.  So  that  Major  Church,  notwithstanding 
he  had  been  at  considerable  expenses  in  raising  said 
forces  to  serve  his  King  and  country,  was  obliged  to 
give  them  a  treat  and  dismiss  them.  Taking  his 
leave  of  them,  [he]  came  home  to  Boston  in  the 
Mary  sloop,  Mr.  AldenJ  master,  and  Captain  Con- 
verse with  him,  on  a  Saturday.  And  waiting  upon 
the  Governour,  and  seme  of  the  gentlemen  in  Boston, 
they  looked  very  strange  upon  them,  which  not  only 
troubled  them,  but  put  them  in  some  consternation ; 
[wondering]  what  the  matter  should  be,  that  after  so 
much  toil  and  hard  service,  [they]  could  not  have 
.    1  [who]  2  [whose] 

•  The  name  of  Plaisted  is  founfl  in  the  earlier  and  later 
wars  as  well  as  in  this.  A  letter  from  Roger  Plaisted  to 
Maj.  Waldron,  who  was  killed  at  Salmon  fal's,  1675,  show- 
ing his  desperate  situation,  is  printed  in  Hubbard,  231. 
Whether  this  was  a  son  or  not  is  not  known  to  me,  but  from 
the  author  just  cited  should  conclude  that  it  was  not.  Per- 
liaps  he  was  a  near  connexion.  In  1712,  a  Mr.  Plaisted  was 
taken  at  Wells,  and  ransomed  for  300  pounds. 

t  Bv  the  bank  I  sui)pose  is  meant,  that  part  of  the  town  of 
Portsmouth,  including  Church  hill,  formerly  called  Straw- 
berry bank,  and  was  a  general  appellation  for  the  town. 

f  The  same  mentioned  further  on,  as  old  Mr.  Alden,  and 
Capt.  Alden.  He  lived  at  Boston,  and  was  one  of  the  accus- 
ed in  the  celebrated  witch  a<j;e,  and  was  committed  to  prison 
by  Hawthorn  and  Gidney,  31  May,  l«i92,  where  he  remained 
15  weeks  ;  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  maile  his  esca'je,  He 
afterwards  returned,  and  none  appearing  against  him,  was 
cleared.  See  Calef's  "More  ^V  onders  of  the  Invisible 
World,"  2 10  to  214. 


of  ^ 

\Vi- 

Kus- 
Ison 
[netl 
He 
Iwas 
ViblB 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


197 


8p  much  as  one  pleasant  word,  nor  any  money  in  their 
pockets ;  for  Major  Church  had  but  eight  pence  left, 
and  Captain  Converse  none,  as  he  said  afterwards. 

Major  Church  seeing  two  gentlemen,  which  he 
knew  had  money, asked  them  to  lend  him  forty  shil- 
lings, telling  them  his  necessity,  yet  they  relusod. 
So  being  bare  of  money,  was  obliged  to  lodge  iit 
Mr.  Alden's  three  nights.  The  next  Tuesday  morn- 
ing Captain  Converse  came  to  him,  (not  knowing 
each  others  circumstances  as  yet)  and  said,  [that]  ho 
would  walk  with  him  out  of  town.  So  coming  near 
Pollard's  at  the  south  end,  they  had  some  discourse. 
[Observed,]  that  it  was  very  hard  that  they  should 
part  with  dry  lips.  Major  Chrrch  told  Captain  Con- 
verse that  he  luid  but  eight  pence  left,  and  could  not 
borrow  any  money  to  carrv  him  home,  and  the  said 
Converse  said,  that  he  had  not  a  penny  left ;  so  they 
were  obliged  to  part  without  going  to  Pollard's,  &,c. 

The  said  Captain  Converse  returned  back  into 
town,  and  the  said  Church  went  over  to  Iloxbury ; 
and  at  the  tavern  he  met  with  Stephen  Braton  of 
Rhodeisland,  a  drover,  who  was  glad  to  see  him,  (the 
said  Church)  and  he  as  glad  to  see  his  neighbour. 
Whereupon  Major  Church  called  for  an  eight  penny 
tankard  of  drink,  and  let  the  said  Braton  know  his 
circumstance?,  [ai'.d]  asked  him  whether  he  would 
lend  h'lm  forty  shillings?  He  answered,  "  Yes,  forty 
pounds  if  he  wanted  it."  So  he  thanked  him,  and 
said  [that]  he  would  have  but  forty  shillings,  which 
he  freely  lent  him. 

Presently  after  Mr.  Church  was  told  that  his  bro- 
ther, Caleb  Church  of  Watertown,  was  coming  with 
a  spare  horse  for  him,  (having  heard  the  night  before 
that  his  brother  was  come  in.)  By  which  means  the 
said  Major  Church  got  home.  And  for  all  his  travel 
and  expenses  in  raising  soldiers,  and  service  done, 
never  had  bUi  fourteen  pounds  of  Plymouth  gentle- 
men, and  not  a  penny  of  Boston  ;  notwithstanding  he 
had  worn  out  all  [of]  his  clothes,  and  run  himself  in 


1     1     61 


M 


■  n 


198 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS, 


I    ii 


debt,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  sell  half  a  share  of 
land  in  Tiverton,  for  about  sixty  pounds,  which  is 
now*  worth  three  hundred  pounds  more  and  above 
what  ho  had. 

Having  not  been  at  home  long  before  he  found  out 
the  reason  why  Boston  gentlemen  looked  so  disaf- 
fected on  him.  As  you  may  see  by  the  sequel  of  two 
letters,  [which]  Major  Church  sent  to  the  gentlemen 
m  the  eastward  parts,  which  are  as  followeth. 

''Bristol,  Kovemher  27,  1G90. 

Worthy  Gentlemen, 

According  to  my  promise  when  with  you  last,  I 
waited  upon  the  Govcrnour  at  Boston  on  Saturday, 
Captain  Converse  being  with  me.  The  Governour 
mformed  us  that  the  council  were  to  meet  on  the 
Monday  following  in  the  afternoon,  at  which  time  we 
both  there  waited  upon  them,  and  gave  them  an  ac- 
count of  the  state  of  your  country,  and  great  neces- 
sities. They  informed  us,  that  their  general  court 
was  to  convene  the  Wednesday  following,  at  which 
time  they  would  debate  and  consider  of  the  matter. 
Myself  being  bound  home,  Captain  Converse  was 
ordered  to  wait  upon  them,  untl  bring  you  their  re- 
solves. I  then  took  notice  of  the  council  that  they 
looked  upon  me  with  an  ill  aspect,  not  judging  me 
worthy  to  receive  thanks  for  the  service  I  had  done 
in  your  parts;  nor  as  much  as  asked  me  whether  I 
wanted  money  to  bear  my  expenses,  or  a  horse  to 
carry  me  home.  But  1  was  forced,  for  want  of 
money,  being  far  from  friends,  to  go  to  Roxbury  on 
foot ;  but  m-jeting  there  with  a  Illiodeisland  gentle- 
man, acquainted  him  of  my  wants,  who  tendered  me 
ten  pounds,  whereby  I  was  accommodated  for  my 
journey  home.     And  being  come  home,  I  went  to 

•  About  1716. 


FREN'CH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


199 


I 

to 
of 
on 

itle- 
nio 
my 

ntto 


the  minister  of  our  town,*  and  gave  him  an  account 
of  the  transactions  of  the  great  affairs  I  had  oecn  em- 
ployed in,  and  the  great  favour  God  was  pleased  to 
show  me,  and  my  company,  and  the  benefit  I  hoped 
would  accrue  to  yourselves ;  and  desired  him  to  re- 
turn publick  thanks  ;  but  at  the  same  interim  of  time 
a  paper  was  presented  unto  him  from  a  court  of  Ply- 
mouth, which  was  holden  before  I  came  home,  to 
command  a  day  of  humiliation  through  the  whole 
government,  "  because  of  the  frown  of  God  upon 
those  forces  gent  under  my  comma;  d,  and  tiie  ill  suf> 
cess  we  had,  for  want  of  good  conduct."  All  whicli 
was  caused  by  those  false  reports  which  were  posted 
home  by  those  ill  affected  officers  that  were  under 
my  conduct;  especially  one,  which  yourselves  very 
well  know,  who  had  the  advantage  of  being  at  home 
a  week  before  me,  being  sick  of  action,  and  vvanling 
the  advantage  to  be  at  the  bank,  which  he  was  evtiry 
day  mindful  of  more  than  fighting  the  enemy  in  tlicir 
own  country. 

"  After  I  came  home,  being  informed  of  a  general 
court  at  Plymouth,  and  not  forgetting  my  faithful 
promise  to  you,  and  the  duty  I  lay  under,  I  went 
thither.  Where  waiting  upon  them  I  gave  tiiem 
an  account  of  my  Eastward  transactions,  and  made 
them  sensible  of  the  falseness  of  those  repor's  that 
were  posted  to  them  by  ill  hands,  and  found  some 
small  favourable  acceptance  with  them  ;  so  far  tiiat 
T  was  credited.  I  presented  your  thanks  to  them 
for  their  seasonably  sending  those  forces  to  relieve 
you,  of  the  expense  and  charge  they  had  been  at ; 
Avhich  thanks  they  gratefully  received ;  and  said  a 
few  lines  from  yourselves  would  have  been  well  ac- 
cepted. I  then  gave  them  an  account  of  your  great 
necessities,  by  being  imprisoned  in  your  garrisons, 
and  the  great  mischief  that  would  attend  the  pub- 

•  Bristol.  The  Rev.  Samr.el  Lee,  I  suspect,  was  then  the 
minister,  as  he  did  not  leave  America  until  sometime  the  next 
year.     See  note  4,  page  xii. 


I' 


200 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


lick  concerns  of  this  country  by  the  loss  of  their 
Majesties^  interest,  and  so  much  good  estate  of  your's 
and  your  neighbours,   as  doubtless  wouhl  be,   on 
the  deserting  of  your  town.     I  then  moved  for  a 
free   contribution   for  your  relief,  which  they  with 
great  forwardness  promoted ;   and  then  ordered   a 
day  of  thanksgiving  through  the  government  upon 
the  twentysixth  day  of  this  instant.     Upon  which 
day  a  collection  was  ordered  for  your  relief,  and  the 
places   near  adjacent,  in  every  respective  town  in 
this  government ;  and  for  the  good  management  of 
it  that  it  might  be  safely  conveyed  unto  your  hands, 
they  appointed  a  man  in  each  county  for  the  receipt 
and  conveyance  thereof.     The  persons  nominated 
and   acce{)ted  thereof,  are,  for  the  county  of  Ply- 
mouth, Captain  Nathaniel  Thomas,  of  Marslifield ; 
for  the  county  of  Barnstable,  Captain  Joseph  Lathrop, 
of  Barnstable;  and  for  the  county  of  Bristol,  myself. 
Which  when  gathered,  you  will  have  a  particular 
account  from  each  person,  with  orders  of  advice 
how  it  may  be  disposed  of  for  your  best  advantage, 
with  a  copy  of  the  court's  order.*     The  gentlemen 
[that]  the  jftects  are  to  be  sent  to,  are  yourselves 
that  I   now  write  to,  viz.,  John  Wheelwright,  Esq., 
Captain   John    Littlefield,  and   Lieutenant  Joseph 
Story.     I  deferred  writing,  expecting  every  day  to 
hear  from  you  concerning  the  Indians,  coming  to 
treat  about  their  prisoners  that  we  had  taken.     The 
discourse   I  made  with   them   at  Ameresscogen,  I 
knew  would  have  that  effect  as  to  bring  them  to  a 
treaty,  which  I  would  have  thought  myself  happy  to 
have  been  improved  in,  knowing  that  it  would  have 
made   much   for  your  good.     But  no   intelligence 
coming  to  me  from  any  gentleman  in  your  fjarts, 

•  The  people  of  Connecticut  were  forward,  also,  iii  con- 
tributing to  those  distressed  inhabitants.  A  coiitribution 
Aas  ordered  by  the  general  court  throughout  the  colony,  and 
the  clergy  were  directed  to  exhort  the  people  to  liberal  con- 
tributions for  these  charitable  purposes.     Hist,  Con.  I,  387 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


201 


and  hearing  nothing  but  by  aocidcnt,  and  that  in 
the  latter  end  of  the  week  by  some  of  ours  coming 
from  Boston,  informed  me  that  tlie  Indians  had  come 
into  your  town  to  seek  for  peace ;  and  that  there 
was  to  be  a  treaty  speedily  ;  but  the  time  they  knew 
not.  I  took  my  horse,  and  upon  the  Monday  set 
out  for  Boston,  expecting  the  treaty  had  been  at 
your  town,  as  rationally  it  should  ;  but  on  Tuesday 
night  coming  to  Boston,  I  there  met  with  Captain 
Elisha  Andros,  who  informed  me  that  the  place  of 
treaty  was  Sacatyhock,*  and  that  Captain  Alden 
was  gone  from  Boston  four  days  before  I  camo 
there,  and  had  carried  all  the  Indian  prisoners  with 
him ;  and  that  all  the  forces  were  drawn  away  out 
of  your  parts,  except  twelve  men  in  your  town,  and 
twelve  in  Piscataqiia,  which  news  did  so  amuse  me, 
to  see,  that  wisdom  was  taken  from  the  wise,  and 
such  imprudence  in  their  tactions  as  to  be  deluded 
by  Indians.  To  have  a  treaty  so  far  from  any  Eng- 
lish town,  and  to  draw  otl'  the  forces  upon  what  pre- 
tence soever,  to  me  looks  very  ill.  My  fear  is  that 
they  will  deliver  those  we  have  taken,  which,  if 
kept,  would  have  been  greatly  for  your  security,  in 
keeping  them  in  awe,  and  preventing  them  from 
doing  any  hostile  action  or  mischief.  I  knowing 
that  the  English  being  abroad  are  very  earnest  to 
go  home,  and  the  Indians  are  very  tedious  in  their 
discourses ;  and  by  that  means  will  have  an  advan- 
tage to  have  their  captives  at  very  low  rates,  to 
your  great  damage. f     Gentlemen,  as  to  Ilhodeisland, 

•  Sanjadahock.  On  the  south  side  of  Keiinebeck  river,  20 
miles  southwest  of  Pemtnaqued.     Hubbard. 

t  The  treaty  here  alluded  to,  was  agreed  upon  by  those 
sachems  that  came  into  "  Wells  garrison,"  mentioned  on 
page  194,  "with  a  flag  of  truce."  Major  Hutchinson  and 
Capt.  Townsend  went  from  Boston  to  Wells,  as  commission- 
ers, and  after  some  time,  a  conference  was  agreed  upon  at 
Sagadahock,  23  November.  They  met  according  to  ajv 
pointmcnt  and  a  truce  only,  was  obtained,  and  that  till  1  INI  ay 

I 


illi 


■•  1 

"'I 


i'i'  fl 


2.02 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  >VARS. 


'i 


\'a: 


I  liavo  not  concerned  myself  us  to  any  relief  foi 
you,  having  nothing  in  writing  to  show  to  tliciu; 
yet,  upon  discourse  with  sorno  gontlemen  there 
they  have  si-gnilied  a  great  forwarclness  to  promote 
such  a  thing.  I  lying  under  great  ruHections  from 
some  of  yours  in  the  eastward  parts,  that  I  was  a 
very  covetous  person,  and  came  tlicre  to  enrircli  my- 
self, and  that  I  killed  their  cattle  and  barrelled  them 
up,  a  id  sent  them  to  Boston,  and  sold  them  for 
plund  )r,  and  made  money  to  put  into  my  own  poc- 
ket ;  and  the  owners  of  them  being  poor  people 
begged  for  the  hides  and  tallow,  with  tears  in  their 
eyes ;  and  that  I  was  so  cruel  is  to  deny  them ! 
which  makes  me  judge  myself  incapable  to  serve 
you  in  that  matter;  yet,  I  do  assure  you,  that  the 
people  are  very  charitable  at  the  island,  and  forward 
in  such  good  actions ;  and  therefore,  I  advise  you  to 
desire  some  good  substantial  person  to  take  the  ma- 
nagement of  it,  and  write  to  the  government  there, 
which  I  know  will  not  be  labour  lost.  As  for  what 
1  am  accused  of,  you  all  can  witness  to  the  contra- 
ry, and  I  shoukl  take  it  very  kindly  fiom  you  to 
do  me  that  just  right,  as  to  vindicate  mv  reputation  ; 
for  the  wise  man  says,  "  A  good  nnme  is  a;.  i>reeious 
ointment."  When  I  hear  of  the  ollects  of  the  trea- 
ty, and  have  an  account  of  this  contribution,  I  in- 
tend again  to  write  to  you,  being  very  desirous,  and 
should  think  myself  very  happy,  to  be  favoured  with 
a  few  lines  from  yourself,  or  any  gentleman  in  the 
eastward  parts.  Thus  leaving  you  to  the  protec- 
tion and  guidance  of  the  greu-t  God  of  Heaven  and 
earth,  who  is  able  to  protect  and  supply  you  in  your 
great  difficulties,  and  to  give  you  deliverance  in  his 
own  due  time.  I  remain,  gentlemen,  your  most  as- 
sured friend,  to  serve  you  to  my  utmost  power. 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH." 

However,  bO  captiv-?s  were  redeemed,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
truce  they  were  to  brinp;  the  rest  to  Wells,  and  make  a 
Qnal  peace.     Magnolia,  II,  529. 


I 


FRENCH   \ND  INDIAN  WARS. 


203 


"  Postscript.  Esquire  Wlicelwright.*  Sir,  I  en- 
treat you,  after  your  perusiil  of  these  lines,  to  com- 
municate the  same  to  Captain  John  Littlefiehl,f 
Lieutenant  Joseph  Story,  and  to  any  otiior  gentle- 
men, as  in  your  judgment  you  see  lit ;  with  the  ten- 
der of  my  respects  to  you,  etc.,  and  to  Major 
V^uughan,  and  his  good  lady  and  family.  To  Cap- 
tain Fryer,  and  good  Mrs.  Fryer,  with  hearty  thanks 
for  their  kindness  whilst  in  those  parts,  and  good 
entertainment  from  them.  My  kind  respects  to  Ma- 
jor Frost,  Captain  Walton,  Lieutenant  Iloneywel, 
and  my  very  good  friend  little  Lieutenant  Plaisted ; 
with  due  respects  to  all  gentlemen,  my  friends  in  the 
eastward  parts,  as  if  particularly  named.     Farewell. 

B.  C." 


il] 


«  To  Major  Pike. 

Honoured  Sir,  Bristol,  Nov.  27,  1G90. 

These  come  to  wait  upon  you,  to  bring  the  ten- 
ders of  my  hearty  service  to  yourself,  and  lady,  with 
due  acknowledgment  of  thankfulness  for  all  the 
kindness,  and  favour  I  received  from  you  in  the  east- 
ward parts,  'vhen  with  you.     Since  I  came  from 

•  A  soHj  it  is  p'-esumcd,  of  the  Rl  r.  John  Wheelwrijj;!it, 
of  whom  so  much  has  been  said  and  written  concerning  An- 
tinnmian  princip'es  and  land  titles.  Being  con(ente<l  with 
the  history  of  the  father,  I  have  not  disturbed  the  ash<'s  of 
the  son.  The  venerable  ancestor  held  a  deed  of  certain 
lands  in  Exeter,  N,  H.,  from  certain  Indian  Sagamores  iin- 
i\cr  date,  1629,  the  "  authenticity"  of  which,  has  of  late,  been 
examined  by  two  able  criticks.  The  late  Governour  Plunier 
of  N.  H,,  first  endeavoured  to  vindicate  its  genuineness,  and 
James  Savage  of  Boston,  sec-ms  to  have  proved  the  contrarj'. 
Tlie  deed  may  be  seen  in  I  Belknap,  App.  No.  I.  Govern- 
our Plumer's  argument  in  N.  H.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.  299.  And 
that  of  Mr.  Savage  in  his  edition  of  Winthrop's  Journal,  I, 
412. 

t  ALifiut.  Littlefield  is  named  by  Penhallow,  71,  as  being 
Blain  in  17  J  2,  at  Wells.    It  might  be  Le. 


i' 


lit" 


•204 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


those  pnrts,  1  am  informed  by  Ciiptaiii  Aiidros,  timt 
yourself  ami  most  all  the  forc(!S,  are  «lra\vii  olf  from 
the  eastward  parts.  I  admire  at  it,  considering  that 
they  had  so  low  esteem  of  what  was  done,  that  tln-y 
can  apprehend  the  eastward  i>arts  so  suft)  hefore  the 
enemy  were  bronj^ht  into  better  subjct^tion.  I  was 
in  hopes,  when  I  came  from  thence,  liiat  those  who 
were  so  desirous  to  liavc  my  room,  would  havc!  b»!eM 
very  brisk  in  my  >ibsence,  to  have  j^ot  thfinselvi'S 
some  honour,  which  they  very  much  ^apcd  al'tcr,  or 
else  tiiey  would  not  have  spread  so  many  \'nUii  re- 
ports to  defame  me;  which  hud  I  known  bcl'ore  I 
left  the  bank''^  I  would  have  had  satisfaction  of  them. 
Your  honour  was  pleased  to  give  mo  sonic  snudi 
account,  before  I  left  the  bank,  of  sonx;  thin;ijs  that 
were  ill  represented  to  you,  conciTiiinij  the  eastwar<l 
expedition,  which  being  rolled  home  like  a  snowball 
through  both  colonies,  was  go*  to  such  a  bigness, 
that  it  overshadowed  one  from  the  inlluenc('  of  nil 
comfort,  or  good  acceptance  amongst  my  friends  in 
my  journey  homeward.  But  through  (Jod's  good- 
ness [I]  am  come  homo,  finding  all  well,  and  ujyself 
in  good  health;  hoping,  that  those  reports  will  do 
me  the  favour,  to  quit  me  from  all  other  publick  ac- 
tions;  that  so  I  may  the  more  peaceably,  luid  (|ui(!l- 
ly,  wait  upon  God.  and  be  a  comfort  to  my  own 
family,  in  this  dark  time  of  troid)le  ;  being  as  one 
hid,  till  his  indignation  is  ovetpast.  I  shall  take  it 
as  a  great  favour,  to  hear  of  your  welfare.  Sub- 
scribing myself  as  I  am,  sir. 

Your  moat  assured  friend  and  servant, 

BENJAMIN  aiUllCII." 

Major  Church  did  receive,  after  this,  answ«'rs  to 
his  letters,  but  hath  lost  them,  except  it  be  a  hitter 
from  several  of  the  gentlemen  in  those  oarts,  in 
June  following,  which  is  as  followeth. 

♦  Portsmouth.     See  page  196,  .^oto  8. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


205 


"  I'orhmmth,  June  29,  1G9I 
Major  Bcnj.  Church, 

Sir,  your  former  rc'ndinoss  to  expose  yourself  in 
the  service  of  the  country,  aijuinst  tlio  common  ene- 
my, and  particularly  the  lat(!  ol>li;i?ations,  you  liavo 
laid  upon  us,  in  th(;.se  eastern  parts,  leave    us  under 
a  deep  and  grateful  sense  of  your  favour  therein. 
And  forasmuch  as  you  were  pleased  when  last  here, 
to  signify  your  ready  inclination  to  further  serviiro 
of  this   kind,  if  occasion  should  cill   for   it.     Wo 
therefore  presume,  confidently  to  promise  ourselves 
compliance  accordingly ;  and  have  sent  this  mes- 
sage on  purpose  to  you,  to  let  you  know,  that  not- 
withstanding the  late  overture  of  peace,  the  enemy 
have  approved  themselves  as  perfidious  as  e.ver,  and 
are  almost  daily  killing  and  destroying  upon  all  our 
frontiers.     The  Governour  and  council  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts have  been  pleased  to  order  the  raising  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to  be  forthwith  despatch- 
ed into  those  parts ;  and,  as    we   understand,  have 
written  to  your  Governour  and  coimcil  of  Plymotith 
for  further  assistance,  which  we  pray  you  to  promote, 
hoping  if  you  can  obtain  about  two  hundred  men,  Kng- 
lisli  and  Indians,  to  visit  them  at  some  of  their  head 
(|uarters,  up  Kennebeck   river,  or  els(;where,  which 
for  want  of  necessaries   was  omitted   last  year ;  it 
may  be  of  great  advantage  to  us.     We  oiler  nothing 
of  advice,  as  to  what  methods  arc  most  proper  to  bo 
taken  in  tins  afiair.      Your  acquaintance  with  our 
circumstances  as   well   as  tlie  enemy's,  will  direct 
you  therein.     We  leave  the  condut-t  thereof  to  your 
own  discretion.     But  that  the  want  of  provision,  &.c.> 
may  be  no  remora  to  your  motion,  you  may  please 
to  know  Mr.  Gcafibrd,  one  of  our  principal  inhabi- 
tants, now  residing  in  Boston,  hath  promised  to  take 
care  to  supply  to  the  value  of  two  or  three  hundred 
pounds,  if  occasion  require.     Wc  {)ray  a  few  lines 
by  the  bearer,  to  give  us  a  prospect  of  what  wo 


if 


Ia 


H-i 


I 

1] 


!l! 


4  ■ 

!'!  i 


206 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


may  expect  for  our  further  encouragement,  and  re- 
main, 

Sir,  your  obliged  friends  and  servants, 

William  Vaughan, 
Richard  Mahtyn, 
Nathaniel  Frykr, 
William  Fernald, 
Francis  Hooke, 
Charles  Frost, 
John  Wincol, 
Robert  Elliott." 

(A  true  copy  of  the  original  letter ;  ivhich  letter 
was  presented  to  me  by  Captain  Hatch,  who  came 
express.) 

Major  Church  sent  them  his  answer,  the  contents 
whereof  was,  that  he  had  gone  often  enough  for 
nothing,  and  especially  to  be  ill  treated  with  scan- 
dals and  false  reports,  when  last  out,  which  he  could 
not  forget.  And  signified  to  them,  that  doubtless 
some  amongst  them,  thought  they  could  do  without 
him,  &c.  And  to  make'  short  of  it,  [they]  did  go 
out,  and  meeting  with  the  enemy  at  Maquait,  were 
most  shamefully  beaten,  as  I  have  been  inform- 
ed.* 

•  I  will  lay  before  the  reader  an  a;count  of  the  affair  hinf- 
cd  at,  as  I  find  it  in  Mather,  and  will  only  observe,  that,  that 
author  is  enough  inclined  to  favour  the  side  of  the  English 
"  About  the  latter  end  of  July  [1691]  wc  sent  out  a  small  army 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  March,  Capt.  King,  Capt.  Sher- 
burn,  and  Capt,  Walten,  who  landing  at  Maquoit,  marched 
up  to  Pechypscot,  but  not  finding  any  signs  of  the  enemy, 
marched  down  again.  While  the  commanders  wore  waiting 
ashore  till  the  soldiers  were  got  aboard,  such  great  numbers 
of  Indians  poured  in  upon  them,  that  though  tlie  commanders 
wanted  not  for  courage  or  conduct,  yet  they  found  them- 
selves obliged,  with  much  ado,  (and  not  without  the  death 
of  worthy  Capt.  Sherburn)  to  retire  into  the  vessels  whicb 
then  lay  aground.  Here  they  kept  pelting  at  one  anotkei 
all  night ;  but  unto  little  other  pui-pose  than  this,  which  wai 
indeed  remarkable,  that  the  enemy  was  at  this  time  going  t( 


led 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS.  20T 


THE    THIRD    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

This  was  in  the  year  1G92.  In  the  time  of  Sii 
William  Phips'*  government,  Major  Walley  being 
at  Boston,  was  requested  by  his  excellency  to  treat 
with  Major  Church  about  going  east  with  iiim.  Ma- 
jor Walley  coming  home,  did  as  desired  ;  and  to  en- 
courage the  said  Major  Church,  told  him,  that  now' 

take  the  isle  of  Shoals,  and  no  doubt  had  they  gone  they 
would  have  taken  it,  but  having  exhausted  all  their  ammu- 
nition on  this  occasion,  they  desisted  from  what  they  design- 
ed."    Magnalia,  II,  530. 

•  Governour  Phips  "  was  a  Nevvengland  man,"  born   at 
Pemmaquid,  in  1650-1  ;  being,  as  we  are  told,  a  younger  son 
among  twentysix  children,  of  whom  twentyone  were  sons. 
By  profession  he  was  a  ship  carpenter.     That  business  he 
soon  left;  and  being  an  industrious  and  persevering  man, 
and  applying  himself  to  study,  soon  acquued  an  education 
competent  for  <he  discharge  of  common  affairs,  and  then 
went  to  sea.     On  hearing  of  a  Sjianish  siiip's  being  wrecked 
near  the  Bahamas,  proceeded  to  England,  and  g.^ve  so  flat- 
tering an  account  of  its  value,  and  the  practicai)ility  of  ob- 
taining it,  that  he  was  despatched  in  one  of  the  King's  ships 
in  search  of  it ;  but  returned  without  success.     Yet  he  be- 
lieved the  treasure  raiglit  bo  obtained ;  and  soon  after,  the 
Duke  of  Albemarl  sent  him  witli  two  ships  on  the  same  busi- 
ness.    After  much  excessive  toil,  and  nearly  on  the  point  of 
abandoning  the  object,  the  treasure  was  discovered,  and  he 
succeeded  in  bringing  from  tlie  wreck  three  hundred  thou- 
sand pounds.     But  after  deducting  the  Duke's  share  and  the 
utfits,  and  his  own  great  generosity  to  his  men,  lie  had  left 
nly  sixteen  thousand.     He  now  had  conferred  on  him  the 
>rder  of  knighthood.     In  1690  he  commanded  an  expedition 
against  Q,uel)eck,but  from  unavoidable  obstacles  did  not  ar- 
rive until  too  late  in  tlie  season,  and  was  obliged  to  abandon 
the  expedition.     See  note  1,  on  [lage  177,  where  some  parti- 
culars are  given.     The  King  now  for  tlie  first  time  comjdi- 
mented  the  Newengland  agents  with  the  nomination  of  their 
Governour,  and  they  nominal ed  Sir  William  Phips,  and  he 
arrived  at  Boston,  14  May,  lG9i,  invested  with  the  proper 
authority.     In   1694,  he  was  sent  for  to  answer  some  com- 
jdaints  in  England,  but  fell  sick  before  1 
died,  18  Feb.  1695.     All  represent  him 


gt« 


man,  and  a  real 
Eliot,  and  Allen. 


friend  to  his  country. 


had  his  trial  and 
a  strictly  honest 
Mather,  Holme«. 


II  ; 

'  ■  if' 

iiif 

ill . 

'<] 

>\\  \  , 

11 

i  i  I' 

y 

biiy  1 

208 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


was  the  time  to  have  recompense  for  his  former 
great  expenses ;  saying  also,  that  the  country 
could  not  give  him  less  than  two  or  three  hundred 
pounds. 

So  upon  his  excellency's  request,  Major  Church 
went  down  to  Boston,  and  waited  upon  him,  who 
said  he  was  glad  to  see  him,  &c.  Alter  some  dis- 
jCourse  [he]  told  the  said  Church,  that  he  was  going 
east,  himself,  and  that  he  should  be  his  second,  and 
in  his  absence,  command  all  the  forces.  And  be- 
ing requested  by  his  excellency  to  raise  v^hat  volun- 
teers he  could  of  his  old  soldiers  in  the  county  of 
Bristol,  both  English  and  Indians,  received  his  com- 
mission, which  is  as  foUoweth. 

"  Sir  William  Phips,  Knight,  Captain  General  and 
Governour  in  Chief,  in  and  over  his  Majesty's 
province  of  the  Massachusetts  bay,  in  JVeweng- 
land, 

To  Benjamin  Church,  Gent.,  Greeting. 

Reposing  special  trust  and  confidence  in  your 
loyalty,  courage  and  good  conduct ;  I  do  by  thesu 
presents  constitute  ancl  appoint  you  to  be  Major  of 
the  several  companies  of  militia,  detached  for  their 
Majesties'  service  against  their  French  and  Indian 
enemies.  You  are  therefore  authorized  and  requir- 
ed in  their  Majesties'  names,  to  discharge  the  duty 
ofa  Major  by  leading,  ordering  and  exercising  the 
said  several  companies  in  arms,  both  inferiour  offi- 
cers and  soldiers,  keeping  them  in  good  order  and 
discipline,  commanding  them  to  obey  you  as  their 
Major.  And  diligently  to  intend  the  said  service, 
for  the  prosecuting,  pursuing,  killing  and  destroying 
of  the  said  common  enemy.  And  yourself  to  ob- 
serve and  follow  such  orders  and  directions  as  you 
shall  from  time  to  time  receive  from  myself,  accord- 
mg  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war,  pursuant  to 
tJie  trust  reposed  in  you  for  their  Majesties'  service. 


ir 


cr 
)- 


H3 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


20'J 


Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  Boston,  the  tvven- 
tyfifth  day  of  July,  1G92.  In  the  fourth  year  of  the 
reign  of  our  sovereign  Lord  and  Lady,  William  and 
Mary,  by  the  grace  of  God,  King  and  Queen  of 
England,  Scotland,  France  and  Ireland,  defender  of 
the  faith,  &c. 

WILLIAM  PHIPS. 
By  his  Excellency's  command. 

Isaac  Addington,  Seer." 

• 

Returning  home  to  the  county  aforesaid,  he  soon 
raised  a  sufficient  number  of  volunteers,  both  English 
and  Indians,  and  officers  suitable  to  command  them, 
marched  them  down  to  Boston.  But  there  was  one 
thing  I  would  just  mention,  which  was,  that  Major 
Church,  being  short  of  money,  was  forced  to  borrow 
six  pounds  in  money  of  Lieutenant  W^oodman,  in 
Littlecompton,  to  distribute  by  a  shilling,  and  a  bit* 
at  a  time,  to  the  Indian  soldiers,  who,  without  such 
allurements,  would  not  have  marched  to  Boston. 
This  money  Major  Church  put  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
William  Fobes,  who  was  going  out  [as]  their  com- 
missary in  that  service. 

[FleJ*  was  ordered  to  keep  a  just  account  of  what 
each  Indian  had,  so  that  it  might  be  deducted  out  of 
their  wages  at  their  return  home.  Coming  to  Boston, 
his  excellency  having  got  things  in  readiness,  they 
embarked  on  board  their  transports,  his  excellency 
going  in  person  with  them ;  being  bound  to  Pema- 
quid.f     But  in  their  way  stopped  at  Casco,  and  buri- 

1  [who] 

•  Six  pence.  ' 

t  This  word  is  better  written  Pemmaquid  as  it  was  fo*«»er- 
ly  pronounced,  and  now  generally.  This  place  is  cf^tebrat- 
ed  as  the  birth  place  of  Sir  William  Phips.  Several  places 
are  known  by  this  name,  but  are  all  in  the  same  vicinity,  and 
on  the  east  side  of  Kenncbeck  river,  and  about  20  piiles  from 
its  moata.    Habbard. 


It 


m 


14 


m 


m 


'1 


210 


FKENCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


ed  the  bones*  of  the  dead  people  there,  and  took  off 
the  great  guns  that  were  there,  then  went  to  Pema- 
quid. 

Coming  there  his  excellency  asked  Major  Church 
to  go  ashore  and  give  his  judgment  about  erecting  a 
fortf  there  'J  He  answered,  that  his  genius  did  not 
incline  that  way,  he  never  had  any  value  for  them, 
being  only  nests  for  destructions.  His  excellency 
said,  [that]  he  had  a  special  order  from  their  Ma- 
jesties, King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  to  erect  a 
fort  there,  &.c.  Then  they  went  ashore  and  spent 
some  time  in  the  projection  thereof.  Then  his  ex- 
cellency told  Major  Church  that  he  might  take  all 
the  forces  with  him,  (except  one  company  to  slay 
with  him  and  work  about  the  fort.)  The  Major 
answered,  that  if  his  excellency  pleased,  he  might 
keep  two  companies  with  him,  and  [tliat]  he  would 
go  with  the  restj  to  Penobscot,  and  places  adjacent. 
Which  his  excellency  did,  and  gave  Major  Church 
his  orders,  which  are  as  foUoweth. 

«  By  his  excellency.  Sir  WILLIAM  PHIPS,  Knight, 
Captain  General  and  Governour  in  Chief,  in  and 
over  their  Majesties'  province  of  the  JSlassachusetta 
bay,  in  JVewcngland,  ^-c. 

Instructions  for  Major  Benjamin  Church. 

Whereas  you  are  Major,  and  so  chief  officer  of  a 
body  of  men,  detached  out  of  the  militia,  appointed 
for  an  expedition  against  tiie  Frencii  and  Indian  ene- 

•  See  paRp  175,  and  note  3,  where  an  account  of  the  des- 
truction of  Casco  is  relal'^d. 

tThis  fort  was  called  the  William  Henry,  and  was  the 
best  tl>en  in  these  parts  of  America.  It  was  built  of  stone  o( 
a  quadrangular  fiRure,  and  about  737  feet  in  comi.ass,  mount- 
ing 14  (if  not  18)  guns.  Whereof  tt  were  18  pounders. 
About  60  men  were  lefl  ti»  man  the  fort.  Mather,  Slagnaha, 
II,  530,  537. 

I  Their  who  9  force  was  450  men.     lb. 


lies- 

ras  the 
,one  o( 
monnt- 
in»\ers. 
.gnaliai 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


211 


my ;  you  are  duly  to  observe  the  following  instruc- 
tions. 

Imprimis.  You  are  to  take  care  that  the  worship 
of  God  be  duly  and  constantly  maintained  and  kept 
up  amongst  you  ;  and  to  suffer  no  swearing,  cursing, 
or  other  profanation  of  the  holy  name  of  God  ;  and, 
as  much  as  in  you  lies,  to  deter  and  hinder  all  other 
viccj  amongst  your  soldiers. 

Secondly.  You  are  to  proceed,  with  the  soldiers 
under  your  command  to  Penobscot,  and,  with  what 
privacy,  and  what  undiscoverable  methods  you  can, 
there  to  land  your  men,  and  take  the  best  measures 
to  surprise  the  enemy. 

Thirdly,  You  are,  by  killing,  destroying,  and  all 
other  means  possible,  to  endeavour  tlie  destruction 
of  the  enemy,  in  pursuance  whereof,  being  satisfied 
of  your  courage  and  conduct,  I  leave  the  same  to 
your  discretion. 

Fourthly.  You  are  to  endeavour  the  taking  what 
captives  you  can,  either  men,  women  or  children,  and 
the  same  safely  to  keep  and  convey  them  unto  me. 

Fifthly.  Since  it  is  not  possible  to  judge  how  af- 
fairs may  be  circumstanced  with  you  there,  I  shall 
therefore  not  limit  your  return,  but  leave  it  to  your 
prudence,  only  that  you  make  no  longer  stay  than 
you  can  improve  for  advantage  against  the  enemy,  or 
may  reasonably  hope  for  the  same. 

Sixtidy.  You  are  also  to  take  care  ai,  '  be  very 
industrious  by  all  possible  means  to  find  ou  and  de- 
stroy all  the  enemy's  corn,  and  other  provisioi  s  in  all 
places  where  you  can  come  at  the  same. 

Seventhly.  You  are  to  return  from  Penobscot  and 
those  eastern  parts,  to  make  all  despatch  henon  for 
Kennebeck  river  and  the  places  adjacent,  and  there 
prosecute  all  advantages  against  the  enemy  as  afore- 
said. 

Eighthly,  If  any  soldier,  officer,  or  oilier  shall 
be  disobedient  to  you  as  their  commander  in  chief, 
or  other   their  superiour  olPcer,   or  make,  or  cause 


i! 


1 


212 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


any  mutiny,  commit  othor  ofTonce  or  disorders,  you 
shall  call  a  council  of  war  amongst  your  officers,  and 
having  tried  him  or  them  so  oilending,  inflict  such 
punishment  as  the  merit  of  the  oficnce  requires,  death 
only  excepted,  which  if  any  shall  deserve,  you  are 
to  secure  the  person,  and  signify  the  crime  unto  me 
by  the  first  opportunity. 

Given  under  my  hand  this   11th  day  of  August, 
1692. 

WILLIAM  PHIPS." 


m 


M 

1 1 


Then  the  Major  and  his  forces  embarked  and  made 
the  best  of  their  way  to  Penobscot.  And  coming  to 
an  island  in  those  parts  in  the  evening,  landed  his 
forces  at  one  end  of  the  island.  Then  the  Major 
took  part  of  his  forces  and  moved  (toward  day)  to 
the  other  end  of  the  said  island,  where  they  found 
two  Frenchmen  and  their  families,  in  their  houses ; 
and,  that  one  or  both  of  them  had  Indian  women  to 
their  wives,  and  had  children  by  them.  The  Major 
presently  examining  the  Frenchmen,  [demanded] 
where  the  Indians  were  7  They  told  him,  that  there 
was  a  great  company  of  them  upon  an  island  just 
by.  And  showing  him  the  island,  [he]  presently 
discovered  several  of  them. 

Major  Church  and  his  forces  still  keeping  undis- 
covered to  them,  asked  the  Frenchmen  where  their 
passing  place  was  9  Which  they  readily  showed  them. 
So  presently  they  placed  an  ambuscade  to  take  any 
that  should  come  over.  Then  sent  orders  for  all  the 
rest  of  the  forces  to  come  ;  sending  them  an  account 
of  what  he  had  seen  and  met  withal ;  strictly  charg- 
ing them  to  keep  themselves  undiscovered  by  the 
enemy.  The  ambuscade  did  not  lie  long  before  an 
Indian  man  and  woman  came  over  in  a  canoe,  to  the 
pl.ace  for  landing,  where  the  ambuscade  was  laid. 
[They]'  hauled  up  their  canoe,  and  came  right  int(» 
the  hand?  of  our  ambuscade, whososuddenlysurpris- 

1  [who] 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


213 


ed  them  that  they  could  not  give  any  notice  to  the 
others  Irom  whence  they  came.  The  Major  ordering 
that  none  of  his  should  offer  to  meddle  with  the 
canoe,  lest  they  should  be  discovered.  Hoping  to 
take  the  most  of  them,  if  his  forces  came  as  ordered, 
(he  expecting  them  to  come  as  directed.)  But  the 
first  news  [that]  he  hat^of  them,  was,  that  they  wure 
all  coming,  [and]^  not  privately  as  ordered,  but  the 
vessels  fair  in  sight  of  the  enemy,  which  soon  put 
them  all  to  flight.  And  our  forces  not  having  boata 
suitable  to  pursue  them,  they  got  all  away  in  their 
canoes,  &c.  [This]'  caused  Major  Ciiurch  to  say, 
[that]  he  would  never  go  out  again  without  [a] 
sufficient  number  of  whale  boats,  [the]^  want  of  which 
was  the  ruin  of  that  action.* 

Then  Major  Church,  according  to  his  instructions, 
ranged  all  those  parts,  to  find  all  their  corn,  and 
carried  aboard  their  vessels  what  ho  thought  conve- 
nient, and  destroyed  the  rest.  Also  finding  conside- 
rable quantities  of  plunder,  viz.,  beaver,  moose 
skins,  &.C. 

Having  done  what  service  they  could  in  those 
parts,  he  returned  back  to  his  excellency  at  Peme- 
quid.  Where  being  come,  staid  not  long,  (they  be- 
ing short  of  bread)  his  excellency  intended  [going] 
home  for  Boston  for  more  provisions.  [In  the  way]** 
going  with  Major  Church  and  his  forces  to  Kenno- 
beck  river  ;  and  coming  there  gave  him  further  or- 
ders, which  are  as  followeth. 

"  By  his  Excellency  the  Governour, 

To  Majw  Benjamin  Church. 

You  having  already  received  former  instructions, 
are  now  fu'ther  to  proceed  with  the  soldiers  under 
1  [though]       2  [which]        3  [for]        4  [hut  before] 

•  Mather,  II,  537,  says  that  five  prisoners  were  taken  at 
this  time. 


r 


■:' 


214 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


your  conimimd  for  Koiiiiubcck  river,  and  the  places 
adjacent,  and  use  your  utmost  t'ndeavours  to  kill, 
destroy  and  take  captive  iIk;  French  and  Indian  ene- 
my wheresoever  you  shall  find  any  of  them ;  and  at 
your  return  to  Pemequid  (which  you  are  to  do  as 
soon  as  you  can  conveniently  ;  after  your  best  en- 
deavour done  against  the  qjiemy,  and  having  des- 
troyed their  corn  and  other  provisions)  you  are  to 
stay  with  all  your  soldiers  and  oflicers,  and  set  them 
to  work  on  the  fort,  and  make  what  despatch  you  can 
in  that  business,  staying  there  until  my  furtfier  order. 

WILLIAM  nilPS." 

Then  his  excellency  taking  leave  went  for  Boston, 
and  soon  after,  Major  Church  and  his  forces  had  a 
smart  fight  v/ith  the  enemy  in  Kcinnebeck  river  ;  pur- 
sued them  so  hard  that  tiiey  lelt  \\um  canoes,  and 
ran  up  into  the  woods.  [They]  still  pursued  tlicm 
up  to  their  fort  at  Taconock,*  whi.ch  the  enemy 
perceiving,  set  fire  to  their  houses  in  the  fort,  and 
ran  away  by  the  light  of  them ;  and  when  Major 
Church  came  to  the  said  fort,  [he]  found  about  half 
their  houses  standing,  and  the  rest  burnt ;  also  found 
great  quantities  of  corn,  put  up  into  Indian  cribs, 
which  he  and  his  forces  destroyed,  as  ordered. 

Having  done  what  service  he  could  in  those  parts, 
returned  to  Pemeqtiid.  And  coming  there,  employ- 
ed his  forces  accoiding  to  his  instructions.  Being 
out  of  bread  [and]  his  excellency  not  coming,  Ma- 
jor Church  was  obliged  to  borrow  bread  of  the  Cap- 
tain of  the  man  of  war,  that  was  then  there,  for  all 
the  forces  under  his  command ;  his  excellency  not 
coming  as  expected.  But  at  length  his  excellency 
came,    and    brought   very   little    bread,  more   than 

*  This  fort  was  about  64  miles  from  tlic  sea.  Taconock, 
or  as  Sullivan  has  it,  Taconnct  is  a  great  fall  of  water  in  the 
Kennebeck.  At  this|;lace,  by  onler  of  Gov.  Shirley,  a  fort 
was  built  on  the  east  bank  of  the  '•iver  (in  1754)  and  called 
fort  Halifax.    Minot's  Hi&t.  I,  186 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIIS. 


would  pay  what  was  be  iwed  of  the  mun  of  war , 
BO  that  in  a  short  time  after  Major  Church,  with  iiis 
forces,  returned  home  to  Boston,  and  had  their  wa- 
ges for  their  good  service  done. 

Only  one  thing,  by  the  way,  I  will  just  mention  ; 
that  is,  about  the  six  pounds  [whichj  Major  Churcii 
borrowed  as  beforementioned,  and  put  into  the 
luinds  of  Mr.  Fobes,  who  distributed  the  said  money, 
all  but  thirty  shillings,  to  the  Indian  soldiers,  as  di- 
rected, which  was  deducted  out  of  their  wages,  and 
the  country  had  credit  for  ihe  same.  And  the  said 
Fobes  kept  the  thirty  shillings  to  liiniself,  whicii 
was  deducted  out  of  his  wages.  Whereupon  Major 
Walley  and  [the]  said  Fobes  had  some  words.  In 
short  Major  Church  was  obliged  to  expend  about 
six  pounds  of  his  own  money  in  marching  down  tlie 
forces  both  English  and  Indians,  to  Boston,  iuiving 
no  drink  allowed  them  upon  the  road,  ifcc  So, 
that  instead  of  Major  Church's  having  the  allowances 
aforementioned  by  Major  Walley,  he  was  out  (»f 
pocket  about  twelve  pounds  over  and  above  what  he 
had  ;  all  which  had  not  been,  had  not  his  excellency 
been  gone  out  of  the  country. 


THE   FOURTH    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

In  1G96,  Major  Church  being  at  Boston,  and  be- 
longing to  the  house  of  representatives,  several  gen- 
tlemen requesting  him  to  go  east  again,  and  the 
general  court  having  made  acts  of  encouragement, 
&.C.  He  told  theiii,  [that]  if  they  would  provide 
whale  boats,  and  other  necessaries  convenient,  he 
would.  Being  also  requested  by  the  said  general 
court,  he  proceeded  to  raise  volunteers ;  and  made 
it  his  whole  business,  riding  both  east  and  west  in 
our  province  and  Connecticut,  at  great  charge  and 
expenses.     And  in  about  a  month's  time,  raised  a 


>. ;  ji 


;r;' 


21C 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WVIIS. 


sufHcicnt  number  out  of  those  piirts,  and  iniirchcd 
them  down  to  Boston.  Wliere  ho  Imd  tlie  promise 
that  every  tliin,i5  sliould  be  ready  in  three  weeks, 
or  a  montli's  time ;  but  was  obliged  to  stay  conside- 
rably longer.  Bding  now  at  Boston,  he  received  hia 
commission  and  instructions,  which  are  as  follovveth. 

«  WILLIAM  STOUGIITON,*  Esquire,  Lieutenant 
Governour,  and  Commander  in  Chief,  in  and  over 
his  Majesty's  province  of  Massachusetts  bay,  in 
JVewengtand, 

To  Major  Benjamin  Church,  Greeting. 

Whereas  there  are  several  companies  raised, 
con-'_.,ing  o"  Englishmen  and  Indians,  for  his  Majes- 
ty's service,  to  go  forth  upon  the  encouragement 
given  by  the  great  and  general  court,  or  assembly 
of  this  his  Majesty's  province,  convened  at  Boston, 
the  27th  day  of  May,  1090,  to  prosecute  the  French* 
and  Indian  enemy,  &c.  And  you  having  offered 
yourself  to  take  the  command  and  conduct  of  the 
said  several  companies.  By  virtue,  therefore,  of  the 
power  and  authority  in  and  by  his  Majesty's  royal 
commission  to  me  granted,  reposing  special  trust 
and  confidence  in  your  loyalty,  prudence,  courage 

•  Mr.  Stougliton  was  the  son  of  Israel  Stoughton  of  Dor- 
chester, at  which  i)lace  he  was  horn  in  1632.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  college,  1650,  and  engaging  in  the  study  of  divin- 
ity, is  said  to  have  made  an  excellent  preacher,  but  was 
never  settled.  Is  also  said  to  have  possessed  good  talents 
and  great  learning.  It  may  be  allowed  that  he  had  a  great 
deal  of  some  kind  of  learning,  and  yet,  destitute  of  much 
solid  understanding  or  science.  This  no  one  will  doubt, 
when  informed  that  he  was  one  of  the  principal  judges,  who 
sat  and  conden  "'-d  so  many  unfortunate  persons  for  the 
imaginary  crime  of  witchcraft,  in  the  witch  age  of  Salem  ; 
and  to  add  to  his  misfortunes,  Dr.  Eliot  says,  that  "  he  was 
more  obstinate  in  his  errour  than  others  on  the  bench." 
When  Phips  left  the  government,  he  was  the  commander  in 
chief.  In  1700  he  was  again  in  the  ortice.  He  died  in  1702. 
At  his  expense  was  the  cAllogc  called  Stougliton  hall  built 
N.  E.  Biog.  444, 5 


FRKNCIl  AND  INDIAN  WARS.  217 

nnd  good  conduct.  I  do  by  tJiose  presents  consti- 
tute and  tippoint  you  to  ho  Major  of  the  said  sovctiil 
companies,  l)otli  fctiglislimcn  and  Indians,  raised  ("or 
his  Majesty's  service  upon  the  encouraj^ernent  afore- 
said. You  are  tlierefore  carefully  nnd  diligently  to 
perform  the  duty  of  your  place,  by  leading,  ordering, 
and  exercising  the  %aid  several  companies  in  arms, 
both  inferiour  officers  and  soldiers,  keeping  them  in 
good  order  and  discipline,  commanding  them  to 
obey  you  as  their  Major.  And  yourself  diligently 
to  intend  his  Majesty's  service  for  the  prosecuting, 
pursuing,  taking,  killing  or  destroying  the  said  ene- 
my by  sea  or  land ;  and  to  observe  all  such  orders 
and  instructions  as  you  shall  from  time  to  time  re- 
ceive from  myself,  or  commander  in  chief  for  the 
time  being,  according  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of 
war,  pursuant  to  the  trust  reposed  in  you.  (livim 
under  my  hand  and  seal  at  arms,  at  IJoston,  the 
third  day  of  August,  IGOC),  in  the  eighth  year  of  the 
I'.Mgn  of  our  sovereign  Lord  Wii.m.vh  the  III,  by 
the  grace  of  God,  of  England,  Scotland,  France, 
and  Ireland,  King,  defender  of  the  faith,  &.c. 

WILLIAM  STOUGIITON 
By  command  of  the  liieut.  Governour,  &-c. 

Isaac  Addington,  Sear." 

'^Province  of  Massachusetts  bay.  By  the  Right 
Honourable  the  Lieutenant  Governour  and  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 

Instructions  for  Major  Benjamin  Church,  Com- 
mander of  the  forces  raised  for  his  Majesty's  ser- 
vice, against  the  French  and  Indian  enemy  and 
rebels. 

Pursuant  to  the  commission  given  you,  you  are 
to  embark  the  forces  now  furnished  and  equipped 
for  his  Majesty's  service  on  the  present  expedition 
to  the  eastern  parts  of  this  province,  and  with  them, 
nnd  such  others  as  shall  offer  ..^emsclves  to  go  fcrlh 

K 


II 


il 


ui 


„,,,  i 


318 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


on  tho  snid  service,  to  siiil  unto  I'isctitiiqua,  to  join 
those  lately  dcspatciicd  tliitiicr  for  tin:  siiinu  cvpiMii- 
tiot),  to  await  your  comini^.  And  with  ti!!  curt;  and 
diligence  to  improve  the  vessels,  boats  and  tncn  un- 
der your  command  in  search  for,  prosecution  and 
pursuit  of,  the  said  enemy  at  sucii  |)laces  whert!  you 
may  be  informed  of  their  abode  or  n'sort,  or  where 
you  may  probably  expect  to  liinl,  or  meet  with  them, 
and  take  all  advuntu<;es  ai^ainst  them  which  provi- 
deuce  shall  favour  you  with. 

You  are  not  to  list  or  accept  any  soldiers  that  are 
alreaily  in  his  Majesty's  pay,  and  posted  at  any  town 
or  f^arrison  within  this  province,  without  special  onler 
from  myself. 

Vou  are  to  require  and  give  strict  orders  thii^  the 
duties  of  religion  bo  attended  on  boar<l  the  si'veral 
vessels,  and  in  the  several  companies  under  your  com- 
mand, by  daily  prayers  unto  (Jod,  and  reading  his 
holy  word,  and  observance  of  the  Lord's  day  to  tho 
utmost  you  can. 

You  are  to  see  that  your  soldiers  have  their  duo 
allowance  of  provisions,  and  otlitir  necessaries,  and 
that  the  sick  or  wounded  be  accommodated  in  the 
best  manner  your  circumstances  will  admit.  And 
that  good  order  and  command  may  be  kept  up  and 
maintained  in  the  severa'  companies,  and  all  disor- 
ders, drunkenness,  profane  cursing,  swearing,  disobe- 
dience of  officers,  mutinies,  omissions  or  neglect  of 
duty,  be  duly  punished  according  to  th(!  laws  mar- 
tial. And  you  are  to  recpiire  the  ('aptain  or  (^hit^f 
officer  of  each  company,  with  the  clerk  of  tin;  sumo 
to  keep  an  exact  journal  of  all  tUeir  proceedings^ 
from  time  to  time. 

In  case  any  r*f  tho  Indian  enemy  and  nibels  olfer 
to  submit  themselves,  yoti  are  to  receive  tluMU,  only 
at  discretion ;  but  if  you  thirdv  lit  to  improve  any  of 
them,  or  any  others  which  you  may  happen  to  take 
prisoners,  you  may  encourage  them  to  bo  faithful  by 


FRENCH  ANP  INDIAN  WARS. 


210 


tlio  i.rotnise  of  their  lives,  which  shall  bo  griinUHl 
upon  approhatioii  of  their  fidelity. 

Yon  are  carefully  to  look  after  the  Indians  which 
yon  have  out  of  the  prison,  so  that  thoy  may 
not  have  opportunity  to  escape  but  otherwise  im- 
prove th(.'in  to  what  advantage  you  can,  and  return 
•  hem  back  aj^ain  to  this  place. 

Y'>u  are  to  advise,  as  you  can  have  occasion,  witli 
Captii.n  John  (rorhain,  who  accompanies  you  in  tiiis 
expedition,  and  is  to  take  your  command  in  case  of 
yonr  death.  A  copy  of  these  instructions  ycwi  are 
to  leave  with  him,  and  to  give  mo  an  account  from 
time  to  time  of  your  proceedings. 

WILLIAM     STOUGIITON. 

Boston,  August  \2th,  1G90." 


In  the  time  [that]  Miijor  Church  lay  at  Boston,  the 
news  came  of  Penu;(|uid  fort's  being  taken.*    It  came 

•Tims  tlif  fort  wliich  liail  cost  llir*  country  an  iitimcnsr'  sntn 
of  motifv,  was  cntirolv  (loiiiolisln'il.  Tliis  wan  fort  Williiin 
Honry,  luiilt  in  llif>  la>-t  oxpodilion.  Two  inon  of  war  wore 
sont  from  Boston,  rarly  this  year,  (1G9G)  to  cruisp  oU'lli"  ri'<>r 
St.  .lolins,  foran  pxper.toil  French  store  slii]) ;  Imt  unhappily, 
the  French  at  (iunlieck  liad  ilospatclied  two  men  of  war  for 
llio  capture  of  the  above  sai<l  fort.  These  fell  in  with  the  two 
F.nRlish  vessels,  ami  Ir 'm^  .1  >ic  than  a  match  for  them,  ca;*- 
tureil  one,  called  •'  Newp  )rt,  the  other,  taking  ailvanta<;e 
of  a  foj;,  u;ot  l)aciv  i.>  Bjston,  The  French  now  proceedcil  to 
attack  the  for' ,  1>  ing  strengthened  |)v  the  addition  of  the 
Newport,  and  Bai-n  Ca^tinowith  200  Indians.  The  French 
were  comm  »nde(i  hy  one  Iberville,  "  a  brave  and  experieneed 
olficer,"  an  1  th*»  Knjjli^h  fort  by  one  Chubb,  withr.nt  brave- 
ry or  ex  I'H.cnce.  On  tiie  14  July,  Iberville  arrived  before 
the  fort,  and  immediatidy  sent  in  a  summons  for  its  surren- 
der. Chubb  returned  a  mere  gasconade  for  an  answer. 
Says  he,  "  If  the  sea  were  covered  with  French  vessels,  and 
the  land  with  Indians,  yet  I  would  not  givi:  up  the  fort." 
Some  firing  then  commenced  with  the  small  arrn-  nd  thus 
c'los"d  the  lirst  day.  The  night  following  Iber  .ii"  landed 
some  cannon  and  mortars,  and  by  the  next  day  it  3  of  the 
clock,  lial  so  raised  iiis  works  as  to  throw  r>  bom  >s  into  the 
fort,  to  the  great  terror  of  Chulib  and  his  1  't^n.  Vnd  to  add 
to  their  terror,  Castine  found  mea,ns  to  convey  a  letter  into 


1 


I 


1HL 


[11 


i    |. 


I  \ 


220 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


by  a  shallop  that  brought  some  prisoners  to  Boston 
who  gave  an  account,  also,  that  there  was  a  French 
ship  at  Mountdesart*  that  had  taken  a  ship  of  ours. 
So  the  discourse  was,  that  they  would  send  the  man 
of  war,f  with  other  forces  to  take  the  said  French 
ship,  and  retake  ours.  But  in  the  mean  time  Major 
Church  and  his  forces  being  ready,  embarked,  and  on 
the  fifteenth  day  of  August,  set  sail  for  Piscataqua, 
where  more  men  were  to  join  them.  (But  before 
they  left  Boston,  Major  Church  discoursed  with  the 
Captain  of  the  man  of  war,  who  promised  him,  [that] 
if  he  went  to  Mountdesart,  in  pursuit  of  the  French 
ship,  that  he  would  call  for  him  and  his  forces  at  Pis- 
cataqua, expecting  that  the  French  and  Indians 
might  not  be  far  from  the  said  French  ship,  so  that 
he  might  have  an  opportunity  to  fight  them  while  he 
was  engaged  with  the  French  ship.) 

Soon  after  the  forces  arrived  at  Piscataqua,  the 
Major  sent  his  Indian  soldiers  to  Colonel  Gidney,J  at 

the  fort,  importing,  that  "  if  they  held  out  the  Indians  would 
not  be  restrained,  for  he  had  seen  such  orders  from  the  King 
to  Iberville."  Upon  this  Chubb  surrendered  and  the  French 
demolished  the  fort.  Hutchinson,  II,  88  to  90.  Mather, 
Magnalia,  II,  549,  says,  that  the  fort  contained  "  95  men 
double  armed  which  miglit  have  defended  it  against  nine 
times  as  many  assailants."  Chubb  lived  at  Andover,  where 
in  February  following  he  was  killed  by  a  small  party  of 
about  30  Indians,  wh~  fell  upon  the  place.     lb.  554. 

•  Desert  it  should  be.  A  very  large  island  covering  the 
area  of  about  180  square  miles,  and  nearly  all  the  waters  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy  or  Frenchman's  bay.  It  was  named  Monts 
Deserts  by  Champlain,  in  honour,  perhaps,  of  De  Monts 
with  whom  he  had  formerly  sailed.  It  was  once  called  Mt. 
Mansell  by  the  English,  which,  Mr.  Savage  (in  Winthrop, 
I,  23)  thinks  was  so  called  in  honour  of  Sir  Robert  Mansell 
named  in  the  great  Charter. 

t  There  were  two  men  of  war  now  at  Boston,  which  with 
some  other  vessels  were  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy  and 
camo  in  sight  of  them,  but  elfected  nothing.  Hutchinson, 
11,91. 

t  Bartholomew  Gidney,  one  of  the  judges  of  1692,  whose 
name  is  sufficiently  perpet-nted  in  CalePs  "  More  Wonders 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


221 


Vork,  to  be  assisting  for  the  defence  of  those  places,* 
who  gave  them  a  good  commend  for  their  ready  and 
willing  services  don6  ;  in  scouting  and  the  like. 

Lying  at  Piscataqua  with  the  rest  of  our  foices 
near  a  week,  waiting  for  more  forces  who  were  to 
join  them,  to  make  up  their  complement.!  In  all 
which  time  heard  never  a  word  of  the  man  of  war. 
On  the  twentysecond  of  August,  they  all  embarked 
[from]*  Piscataqua.  And  when  they  came  against 
York,  the  Major  went  ashore,  sending  Captain  Gor- 
ham|  with  some  forces  in  two  brigantines  and  a  sloop, 
to  Winterharbour.  Ordering  him  to  send  out  scouts, 
to  see  if  they  could  make  any  discovery  of  the  ene- 
my, and  to  wait  there  till  he  came  to  them. 

Major  Church  coming  to  York,  Colonel  Gidncy 
told  iiim,  [that]  his  opinion  was,  that  the  enemy  was 
drawn  otf  from  those  parts  ;  for  that  the  scouts  could 
not  discover  any  of  them,  nor  their  tracks.  So  hav- 
ing done  his  business  there,  went  witn  what  forces  he 
had  there,  to  Winterharbour,  where  he  had  the  same 
account  from  Captain  Gorham,  [viz.,]  that  they  had 
not  discovered  any  of  the  enemy,  nor  any  new  tracks. 
So,  concluding  [that]  they  were  gone  from  those 
parts  towards  Penobscot,  the  Major  ordered  all  the 
vessels  to  come  to  sail,  and  make  the  best  of  their 

1  [for] 

of  the  Invisible  World."  He  was  an  associate  with  Haw- 
thorn and  Curwin,  in  executing;  the  laws  against  witchcraft. 
Smalltime  has  been  spent  for  more  information  of  him,  and 
as  little  has  been  found. 

•  The  French  were  expected  to  make  other  attempts 
along  the  coast,  which  they  threatened  after  their  success  at 
Pemmaquid. 

t  Their  whole  force,  it  appears  from  Hutchinson,  II,  91, 
was  500  men. 

I  Captain  John  Gorham  s*?ms  from  this  time  through  this 
and  the  other  expeditions  to  have  acted  a  conspicuous  part. 
1  have  found  no  other  accounts  t    him. 


M 


222 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


I.:  i 


way  to  Monhegin,*  whicli  being  not  far  from  Penob- 
scot, where  the  main  body  of  our  enemy's  living  was. 
Being  in  great  hopes  to  come  up  with  the  army  of 
French  and  Indians,  before  they  had  scattered  and 
gone  past  PenobfCDt,  or  Mountdesart,  which  is  the 
chief  place  of  their  departure  from  each  other  aftor 
such  actions. 

Having  a  fair  wind,  made  the  best  of  their  way, 
and  early  next  morning  they  got  into  Monhegin. 
And  there  lay  all  day  fitting  their  boats,  and  other 
necessaries  to  embark  in  the  night  at  Mussleneck-] 
with  their  boats.  Lyin^there  all  day  to  keep  undis- 
covered from  the  enemy.  At  night  the  Major  order- 
ed the  vessels  all  to  come  to  sail,  and  carry  the  for- 
ces over  the  bayj  near  Penobscot.  But  having  little 
wind,  he  ordered  all  the  soldiers  to  embark  on  board 
the  boats  with  eight  days  provision,  and  sent  the  ves- 
sels back  to  Monhegin,  that  they  might  not  be  dis- 
covered by  the  enemy ;  giving  them  orders,  when 
and  where  they  should  come  to  him. 

The  forces  being  all  ready  in  their  boats,  rowing 
very  hard,  got  ashore  at  a  point  near  Penobscot.§ 
jufit  as  the  day  broke.  [They]^  hid  their  boats,  and 
keeping  a  good  look  out  by  sea,  and  sent  out  scouts 
by  land,  but  could  not  discover  either  canoes  or  In- 
dians. What  tracks  and  fire  places  they  saw  were 
judged  to  be  seven  or  ei-jiit  days  before  they  came. 
As  soon  as  night  came,  that  they  might  go  undis- 
covered, got  into  their  boats,  and,  went  by  Mussle- 
neck, and  so  amongst  Penobscot  islands,  looking  very 
sharp  as  they  went,  for  fires  on  the  shore,  and  for 
canoes  but  found  neither. 

1  [and] 

•  An  island  on  the  east  side  of  Kcnnebcck  river,  and  about 
10  miles  from  the  main,  celebrated  as  the  place  where  Cant 
John  Smith  landed  in  1614  ;  here  he  built  some  houses,  (ha 
remains  of  which  were  to  be  seen  when  Judge  Sullivan  wrote 
his  history.     It  is  spelt  Monheagan. 

t  A  point  in  Monheagan  island. 

{  The  bay  of  Penobscot.  §  Mouth  of  the  river. 


'i'i 

I  ! 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


S23 


Getting  up  to  Mathebestucks  hills,  [and]  day  com- 
ing on,  landed  and  hid  their  boats ;  looking  out  for 
the  enemy,  as  the  day  before,  but  to  little  purpose. 
Night  coming  on,  to  their  oars  again,  working  very 
hard ;  turned  night  into  day,  [which]  made  several 
ot  their  new  soldiers  grumble.  But  telling  them 
[that]  they  hoped  to  come  up  quickly  with  the  enemy 
put  new  life  into  them.  By  daylight  they  got  into  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  where  landing,  found  many  ren- 
dezvous, and  fireplaces,  where  the  Indians  had  been  ; 
but  ^t  the  same  space  of  time  as  beforementioned. 
And  no  canoes  passed  up  the  river  that  day.  Their 
pilot,  Joseph  York,*  informed  the  Major,  that  fifty 
or  sixty  miles  up  that  river,  at  the  great  falls,  the  ene- 
my had  a  great  rendezvous,  and  planted  a  great 
quantity  of  corn,  when  he  was  a  prisoner  with  tliem, 
four  years  ago ;  and  that  he  was  very  well  acquaint- 
ed there.  This  gave  great  encouragement  to  have 
'*!id  some  considerable  advantage  of  tlie  enemy  at 
i'.  it  place. 

So  using  their  utmost  endeavours  to  get  up  there 
undiscovered.  And  coming  there  found  no  enemy, 
nor  corn  planted  ;  they  having  deserted  the  place. 
And  ranging  about  the  falls  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
leaving  men  on  the  east  side  of  the  said  river,  and 
the  boats  just  below  the  falls,  with  a  good  guard  to 
secure  them,  and  to  take  the  enemy  if  they  came 
down  the  river  in  their  canoes.  The  west  side  being 
the  place  where  the  enemy  lived  and  best  to  travel 
on,  they  resolved  to  range  as  privately  as  they  could. 
A  mile  or  two  above  the  falls,  [they]  discovered  a 
birch  canoe  coming  down  with  two  Indians  in  it. 
The  Major  sent  word  immediately  back  to  those  at 
the  falls,  to  lie  very  close,  and  let  them  pass  down 
the  f'llls,  and  to  take  them  alive,  that  he  might  have 
intelligence  where  the  enemy  were,  (which  would 

»  York  probably  belongpil  hero,  for  it  appears  from  Sulli- 
van, 14fi.  lliat  persons  of  this  name  were  among  the  early 
proprietors  of  the  Ian  \s  of  Kennebeck. 


-11,  I 


234 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


have  been  a  great  advantage  to  them.)  But  a  foolish 
soldier  seeing  *hem  pass  by  him,  shot  at  them,  con- 
trary to  orders  given,  which  preve  ted  them  [from] 
goi'  /  into  the  ambuscade,  that  was  laid  for  them. 
\V1  >,reupon  several  more  of  our  men  being  near, 
sliot  at  them.  So  that  one  of  ti.em  could  not  stand 
when  he  got  ashore,  but  crept  a'vay  into  the  brusli. 
Th*^  other  stepped  out  of  the  canoe  with  his  paddle 
in  ins  hand,  and  ran  about  a  rod  and  then  threw  down 
his  paddle,  and  turned  back  and  took  up  his  gun, 
and  so  escaped.  One  of  our  Indians  swam  over  the 
river,  and  fetched  the  canoe^  wherein  was  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  blood  on  the  seats  that  the  Indians 
sat  on,  [and]  the  canoe  had  several  holes  shot  in  her. 
They  stopped  the  holes,  and  then  Captain  Bracket* 
with  an  Indian  soldier,  went  over  the  river,  [and]' 
tracked  them  by  the  blood  about  half  a  mile,  [where 
they]  found  his  gun,  took  it  up  and  seeing  the  blood 
no  further,  concluded  that  he  stopped  [it,]'"*  and  so 
got  away. 

In  the  mean  time,  another  canoe  with  three  men 
were  coming  down  the  river,  [and  being]'*  fired  at 
by  some  of  our  forces,  ran  ashore,  and  left  two  of 
their  guns  in  the  canoe,  which  were  taken ;  and  al- 
so a  letter  from  a  priest  to  Casteen,  [giving]*  him  an 
account  of  the  FreiK-h  and  Indians  returning  over 
the  lake  to  Mountroyal,|  and  of  their  little  service 
done  upon  the  MatjuatiJ  Indians  westward  ;  only  de- 
1  [who]      2  [his  blood]      3  [were]       *  [that  gave] 

*  The  same  pe.-son  mentioned  at  page  166. 

t  Montreal. 

I  This  was  the  name  given  liy  the  Dutch  to  the  Fivena- 
tions  of  Indians.  See  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.  II,  44.  By  th  > 
French  they  were  called  Irofjuois,  bet  voen  whom  their  wars 
wee  almost  perpetual.  An  account  of  what  is  hinted  at  in 
the  text  may  be  seen  in  Smith's  Newvork  !17,  149,  and  N. 
Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.  J',  67,  03.  The  expedi  i  was  executed 
under  count  De  Frontenac  now  (1696)  Gt>\  i  nour  of  Cana- 
da. He  had  assembled  a  great  body  of  his  friend  Indians 
from  different  nations,  which  he  joined  wttli  two  battalions 


!  Ill 


FRENCH  AND    NDIAN  WARS. 


2io 


molisliing  one 


Ml 


fort,  and  cutting  down  some  corn, 
lie  desiring  to  hear  of  the  proceedings  of  De- 
borihuel,  and  tlie  French  man  of  war.  And  inform- 
ed him  that  there  were  several  canoes  coming  with 
workmen  from  Quebeck,  to  St.  'Johns.*  Where 
since,  we  concluded,  it  was  to  build  a  fort,  at  the 
river's  mouth,  when  the  great  guns  were  taken,  &,c 
It  being  just  night,  the  officers  were  called  to- 
gether to  advise,  and  their  pilot,  York,  informed 
them  of  a  fort  up  that  river,  an*i  that  it  was  built  on 
a  little  island  in  that  river:  and  that  there  was  no 
getting  to  it,  but  in  canoes,  or  on  the  ice  in  the 
wmler  lime.  This  with  the  certain  knowledge  that 
we  were  discovered  by  the  enemy  that  escaped  out 
of  the  upper  canoe,  concluded  it  not  proper,  at  that 
time,  to  proceed  any  further  up  ;  and  that  there  was 
no  getting  any  further  with  our  boats  ;  and  the  ene- 
my being  alarmed,  would  certainly  fly  from  them 
(and  do  as  they  did  four  years  ago  at  their  fort  at 
Taconock.  Having  fought  them  in  Kennebeck  river, 
and  pursued  them  about  thirty  miles  to  Taconock, 
they  then  set  their  fort  on  fire,  and  ran  away  by  the 
light  of  it,  ours  not  being  able  to  come  up  with  them 
at  that  place.) 

of  regulars.  They  left  Montreal  about  the  first  of  July,  and 
with  the  greatest  difficulty  penetrated  about  200  miles  into 
the  wilderness.  Nothing  was  elTected  by  this  great  army, 
but  the  burning  of  a  few  Indian  huts,  and  torturing  a  few 
prisoners.  One  circumstance  of  the  latter,  as  a  striking  ex- 
ample of  magnanimity,  on  the  one  side,  and  more  than  sav 
age  barbarity  on  the  other,  shall  be  related.  On  the  ap- 
proach of  the  Count  with  his  army  to  an  Indian  town,  it  was 
drserted  by  all  its  inhabitants,  except  an  aged  chief,  of  near 
100  years.  He  was  immediately  put  to  torment.  One 
stabbed  him  with  a  knife,  at  which  lie  exclaimed,  "  You  had 
better  make  me  die  by  fire,  that  theue  French  dogs  may  learn 
how  to  sutler  like  men,"  Stc.  He  continued  firm  until  he 
expired  rndcr  the  most  excruciating  torture  that  could  be 
invented. 

*  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Johns,  in  what  is  now  N. 
Brunswick. 

K        15 


S26 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


il 


Major  Church  then  encouraging  his  soldiers,  told 
thcni,  [that]  he  hoped  thej'  should  meet  with  part  of 
the  enemy  in  Penobscot  bay,  or  at  Mountdesart 
where  the  Frcnoli  ships  were.  So,  notwithstanding 
they  had  been  rowing  several  nights  before,  with 
much  toil,  besides  were  short  of  provisions,  thoy 
cheerfully  embarked  on  board  their  boats,  and  went 
down  the  river  both  with  and  against  the  tide.  And 
next  morning  came  to  their  vessels,  where  the  Major 
haa  ordered  them  to  meet  him,  who  could  give  him 
no  intelligence  of  any  enemy.  Where  being  come 
they  refreshed  themselves.  Meeting  then  with  ano- 
ther disappointment ;  for  their  pilot,  York,  not  be- 
ing acquainted  any  further,  they  began  to  lament 
the  loss  of  one  Ptobert  Cawley,  whom  they  chiefly 
depended  on  for  all  the  service  to  be  done  now 
eastward.  He  having  been  taken  away  from  them 
the  niglit  before  they  set  sail  from  Boston  (and  was 
on  board  Mr.  Tliorp's  sloop)  and  put  on  board  the 
man  of  war  unknown  to  Major  Church,  notwithstand- 
ing he  had  been  at  the  trouble  and  charge  of  pro- 
curing liim.  Then  the  Major  was  obliged  to  one 
Bord,*  procured  by  Mr.  William  Alden,  who  being 
acquainted  in  those  parts,  to  leave  his  vessel,  and 
go  with  him  in  the  boats,  which  he  readily  complied 
with,  and  so  went  to  Nasketf  point,  where  being  in 
formed  was  a  likely  place  to  meet  the  enemy.  Com 
ng  there,  found  soverai  houses  and  small  lields  of 
corn,  the  (ires  having  been  out  several  days,  and  no 
m  w  tracks.  But  upon  Penobscot  island  they  found 
several  Indian  houses,  corn  and  turnips.  Tiiough 
the  enemy  still  being  all  gone,  as  beforementioned. 

Then  they  diviil(;d,  and  sent  their  boats  some  one 
way,  and  some  another,  t'. inking,  that  if  any  strag- 
gling Inflians,  or  Castocn  himself,  sliould  be  Ihere- 

•Tlic  namo  of  Bord  or  rallier  Boad  as  Sullivan  has  it,  is 
found  among  the  first  inhabitants  of  Saco.  Hist.  Maine,  218. 

t  Or  Nauscag,  in  tlie  town  of  Woolwich  on  the  cast  side  ot 
the  Kennebeck. 


II.. 


llhere- 


,  side  ol 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  VVAK9. 


227 


aliout,  they  niiglit  find  tliein,  but  it  proved  all  in 
-vain.  Ilimsell'  and  several  boats  went  to  Mountde- 
sart,  to  see  if  the  French  ships  were  gone,  and 
whether  any  of  the  enemy  might  be  there,  but  to  no 
purpose ;  the  ships  being  gone  and  the  enemy  also. 
They  being  now  got  sev^rul  leagues  to  the  westward 
of  their  vesseis,  and  seeing  that  the  way  was  clear 
for  their  vessels  to  pass ;  and  all  their  extreme  row- 
ing, and  travelling  by  land  and  water,  night  and  day, 
to  be  all  in  vain.  (The  enemy  having  left  those 
parts  as  they  judged,  about  eight  or  ten  days  before.) 
And  then  returning  to  their  vessels,  the  commander 
calling  all  his  officers  together,  to  consult  and  re- 
solve what  to  do ;  concluding  that  the  enemy,  by 
some  means  or  other,  had  received  some  intelligence 
of  tiieir  being  coma  out  against  them  ;  and  that  they 
were  in  no  necessity  to  come  down  to  the  sea  side 
as  yet,  moose  and  beaver  now  being  fat. 

They  then  agreed  to  go  so  far  east,  and  employ 
themselves,  tliat  the  enemy  belonging  to  these  parts, 
might  think  [that]  they  were  gone  home.  Having 
some  discourse  about  going  over  to  St.  Johns,  But 
the  masters  of  the  vessels  said,  [tliatj  [theyj'  had  as 
good  carry  them  to  old  France,  Slc,  which  nut  oil' 
ihat  design.  (They  concluding  that  the  French  ships 
were  there.)  Then  the  Major  moved  for  going  over 
the  bay  towards  Lahane,*  and  t  irds  the  gut  of 
Cancer,f  where  w  as  another  considerable  fort  of  In- 
dians, who  often  came  to  the  assistance  of  our  ene- 
my, the  barbarous  Indians.  Saying,  that  by  the 
time  they  should  return  again,  the  enemy  belonging 
to  these  parts  would  come  down  again,  cx[)ecting 
that  wo  were  gone  home.  But  in  short,  could  not 
prevail  with  the  masters  of  the  open  sloops  to  von- 
J_[he] 

'  •  This  name  is  spelt  Layhone  in  a  succeeding  page. 

t  Properly,  Canreau,  and  pronounced  Canso.  It  is  the 
Btrait  Itelwrrii  Cupp  Breton  island  an<i  Novaatotia  connect- 
ing the  Atlantic  with  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 


228 


FRENCH  AND  iNDlAN  WAUS. 


ture  ficross  the  bay.*     [Tiioy]'  said  [that]  it  was 
very  dangerous  so  late  in  the  year,  and  as  much  as  • 
their  lives      ;re  worth,  &c. 

Then  they  concluded  and  resolved  to  go  to  Sc- 
nactaca,f  wherein  there  was  a  ready  compliance. 
(But  the  want  of  their  pilot,  Robert  Cawley,  was  a 
great  damage  to  them,  who  knew  all  those  parts.) 
However,  Mr.  John  Alden,  master  of  the  brigantine  En- 
deavour, piloted  them  up  the  bay  to  Senactaca.  And 
coming  to  Grinstorwl  point,  being  not  far  from  Se- 
nactaca, then  came  to,  with  all  the  vessels,  and  ear- 
ly next  morning  came  to  sail,  ^m\  about  sunrise  got 
into  town.  But  it  being  so  late  before  we  landed, 
that  the  enemy,  most  of  them,  made  their  escape. 
And  as  it  happened  [we]  landed  where  the  French 
and  Indians  had  some  time  before  killed  Lieutenant 
John  Paine,§  and  several  of  Captain  Smithson'smcn, 
that  were  with  said  Paine.  They  seeing  our  forces 
coming,  took  the  opportunity,  fired  several  guns, 
and  so  ran  all  into  the  woods,  [and]  carried  all  or 
most  part  of  their  goods  with  them.  One  Jarman 
Bridgwayll  came  running  towards  our  forces,  with  a 

1  [who] 

•Bay  of  Fundy. 

t  This,  I  presume,  is  what  is  called  Signecto  in  Gov.  Dud- 
ley's instructions  to  Col  Church  for  the  lifth  pxpedition.  It 
is  since  written  Chignecto,  and  is  the  northern  arm  of  the 
bay  between  Novascotia  and  Newbrunswick.  Here  the  tide 
rises  and  falls  60  feet. 

1 1  suppose  the  reader  would  got  over  this  word  better, 
were  it  spelt  hetler.  But  the  alteration  would  be  immaterial, 
as  it  is  the  name  of  a  place. 

§  The  same,  I  presume,  who,  in    1676-7,  assisted  Major 
Waldion  in   setllinj^  a  treaty  with  the  eastern  Indians      I 
learn  no  more  of  him  than  is  found  in  Mr.  Hubbard's  Nar 
349,  &.C,     Of  Smithson  I  learn  nothing. 

II  Charlevoix,  who  was  better  acquainted  with  French 
names  than  our  author,  calls  him  Bourgenis.  He  was  one 
of  the  principal  inhabitants  of  the  place.  See  Hist.  Mas.  II. 
92,  93.  Hutchinson,  ib.,  says,  that  "Church  calls  him  Bridg. 
man."  Perhaps  he  did  in"  his  despatches,  but  it  is  not  so 
spelt  in  my  copy. 


ich 
)ne 
U. 

so 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2i9 


gun  in  one  hand,  and  his  cartridge  box  in  the  other, 
[and]  calling  to  our  forces  to  stop,  that  he  might 
speak  with  them.  But  Major  Church  thinking  [that 
this]*  was  [done]  that  they  might  have  gome  advan- 
tage, ordered  them  to  run  on.  When  the  said 
IJridgvvay  saw  [jhat]  they  would  not  stop,  tut-ned 
and  ran.  But  the  Major  called  unto  him,  and  bid 
him  stop,  or  he  should  be  shot  down.  Some  of  our 
forces  being  near  to  the  said  Bridgway,  said,  [tlmt] 
it  ^'.as  the  General  that  called  to  him.  He  hearing 
t'lat,  stopped  and  turned  about,  laying  down  his  gun, 
stood,  till  the  Major  came  up  to  him.  His  desire 
was,  that  the  commander  would  make  haste  with 
him  to  his  house,  lest  the  savag  i*  should  kill  his 
father  and  mother,  who  were  upward  of  four  score 
years  of  age,  ard  could  not  go.  The  Major  asked 
the  said  Bridgway  vvhetlier  there  were  any  Indians 
amongst  them,  and  w'lcre  they  lived?  He  shakcd 
his  head,  and  said,  he  durst  not  tell,  for  if  lie  did. 
they  would  take  an  opportunity,  and  kill  him  and 
his.  So  all  that  could  be  got  out  of  him  was,  that 
they  were  run  into  the  woods  with  the  rest. 

Then  orders  were  given  to  pursue  the  enemy, 
and  to  kill  what  Indians  they  could  find,  and  take 
the  French  alive,  and  give  them  quarter  if  they  ask- 
ed it. 

Our  forces  soon  took  three  Frenchmen,  who,  up- 
on examination,  said,  that  the  Indians  were  all  run 
into  the  wo«ds.  The  French  firing  several  guns, 
and  ours  at  them.  But  they  being  better  acquain- 
ted with  the  woods  thai;  ours,  got  away.  The  Ma- 
jor took  the  abuvesaid  Jarman  Bridgway  for  a  pilot, 
ar.d  vvitii  some  of  his  forces  went  over  a  river;  to 
several  of  their  houses,  but  the  people  were  goiie, 
and  [had]  carried  their  goods  with  tiiem.  In  rang- 
ing the  woods  [they]  found  several  Indian  houses, 

Uit] 

•  Church's  savajies. 


i* 


m 


r 


l.*30 


rUKNCtI  AND  INDIAN  WAuS. 


their  fires  being  just  out,  but  no  Indians.  Spending 
that  day  in  ranging  to  and  fro,  found  considcrab  o 
of  their  goods,  and  but  few  people.  At  night  tho 
Major  wrote  a  letter,  ui'd  si^it  out  two  fVench  pri- 
soners, where  n  was  signified,  that  if  they  would 
come  in,  they  should  liave  good  quarters.  Tho 
next  day  several  came  in,  which  did  belong  to 
that  part  of  the  town  where  our  forees  first  land- 
ed, [and]'  had  encouragements  given  them  by 
our  commander,  [viz.,]  that  if  tlicy  would  assist 
him  in  taking  those  liidiuns,  vvliieh  belonged  to 
those  parts,  tliey  should,  have  their  goods  re- 
turned to  them  again,  and  their  estates  should 
not  be  demnified ;  [but]^  thcv  reiiised.*  Then 
the  Major  and  his  forces  pursued  their  design. f 
1  [who]  ;J  [which] 

•  What  Hutchin«on,  II,  92,  ohsorvos  ivnicprninn;  lliis  very 
spvpre  requisition,  is  too  just  to  Im  un;iniiiT(l.  "  Tliis  was  a 
hard  condition,  and  in  etVcct,  oliIijiinR  thmn  to  quit  thnir 
country  ;  for  otlicrwise,  as  soon  as  tho  Kii{.;lish  liad  Irit  theuj 
without  suHlciont  protection,  {]<:•  inoonscd  Iinlians  would 
have  fell  upon  them  witliout  mercy." 

t  "  Charlevoix  sajs,  fin  Hist.  Ma=.  11,  0^,  93,)  that  Bour- 
j^eois  ))roduced  a  writing,  by  whieii  Sir  William  Pbips  had 
Riven  assurances  of  protection  to  tiie  inhabitants  ofChignec- 
to,  whilst  they  remained  faithful  subjects  of  Kin^  William  ; 
and  that  Church  gave  orders  that  nothing  in  their  houses, 
&.C.,  should  be  toucheil  ;  but  whilst  he  was  enlortained  by 
Bourgeois,  together  with  the  princi|)?l  olTicers,  the  rest  of  the 
army  dispersed  themselves  among  the  otlio>' houses  and  be- 
r.aved  as  if  they  had  been  in  a  conquered  colintry."  And, 
"  that  many  of  the  inhabitants,  not  trusting  to  t^e  promises 
of  the  General  [Churcli]  refused  to  come  in,  andtliat  it  was 
very  well  they  did  ;  for  soon  after  be  bro!;e  through  all 
boundf,  and  left  oidy  the  church  and  a  few  Louses  and  barns 
standing  ;  and  having  discovered,  posted  up  in  the  church, 
an  order  of  Fro-itenac,  the  Govcrnour  of  Canada,  ior  the  re- 
gulation of  trade,  he  threatened  to  treat  them  as  rebels,  set 
fire  to  the  church,  and  the  houses  which  lie  had  spared  and 
which  were  no'.v  all  reduced  to  ashes  ;  and  having  d)ne  this, 
Le  presented  a  writing  which  he  told  them  was  an  acUnowl- 
edgomeut  of  their  having  renewed  their  subjection  to  King 
William,  and  would  be  a  security  to  them  in  case  any  Eng- 
lish should  again  land  among  then.."     Before  regarding  this 


FIIK    CIl  AND  INDIAN  WAuS. 


231 


And  went  further  ranging  their  country,  found  seve- 
ral more  houses,  but  the  people  [had]  lied,  and  car-, 
ricd  what  they  had  away.  But  in  a  creek  [theyj 
found  a  prize  baik,  that  was  brought  in  there  by  a 
French  privateer.  In  ranging  tlie  woods,  took  some 
prisoners,  who  upon  examination  gave  our  comman- 
der an  account,  that  there  were  some  Indians  upon 
a  neck  of  land,  towards  Menis.* 

So  a  party  of  n>on  was  sent  into  tl.ose  woods.     In 
their  ranging  about  the  said  neck,  found  somo  plun- 
der, and  a  considerable  quantify  of  whortleberries, 
both  green  and  dry,  which  were  gathered  by  the  In- 
dians.    [They]'  had  like  to  have  taken  two  Indians; 
[but]^  by  the  help  of  a  birch  canoe  [they]  got  over 
the  river,  find  miide  their  escape.     Also  tlicy  found 
two  barrels  of  powder,  and  near  half  a  bushel  of  bul- 
lets.    The  French  denyin;'  [them]^  to  be  theirs,  [and] 
said  [that]  they  were  the  .■ravages;  but  sure  it  might 
be  a  supply  for  our  enemies.     Also,  they  took  from 
Jarman   Bridgvvay  several   barrels    of  powder,   with 
bullets,  shot,  spears  and  knives,  and  other  suppTK^s 
to  relieve  our  enemies.     He  owned  that  he  hud  been 
trading  with  those  Indians  along  Cape  Sablef  shore, 
with  Peter  Assnow ;  and,  that  lliere  he  met  with  the 
French  ships,  and  went  along  with  them  to  St.  Johns, 
and  helped  them  to  unload  the  said  ships,  and  car- 
ried up  the  river  provisions,  ammunition  and  other 
goods  to  Vilboon's  fort.  J 

The    Major  having  ranged  all   places   that  were 
thought  proper,  returned  bac'-  m  the  place  where 
1  [and]  2  [who]  a  [it] 

account  as  perfectly  correct,  it  should  be  re-nemhered  that 
the  Jesuit  Charlevoix  ever  portrays  the  affairs  of  the  French 
in  amiable  colours. 

•  On  a  basin  of  the  east  arm  of  the  bay  between  Novasco 
tia  and  Newbrunswick.  Morse  spells  the  word  two  wtys 
viz.,  Mines  and  Minas. 

fThc  southwest  point  of  Novascotia. 
X  This  fort  was  upon  the  river  St.  Johns. 


299 


FRKNCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


they  fiist  laii(k'<l.  And  fiMdijis?  several  prisoners  eotno 
•  in,  vvlio  were  troubled  to  see  tlieir  niltle,  slieep,  \io<rn 
and  do<;s  lyi»j?  deiid  about  their  houses,  ehopped  iind 
hacked  with  hutcliets,  (wliieh  wuschme  without  ordiit 
from  the  Major.)  However,  ho  told  them,  [ihatj  it 
wus  nothing  to  what  our  poor  Kngbsh,  in  our  fnuitier 
towns,  were  iurced  to  look  upon.  For  men,  wt.nuui 
and  children  were  chopped  and  hacked  so,  and  left 
half  dead,  with  all  their  scal|)s  taken  oil';  and  that 
they  and  their  Indians  served  ours  so ;  and  our  sava- 
ges would  be  glud  to  serve  them  so  too,  if  ho  woidd 
permit  thern,  which  caused  them  to  bo  mighty  sub- 
missive. And  [they]  begged  the  Major  tluit  he  would 
not  let  the  savages  serve  them  so. 

Our  Indians  being  somewhat  sensible  of  the  dis- 
course, desired  to  iiuve  some  of  them  to  roast,  and  so 
to  make  a  dance.  And  dancing  in  a  hideous  man- 
ner, to  terrify  them,  said,  that  they  could  eat  any 
sort  of  Hesh,  and  that  some  of  tluiirs  wouKI  make 
tlieir  hearts  strong.  [And]  stepping  up  to  some  of 
the  prisoners,  said  that  they  must  ha\i  their  scalps, 
which  much  terrified  the  poor  prisoners,  who  boggcjd 
for  their  lives.  The  Major  told  them  [that]  he  did 
not  design  the  savages  should  hurt  them;  but  it  was 
to  let  ihem  see  a  little  what  the  poor  Mnglish  felt, 
saying,  [that]  it  was  not  their  scalps  [that]  he  want- 
ed, but  tlie  savages;  for  he  should  get  nothing  by 
them  ;  and  told  them,  that  their  fathers,  the  friars  and 
Governours  encouraged  their  savages,  and  gave  them 
money  to  scalp  our  English,  notwithstanding  they 
were  with  them,  which  several  of  our  Knglisli,  there 
|)rcsent,  did  testify  to  their  faces,  that  tlieir  fathers 
and  mothers  were  served  so  in  their  sigiit. 

But  tiie  Major  bid  them  tell  their  fathers,  (t!)0  fri- 
ars and  Governours,)  that  if  they  still  persisted,  and 
let  their  wretched  savages  kill  and  destroy  the  |K)or 
Knglisli  at  that  rate,  he  would  come  with  some  hun- 
dreds of  savages,  and  let  them  loose  amongst  them, 
who  would  kill,  scalp,  and  carry  away  every  French 


FRRNCII  AN      INDIAN  WARS. 


233 


person  in  all  those  parts  ,  for  tlioy  wore  the  root  from 
whence  all  llie  branehes  cyanic,  that  hurt  us.  For 
the  IndiuiiH  couUl  not  (h>  us  any  liarni,  if  they  [the 
French]  did  not  relieve  and  su[)|)ly  them.  The 
French  bein<»  sciisihlc  of  the  Major's  kinchiess  to 
them,  kissed  his  hand,  and  were  very  thankfid  to  liirn' 
for  liis  favour  to  them  in  savinj^  their  lives.  [They] 
owned  that  thtiir  priests*  were  at  the  takir.g  of  Petne- 
quid  fort, -and  vere  now  gone  to  Layhone,  with  some 
of  thelndians,  to  meet  ihe  French  shi[>s,  but  for  wliat, 
they  would  not  tell. 

The  comma.ider,  with  his  forces,  having  lone  ail 
they  could  in  thosf  part.",  concluded  to  ,^0  to  St- 
Johns  river,  to  do  further  service  for  their  King  antl 
country;  [so]  embarked  all  on  board  their  trans- 
ports.! And  iiavieg  a  fair  wind,  soon  got  to  Motio- 
genestjj  which  iie;i  a  little  distance  from  the  mouth 
of  St.  Johns  riv(;r. 

Next  morning  early,  the  Major  with  his  forces, 
landed  to  see  what  discovery  they  ciiild  make;  [s( 
they]  travelled  across  the  woods  to  the  old  fort  o: 
falls  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Johns  river,  keeping  them- 
selves Undiscover(;d  from  the  enemy.  Finding  tlijtt 
there  were  several  men  at  work,  and  having  informed 
themselves  as  much  as  they  could,  (the  enemy  being 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  could  not  come  at 
them)  returned  back.  But  night  coming  on,  and 
dark  wet  weather,  with  bad  travelling,  were  obliged 
to  stop  in  the  woods  till  towards  next  day  morning, 
and  then  went  on  board. 

Soon  after  the  Major  ordered  all  the  vessels  to 
come  to  sail,  and  go  into  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
[That]  being  done,  it  was  not  long  beii  •  the  Major 
and  his  forces  landed  on  the  east  sitt,  ''(  the  river, 
tne  French   firing  briskly  at  them,  but  did  them  no 


*  Castine  was  mentioned  as  being  there. 
319. 

t  On  the  20  September. 

t  On  the  nortli  side  of  the  river. 


See  note,  page 


234 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  \VARS. 


harm.  And  running  fiercely  upon  the  enemy,  they 
goon  fled  into  the  woods.  Tlie  Major  ordered  a  brisk 
party  to  run  across  a  neck  to  cut  ihem  off  from  their 
canoes,  which  the  day  before  they  Iiad  made  a  dis- 
covery of.  So  the  commander,  with  the  rest,  ran 
directly  towards  the  new  fort  [that]  tiiey  were  buihl- 
ing,  not  knowing  but  [that]  they  had  some  ordnance 
mounted.  The  enemy  running  directly  to  their  ca- 
noes, were  met  by  our  forces,  v/ho  fired  at  them  and 
killed  one,  and  wounded  Corporal  Canton,  who  was 
taken.  The  rest  threw  dov/n  what  they  had,  and  ran 
into  the  woods.  The  said  prisoner.  Canton,  being 
brought  to  the  Major,  told  him,  [that]  if  he  would 
let  his  surgeon  dress  his  wound  and  cure  him,  he 
would  be  serviceable  to  him  as  long  as  he  lived.  So 
being  dressed,  he  was  examined.  [Ile]^  gave  the 
Major  an  account  of  the  twelve  great  guns  which 
.vere  hid  in  the  beach,  below  high  water  mark. 
(The  carriages,  shot,  and  wheelbarrows,  some  flour 
and  pork,  all  hid  in  the  woods.) 

The  next  morning  the  ollicers  being  all  ordered 
to  meet  together,  to  consult  about  going  to  Vilboon's 
fort,  and  none  amongst  them  being  acquainted 
but  the  Aldens,  who  said,  [that]  the  water  in  the 
river  was  very  low,  so  that  they  could  not  get  up  to 
tlie  fort ;  and  the  prisoner.  Canton,  told  the  Com- 
mander, that  what  the  Aldens  said  was  true.  So 
not  being  willing  to  make  a  Canada  expedition,  con- 
cluded [that]  it  was  not  practicable  to  proceed.* 
'i'lien  ordered  some  of  the  forces  to  get  the  great 
guns  on  board  the  open  sloops,  and  the  rest  to  range 
the  woods  for  the  enemy,  who  took  one  prisoner  and 
brought  [him]  in.  [Tliey]"  in  their  ranging,  found 
there  a  shallop,  hauled  in  a  creek.  And  a  day  or 
two  after  there  came  in  a  young  soldier  to  our  forces, 
1  [Who]  2  [who] 

•  Tho  unsuccfssful  alfempt  on  Qiipberk  by  Sir  William 
Phips,  which  was  rendered  abortive  by  the  lateness  of  the 
fceason. 


FRENCH  AND  INDl  VN  WARS. 


235 


who  upon  examination,  gave  an  account  of  two  more 
which  he  left  in  the  woods  at  some  distance.  So 
immediately  the  Major  with  some  of  his  forces  went 
in  pursuit  of  them,  taking  the  said  prisoner  with 
them,  who  conveyed  them  to  the  place  where  he  left 
them,  but  they  were  gone.  [They]  then  asked  the 
prisoner,  whether  there  were  any  Indians  in  those 
parts'?  [He]  said  No,  [that]  it  was  as  hard  for  Vilhoou 
their  (Jovernour,  to  get  an  Indian  down  to  the  water 
side,  as  it  was  fi)r  him  to  carry  one  of  those  great 
guns  on  his  back  to  his  fort.  For  they  having  had 
intelligence  by  a  prisoner  out  of  Bo'^ton  jail,  that 
gave  tliem  an  account  of  Major  Ciiurch  and  his  for- 
ces coming  out  against  them. 

Now,  having  with  a  great  deal  of  pains  and  trou- 
ble, got  all  the  guns,  shot,  and  other  stores  aboard, 
intended  [to  proceed]  on  our  de^..,^l,  which  we  came 
out  first  for.  But  the  wind  not  serving,  the  com- 
mander sent  out  his  scouts  into  the  woods  to  seek 
for  the  enemy.  And  four  of  our  Indians  came  upon 
three  Frenchmen  undiscovered,  who  concluded,  that 
if  the  French  should  discover  them,  [they]  would 
fire  at  them,  and  might  kill  one  or  more  of  them  ; 
which,  to  prevent,  fired  at  the  French,  killed  one, 
and  took  the  other  two  prisoners.  And  it  happened 
(hat  ho  who  was  killed,  was  Shanelere,  the  chief 
man  tiiore,  &.c. 

'i'lie  same  day  they  mended  their  whale  boats, 
and  the  shalh  p  which  they  took;  fitting  her  to  row 
with  eight  oars,  that  she  might  be  helpful  to  their 
prosecuting  their  intended  design  against  the  enemy, 
in  tlieir  returning  homeward.  Then  the  commander 
ordering  all  the  officers  to  come  together,  informed 
them  oif  his  intentions  ;  and  ordered  that  no  vessel? 
.should  depart  from  the  fleet,  but  to  attend  Ine  mo- 
tions of  their  Commodore,  as  formerly  ;  except  they 
were  parted  by  storms,  or  thick  fogs.  And  if  so,  it 
should  happen  that  any  did  part,  when  they  came  to 


PI 


^0  I 


236 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  W  VRS. 


Passatnequady,*  should  stop  there  awhile  ;  for 
there  they  intended  to  stop  and  do  business,  with 
the  help  of  their  boats  against  the  enemy.  And  if 
they  missed  that,  to  stop  at  Machias,f  which  was 
the  next  place  [that]  he  intended  to  stop  at.  Hav- 
ing an  account  by  the  prisoners  taken  that  Mr.  Late- 
rilj  was  there,  a  trading  with  the  Indians  in  the 
river.  fAnd]  encouraging  them,  said,  [that]  he  did 
not  doubt  but  to  have  a  good  booty  there.  And  if 
they  should  pass  those  two  places,  be  sure  not  to  go 
past  Naskege§  point ;  but  to  stop  there  till  he  came, 
and  not  to  depart  thence  in  a  fortnight  witiiout  his 
orders ;  having  great  service  to  do  in  and  about  Pe- 
nobscot, &.C. 

Then  Major  Church  discoursed  with  Captain 
Bracket,  Captain  Hunewell,  and  Captain  Larking, 
(with  their  Lieutenants)  commanders  of  the  forces, 
belonging  to  the  eastward  parts,  who  were  to  dis- 
course their  soldiers  about  their  proceedings,  when 
they  came  to  Penobscot.  And  the  Major  himself 
was  to  discourse  his  Indian  soldiers,  and  their  Cap- 
tains, who  with  all  the  rest  readily  complied.  The 
projection  being  such,  that  when  they  came  to  Pe- 
nobscot, the  commander  designed  to  take  what  pro- 

•  Better  written  Passammaquacldy,  Coast*  i-  cn\\  it  Quod- 
dy.  It  is  a  deep  hay,  which  begins  the  sepuruion  of  the 
British  dominions  from  Maine. 

t  The  bay  of  Machias  is  separated  from  Passammaqiiodd}' 
by  Pleasant  point  on  the  west.  A  river  flows  into  this  bay 
of  the  same  name,  on  which  is  the  town  of  Machias. 

+  Whoever  this  person  might  be,  we  hear  no  more  of  him, 
only  that  he  was  a  Frenchman,  and  had  a  family  at  Monnt- 
desen  ;  that  he  was  taken  in  the  last  expedition;  and  that 
his  name  was  o/d  Lateril  or  Lotriell  according  to  the  early 
writers  who  mention  him,  which  of  course,  was  all  they  knew 
about  him. 

§  Wha.  Sullivan  calls  Nauseag,  I  expect,  almost  up  to  the 
Kenneheck,  but  on  the  east  side,  and  now  with<n  the  town 
of  Woolwich.  See  page  226,  of  this  history,  where  it  is  siielt 
JSasket. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2J7 


visions  could  be  spared  out  of  all  the  sloops,  and 
put  [it]  on  board  the  two  brigantines,  and  to  send 
all  the  sloops  home  with  ?otne  of  the  officers  and 
men  that  wanted  to  be  at  home.  And  then  with 
those  forces  aforementioned,  to  wit,  the  eastward 
men,  and  all  the  Indians ;  and  to  take  what  provi- 
sions and  ammunition  was  needful,  and  to  march 
with  himself  up  into  the  Penobscot  country,  in 
search  of  the  enemy,  and  if  posssible  to  take  that 
fort  in  Penobscot  river.  Captain  Bracket  informing 
the  Major,  that  when  the  water  was  low,  they  could 
wade  over,  which  was  at  that  time,  the  lowest  that 
had  been  known  in  a  long  time. 

And  being  there,  to  range  through  that  country 
down  to  Pemequid,  where  he  intended  [that]  the 
two  brigantines  should  meet  them  ;  and  from  thence 
taking  more  provisions,  viz.,  bread,  salt,  and  ammu- 
nition suitable  (to  send  those  two  vessels  home  also) 
to  travel  through  the  country  to  Nerigiwack,*  and 
from  thence  to  Amerascogen  fort,  and  so  down 
where  the  enemy  used  to  plant.  Not  doubting  but 
that  in  all  this  travel  to  meet  with  many  of  the  ene- 
my before  they  should  get  to  Piscataqua.  All 
which  intentions  were  very  acceptable  to  the  forces 
that  were  to  undertake  it.  [And]^  rejoicing,  said, 
they  had  rather  go  home  by  land  than  by  water, 
provided  their  commander  went  with  them.  [Ho,]* 
to  try  their  fidelity,  said  [that]  he  was  grown  an- 
cient, and  might  fail  them.  [But]  they  all  said  they 
would  not  leave  him,  and  when  he  could  not  travel 
any  further,  they  would  carry  him. 

Having  done  what  service  they  could,  at  and 
about  the  mouth  of  St.  Johns  river,  resolved  on  their 
1  [who]  2  [who] 

•  Norririgpwock.  This  name  has  heen  suhject  to  almost 
as  jnany  methods  of  spelling,  as  its  neighbour,  Androscoggin. 
It  was  an  ancient  celebrated  Indian  town  on  the  Keiinebeek 
river,  about  84  miles  from  its  mouth  by  the  course  oi"  the  river 
Sullivan,  SI,  32. 


iS 


iij^ 


i  i 


.HI 


238 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


intended  design.  And  the  next  morning,  having 
but  little  wind,  cume  all  to  sail.  TJie  wind  coming 
against  them  they  put  into  Mushquush  cove.  And 
the  next  day  the  wind  being  still  against  them,  the 
Ma-(5r  with  part  of  his  forces  landed,  and  employed 
themselves  in  ranging  the  country  for  the  enemy, 
but  to  no  purpose.  [But]^  in  the  night  the  wind 
came  pretty  fair,  and  at  twelve  o'clock  they  came  to 
sad.  [Thuy]^  had  not  been  out  long  before  they 
spied  three  sail  of  vessels ;  expecting  them  to  be 
French,  fitted  to  defend  themselves.  So  coming 
near,  hailed  them,  [and]^  found  them  to  be  a  man  of 
war,  the  province  galley,  and  old  Mr.  Alden^  in  a 
sloop,  with  more  forces,  Colonel  Hathornef  com- 
mander. 

Major  Church  went  aboard  the  Commodore,  where 
Colonel  Hathorne  was,  who  gave  him  an  account  of 
his  commission,  and  orders,  and  read  them  to  him. 
Then  his  honour  told  Major  Church,  that  there  was 
a  particular  order  on  board  Captain  Southack  for  him, 
which  is  as  followeth. 

[To  Major  Benjamin  Church.'] 

^^  Boston,  September  9th,  1696. 
Sir, 

His  Majesty's  ship  Orford,  having  lately  surprised 
a  French  shallop,  with  twentythreo  of  the  soldiers 
1  [and]  s  [and]  3  [Who] 

•  The  same  oftPn  mentiijned  in  tlie  precedinj:;  paj^es.  Sfe 
note  3,  on  page  IHti,  He  '.vas  in  1692  imprisoned  for  witch- 
craft, and  previously  examined  Ity  Hawthorn,  under  whom 
he  appears  in  this  expedition.  See  Hutchinson,  II,  50,  ami 
94. 

t  Col.  John  Hathorne  or  Hawthorn.  This  gentleman, 
however  unfit  he  might  he  to  succeed  Church,  it  is  certain 
that  he  may  now  be  Ijctter  employed  than  when  committing 
witches  at  Salem.  I  learn  little  of  him,  excepting  what  may 
lie  seen  in  Hutchinson,  and  Calef.  Perhaps  he  was  a  son  of 
William  Hawthorn,  the  first  speaker  of  the  court  of  Massa- 
{•husetts,  upon  record.  Hist,  Mas.  I,  150.  He  was  v|uite  ac- 
tive in  these  wars,  also  in  the  former.  Nothing  very  brilliant 
appears  to  have  been  performed  under  his  command. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


239 


belonging  to  the  fort  upon  Johns  river,  in  Novascotia, 
Jogcther  with  Vilieau,  their  Captain,  providence 
seems  to  encourage  the  forming  of  an  expedition  to 
attuck  that  fort,  and  to  disrest  and  remove  the  enemv 
from  tliut  post,  which  is  the  chief  source  from  whence 
the  most  of  our  disasters  do  issue,  and  also  to  favour 
with  an  opportunity  for  gaining  out  of  their  hands 
the  ordnance,  artillery,  and  other  warlike  stores,  and 
provisions,  lately  supplied  to  them  from  France,  for 
erecting  a  new  fort  near  the  river's  mouth,  wivereby 
they  will  be  greatly  strengthened,  and  the  reducing 
of  ihem  rendered  more  difficult.  I  have  therefore 
ordered  a  detachment  of  two  new  conjpanies,  con- 
sisting of  about  an  hundred  men  to  join  the  forces 
now  with  you  for  that  expedition,  and  have  commis- 
sionated  Litutenant  Colonel  John  Hathorne,  one  of 
tlio  members  of  iiis  Majesty's  council,  who  is  ac- 
quainted with  that  river,  and  in  wiiose  courage  and 
conduct  I  repose  special  trust  to  take  the  chief  com- 
mand of  the  whole,  during  that  service,  being  well 
assured  that  your  good  affections  and  zeal  for  his 
Majesty's  service  will  induce  yoyr  ready  compliance 
and  assistance  therein  rvhich,  I  hope,  will  take  up 
no  long  time,  and  be  of  great  benelit  and  advantage 
to  these  his  Majesty's  territories,  if  it  please  God  to 
succeed  the  same.  Besides,  it  is  very  probable  to 
be  the  fairest  opportunity,  that  can  be  olfered  unto 
yourself  and  men,  of  doing  executi'  n  upon  the  In- 
dian enemy  and  rebels,  who  may  reasonably  be  ex- 
j)ected  to  be  drawn  to  the  defence  of  that  fort.  I 
have  also  ordered  his  Majesty's  ship  Arundel,  and 
the  province  Galley  to  attend  this  service. 

Colonel  Hatiiorne  will  communicate  unto  you  the 
contents  of  ins  commission  and  instructions  re''  iyed 
from  myself  f>)r  this  expedition,  which  I  expt  ;  and 
order  that  yourself,  officers  and  soldiers,  now  under 
,you,  yield  obedience  unto.  He  is  to  advise  vvith 
yourself  and  others  in  all  weighty  attempts.  Pray- 
uig  for  a  blessing  from  Il'>'!ven  upon  the  said  enter' 


P1 


ml 

m 


i;;t 


I 


240 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


prise,  and  that  all  engaged  in  the  same  may  be  under 
the  special  protection  of  the  Almighty.  I  am  your 
loving  friend, 

WILLIAM  STOUGHTON. ' 

The  Major  'iavmg  read  his  last  orders,  and  con- 
sidering his  commission.  Ibund  that  he  .las  obi  ved 
to  attend  all  orders,*  &,c.,  was  mucli  concerned  that 
he  and  his  were  prevciited  in  their  intendi.vl  projcf- 
tiori,  if  carried  back  to  tit.  Johns,  i'hen  disc^oursing 
with  Colonel  Hathornu,  gave  him  an  account  of  whit 
they  had  done  at  St.  Johns,  viz.,  tliat  us  to  thn  de- 
molishing the  liow  fort,  th' y  had  dove  it;  and  [had] 
got  ;A\  fheir  groat  guns  and  stores  aboarti  tlu.ir  ves- 
rfeir.  Aitd,  that,  if  it  had  not  beca  that  the  waters 
were  80  Ida  ,  would  have  taken  the  foit  up  tho  river 
also,  ht;'K))\  fio  came  away.  Told  him  also,  that 
onts  of  tiio  pris-xjors  which  he  had  taken  at  St.  Johns, 
upon  e:vaiiinatioi,  concerning  the  Indians  in  those 
pans,  told  him,  [that]  it  was  as  hard  for  Vilboon  their 
Govcrnour,  to  get  one  of  tiieir  Indians  dowii  to  the 
water  side,  as  to  carry  one  'if  those  great  gu.Mh  upon 
his  back.  And  that  the*  Had  an  account  of  liim 
[Church.]  and  ids  forces'  coming  to  those  parts  by  a 
}>risoner  out  of  Boston  jail.  Also,  lold  hi;^  honour, 
tliat  if  they  went  hack  it  would  wholly  disappoint 
them  of  th-jir  doin'4  any  further  service,  which  was 
[what]^  they  ca>ne  for  to  Penobscot,  and  places  ad- 
jacent.    But  al!  was  to  no  purpose.     Ilis  honour  tell- 

1  [that] 

*  ('hutch  could  not  but  b<?  oflepderl  at  such  boyish  conduct, 
wliich  will  more  fully  aii|>ear  in  the  ensuing  narration.  Im- 
]>ortant  servicp,  ])orhap>J,  mii^ht  have  been  donn  in  tiie  exe- 
cution of  the.  plan  tliat  Church  and  his  forces  were  th?n  about 
to  enter  upor .  They  would  doubtless  have  relieved  the  east- 
ern pcoj)le  froir  their  ga"risons  in  whicii  thi'v  had  most  of 
the  year  bear,  shut  up.  The  *avag;es  had  hovered  around 
the  settlements  from  Pascata((ua  to  tlieir  extent  eastward, 
and  had  between  tiie  7  May,  and  13  October,  killed  and  ta- 
ken about  34  of  the  inhabitants  ;  21  being  of  the  former  num- 
ber.    Sue  Magnalia,  II,  d49,  50. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


^41 


n- 

e-                         1 
\                        1 

id 

.1,                        1 

a-                        1 

[II- 

ins;  the  Major  that  he  must  attend  his  orders  then 
received.* 

And  to  encoui'af^e  the  officers  and  soldiers,  told 
them,  [that]  they  should  be  wholly  at  the  Major's 
ordering  and  command  in  the  whole  action.  And  to 
be  short  did  go  back,  and  the  event  may  be  seen  in 
Colonel  Hathorne's  journal  of  the  said  action. f 

Only  I  must  observe  one  thing  by  the  way,  which 
was,  that  when  they  drew  off  to  come  down  ihe  riv 
er  again,  Colonel  Hathorne  came  off  and  left  the  Ma- 
jor behind  to  see  that  all  the  forces  were  drawn  off. 
And  coming  down  the  river,  in  or  near  the  rear,  in 
the  night,  heard  a  person  halloo.     Not  knowing  at 

*  Tlio  superceding  of  Cliureh,  says  Hiiteliinson,  II,  9 1,  '•  was  an 
impolitie  measure,  unless  any  misconduct  in  Cliureli  made  it 
neeessury  that  lie  should  be  supereeded."  But  notiiing  of  that 
kind  is  made  appear,  and  can  be  accounted  for,  only,  by  suppos- 
injT  tliiit  StoujLfliton  had  not  fully  recovered  from  the  debility  he 
had  received  in  the  late  Witch  Crusade. 

fThe  journal  of  Hathorne,  referred  to,  is  undoubtedly 
lost,  wiilch  we  have  to  regret.  Perluips  Hutchinson  had  the 
use  of  it,  as  the  account  which  he  gives  of  t!ie  expedition  is 
somewhat  particular.  He  mentions,  ]J,  94,  5,  tiuit  Villebon 
hud  timely  notice  of  their  object,  and  the  reinforcement;  and 
accordingly  had  made  the  best  arrangements  he  could  to  re- 
ceive them.  They  effected  a  binding  on  the  7  Octoher,  not 
however  without  considerable  opposition.  The  same  day 
tliey  raised  u  battery,  and  planted  two  fieldpieces  upon  it. 
With  these  and  their  small  arms  they  commenced  an  attack 
upon  the  fort,  wiiich  was  answered.  The  following  night 
being  very  cold,  the  English  made  lircs  to  keep  them  from 
perishing.  But  this  being  a  sure  mark  for  the  enemy's  cannon, 
were  obliged  to  put  them  out,  and  suffer  the  incleiiH-ncy  of  the 
weather.  Church's  men  suffering  more  extremely,  being  almost 
bare  of  clothing  from  their  long  service.  Discouragement 
now  sei'od  t'lem,  and  they  drew  off  t!.e  next  night.  Matiier 
makes  no  reflections  on  the  planning  and  executing  of  this  expe- 
dition. "  The  dillifulty  of  the  cold  season  so  discouraged  our 
men,  that  after  the  making  cf  some  fev^"  shot  the  enterprise 
found  itself  under  too  much  congelation  to  proceed  any  fur- 
ther." So  he  s.aya,  Mugnalio.  11,  650.  No  account  is  given  that 
any  were  killed. 

L        16 


/'4-.- 


243 


FRENCH  A^D  INDIAN  WARS. 


first,  but  it  might  be  a  snare  to  draw  them  into ;  but 
upon  consideration,  sent  to  see  who  or  what  he  was, 
and  found  him  to  be  a  Negro  man  belonging  to  Mar- 
blehead,  tliat  had  been  taken  and  kept  a  prisoner 
amongst  them  for  some  time.  The  Major  asked  hinj, 
whether  Jie  could  give  any  account  of  the  Indians 
in  those  parts  1  He  said  Yes,  they  were  or  had  been 
all  drawn  off  from  the  sea  coast,  up  into  the  woods 
near  an  hundred  miles.  [They]  having  had  on  ac- 
count by  a  prisoner  out  of  Boston  jail,  that  Major 
r^hurch  and  his  forces  were  coniing  out  against  them 
In  four  brigantines,  and  four  sloops,  with  twentyfour 
pettiaugers^  (meaning  whale  boats)  which  put  them 
into  [such]  a  fright,  that  notwithstanding  they  were 
so  far  up  in  the  woods,  were  afraid  to  make  fires  by 
day,  lest  he  and  his  forces  should  discover  the 
smokes,  and  in  the  night  lest   they  should  see  tlio 

One  thing  more  I  would  just  give  a  hint  of,  that 
is,  how  the  French  in  the  eastward  parts  were  much 
surprised  at  the  motion  of  tiie  whale  boats.  [Thoy] 
said,  [that]  there  was  no  abiding  for  thorn  in  thut 
cotmtry.  And  I  have  been  inlbrmed  since,  that 
soon  after  this  expedition,  they  drew  off  from  St. 
Johns  fort  and  river. 

But  to  return.  Then  going  all  down  the  river, 
embarked  and  went  homeward.  Only  by  the  way, 
candid  reader,  I  would  let  you  know  of  two  things 
that  proved  very  prejudicial  to  Major  Church  and  his 
forces,  Tlie  first  was,  that  the  government  should 
miss  it  so  much  as  to  send  any  prisoner  awaj  from 
Boston  before  the  expedition  was  over.  Secondly, 
that  they  should  send  Colonel  Hathorne  to  take  them 
from  the  service  find  business  they  went  to  do  ;  who, 
by  submis>:ion,  doubtless  thought  [that]  they  did  for 
the  be.-;t  though  it  proved  to  the  contrary. 

So  [I]  shall  wind  up  with  a  just  hint  of  v.'hat  hap- 
pened It  their  coming  home  to  Boston.     After  al* 


m 


^9W 


AVi^tMAvv  iMttSlsV^ft 


■J 


I'--  — 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2<13 


their  hard  service  both  ni<j;ht  an<l  day,  the  go/orn- 
tnent  took  away  all  the  frrcai  guns  and  warlike 
stores  and  gave  them  not  u  penny  (or  llioin  (except 
it  was  some  powder,  and  tkat  tliey  gave  what  ihcy 
pleased  for.)  And  besides  tlse  assembly  passed  n  vote 
Jiat  they  should  have  but  half  pay.  But  his  honour 
the  Lieutenant  Governour  being  much  «lisUirbed  at 
their  so  doing,  went  into  the  town  house,  where  the 
representatives  were  sitting,  and  told  them,  except 
they  rfirf  reassnme  that  vote,  which  was  to  cut  Major 
Church  and  his  forces  olf  their  half  pay,  they  should 
sit  there  till  the  next  spring.  Whereupon  it  was  re- 
assumed.  So  that  they  had  jqst  their  bare  wages. 
IJut  as  yet,  never  had  any  allowance  for  the  great 
guns  and  stores;  neither  has  M»\jor  Church  had  any 
allowance  for  all  his  travel  and  great  expenses  in 
raising  the  said  forces,  volunteers. 


THF.    riFT'I    AND    LAST    KXPEDITION    EAST. 

In  the  year  1703-4,  Major  Church  had  an  account 
of  the  miserable  devastations  made  on  Deerfield,*  a 
town  in  the  westward  parts  of  this  province,!  and 
the  horrible  barbarities,  and  cruelties  exercised  on 
tliose  poor  innocent  people  by  the  Frencli  and  In- 
dians; especially  of  their  cruelties  towards  that  Wf)r- 
thy  gentlewoman' Mrs.  Williams,  and  several  others, 
wlicm  they  marched  in  that  extreme  season  ;  forcing 
them  to  carry  great  loads.  And  when  any  of  them 
by  their  hard  usage  could  not  bear  with  it,  [they] 
were  knocked  on  the  head,  and  so  killed  in  cool 
blood.  All  which,  with  some  other  horrible  instnn- 
ces  done  by  those  barbarous  savages,  which  Major 
Chnrch  himself  was  an  eye  witness  to  in  his  forisis  r 
travel  in  the  eastward  parts,  did  much  astonish  him. 

•  A  more  pa' ticular  account  of  the  "  Destruction  of  Deer- 
field"  will  be  given  in  the  IX  Appendix  to  this  history. 
tOn  Con-^cticut  river,  about  90  miles  from  Boston. 


i 

1 

iy\ 

fl 

•■=^ 


i 


2A4 


I'llENClI  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


To  sec  a  woiiiiiii  that  those  barbiirouH  siivngoi 
hud  tiik<!n  unci  killt.d,  exposed  in  u  most  brutish  inun- 
ncr  (as  cun  be  expressed)  with  a  yonn;;  child  sei/ed 
fast  with  strings  to  hijr  breast.  [The]'  iiit'iwit  had 
no  apparent  wound,  which  doubtless  was  Ivi'i  alive 
to  suck  its  dead  mother's  breast,  and  so  miserably  to 
pcrisii  and  Jie.  Also  lo  sec  other  poor  chililrcn 
hanging  upon  fences,  (Lad,  of  either  sex,  in  their 
own  poor  rags,  not  wortii  stripping  them  of,  in  Hcorn 
and  derision. 

Another  instance  was,  of  a  straggling  soldier,  who 
was  found  at  Cusco,  ex|)osed  in  a  shameful  n^nd  bar- 
barous manner.  His  body  being  staked  up,  his  head 
cut  oil',  and  a  hog's  head  set  in  tlie  room;  his  body 
ripped  up,  and  his  heart  and  inwards  taken  out,  atid 
private  members  cut  oil",  and  hung  with  belts  of  their 
own,  the  inwards  at  one  side  of  his  body,  and  his 
privates  it  the  other,  in  scorn  and  derision  of  the 
English  soldiers,  tJLc. 

These  and  such  like  barbarities  cnnsed  Major 
Church  to  express  himself  to  this  purpose.  That 
if  he  were  commander  in  chief  of  these  provinces, 
he  would  soon  put  an  end  to  those  barbarities,  done 
by  the  barbarous  enemy,  by  making  it  Ins  whole  bu- 
siness to  fight  and  destroy' those  savages  as  they  did 
our  poor  neighbours,  which  (ioubthiss  might  have 
Deen  done  if  rightly  managed,  and  that  in  a  short 
time,  &.C.  So  that  these  with  the  late  inhumanities 
done  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Deerlield,  made  such 
an  impression  on  his  heart,  as  cannot  well  be  cx|)res8- 
cd.  So  that  his  blood  boiled  within  him,  making 
such  impulses  on  his  mind,  that  ho  forg(jtall  former 
treatments,  which  were  enough  to  hinder  utiy  man, 
especially  the  said  Major  Church,  from  doing  any 
further  service. 

Notwithstanding  all  which,  having  a  mind  to  take 
some  satisfaction  on  the  enemy,  his  heart  being  full, 
took  his  ho  se  and  went  from  his  own  habitation, 

1  [which] 


=-=n 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


245 


nonr  seventy  miles,  to  wuit  upon  his  excellency,  and 
oHered  liis  service  to  the  Queen,*  his  excellency 
and  the  country  ;  which  his  excellency  readily  ac- 
cepted of,  and  desired  Major  Church  to  draw  a 
scheme  for  the  ensuing  action,  or  actions.  So  tak- 
ing leave  went  home,  and  drew  it,  which  is  as  fol- 
loweth. 

"  Tiverton,  February  5,  1703-4. 
May  it  please  your  Excellency — 

According  to  your  request,  when  I  was  last  with 
yourself,  and  in  obedience  thereunto,  I  present  you 
with  these  following  lines,  that  concern  the  prepara- 
tion for  next  spring's  expedition,  to  attack  the  tiu;- 
my.  According  to  my  former  direction  ;  for  it  is 
good  to  have  a  full  stroke  at  them  first,  hrforo  tlury 
have  opportunity  to  run  for  it.  For  tlie  lirst  of  our 
action  will  be  our  opportunity  to  destroy  them,  and 
to  jjrevent  their  running  away,  in  wayhying  every 
passage,  and  make  them  know  wo  are  in  good 
earnest.  And  so  we  being  in  a  diligent  use  of  means, 
we  may  hope  for  a  blessing  from  the  Almiglity,  and 
that  he  will  be  pleased  to  put  a  dread  in  their  hearts, 
that  they  may  fall  before  us  and  perish.  For  my  ail- 
vice  is. 

First.  That  ten  or  twelve  hundred  good  able  sol- 
•liers,  well  ecjuipped,  be  in  a  readiness  fit  for  action, 
by  the  first  of  April  at  farthest;  for  then  will  be 
the  time  to  be  upon  action. 

Secondly.  That  five  and  forty  or  fifty,  good 
whaleboats  be  had  ready,  well  fitted  with  five  good 
oars  and  twelve  or  fifteen  good  paddles  to  every  boat. 

•  Anne,  who  came  to  the  throne  of  England  in  i70-2.  She 
reigned  until  her  death  in  1714,  and  then  the  line  of  (Jeoi- 
ges  conimence-l.  Tlris  war  which  began  in  1703  is  general- 
ly called  Queen  Anne's  war.  Dr.  Dougla>s  calls  it  "  Dud- 
ley's Indian  War."  But  this  must  be  regarded  as  one  of 
his  loose  denominations,  for  the  war  had  already  originated 
when  Gov   Dudley  entered  upo"  his  otiice. 


r 


24  G 


FIIENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


And  upon  the  wale  of  each  boat,  five  pieces  of  strong 
leather  be  fastened  on  each  side  to  slip  five  small  ash 
bars  through ;  that  so,  wiienevcr  they  land,  the  men 
may  step  overboard,  and  slip  in  said  bars  across,  and 
take  up  said  boat  that  she  may  not  be  hurt  against 
the  rocks.  And  that  two  suitable  brass  kettles  be 
provided  to  belong  to  each  boat  to  dress  the  men's 
victuals  in  to  make  their  lives  comfortable. 

Thirdly.  That  four  or  five  hundred  pairs  of  good 
Indian  shoes  be  made  ready,  fit  for  the  service  for 
the  ICnglish  and  Indians,  that  must  improve  the  whale 
boats  and  birch  canoes ;  for  they  will  be  very  proper 
and  safe  for  that  service.  And  let  there  be  a  good 
store  of  cow  hides  well  tanned,  for  a  supply  of  such 
shoes,  and  hemp  to  make  thread,  and  wax  to  mend 
and  mai(e  more  such  shoes  when  wanted,  and  a  good 
store  o1  awls. 

Fou'-thly.  That  there  be  an  hundred  large  hatch- 
ets, cr  light  axes,  made  pretty  broad,  and  steeled  with 
the  best  steel  that  can  be  got,  and  made  by  work- 
men, that  [they]  may  cut  very  well,  and  hold,  that 
the  hemlock  knots  may  not  break  or  turn  them,  to 
widen  the  landing  place  up  the  falls.  For  it  may 
happen  that  we  may  get  up  with  some  of  our  whale- 
boats  to  their  falls  or  headcjuarters. 

Fifthly.  That  there  be  a  suitable  (juantity  of  small 
bags,  or  wallets  provided,  that  every  man  that  wants 
may  have  one  to  put  up  his  bullets  in,  of  such  a  size 
as  will  fit  his  gun,  (and  not  be  served  as  at  Casco.*) 
That  every  man's  bag  be  so  marked  that  he  may  not 
change  it.  For  if  so,  it  will  make  a  great  confusion 
in  action.  That  every  man's  store  of  bull  be  weigh- 
ed to  him,  that  so  he  may  be  accountable  and  may 
not  s(iuander  it  away  and  also  his  store  of  powder, 
that  so  he  may  try  his  powder  and  gun  before  action. 
And  that  every  particular  company  may  have  a  bar- 

•  There  most  of  their  phot  was  so  large  that  it  was  useles?, 
only  as  it  was  hammered,  anil  was  not  discovered  until 
un  engagement  took  place  witn  the  enemy.     Sec  page  166. 


FK.ENC11  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


247 


rel  of  powder  to  themselves  and  so  marked  that  it 
may  by  no  means  be  changed.  That  men  may  know 
Deforehand,  and  may  not  be  cheated  out  of  their 
lives,  by  havin<T  bad  powder,  or  not  knowing  how  to 
use  it.  And  this  will  prove  a  great  advantage  to 
the  action. 

Sixthly.  That  Colonel  John  Gorham,  if  he  may 
be  prevailed  with,  may  be  concerned  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  whale  boats,  he  having  been  formerly 
concerned  in  the  eastern  parts  and  experienced  in 
that  affair.  And  whalemen  then  will  be  very  service- 
able in  this  expedition,  which  hi.  ing  a  promise  made 
to  them,  that  they  shall  be  reLased  in  good  season, 
to  go  homo  a  whaling  in  the  fall,  your  excellency 
will  have  men  enough. 

Seventhly.  That  there  may  be  raised  for  this  ser- 
vice three  hundred  Indians  at  least,  and  more  if  they 
may  be  had;  for  I  know  certainly,  of  my  own  know- 
ledge that  they  exceed  most  of  our  English  in  hunt- 
ing and  skulking  in  the  woods,  being  always  used  to 
it.  And  it  must  be  practised  if  ever  we  intend  to 
destroy  those  Indian  enemies. 

Eighthly.  That  the  soldiers  already  out  eastward 
in  the  service,  men  of  known  judgment,  may  take  a 
survey  of  them  and  their  arms,  and  see  if  their  arms 
be  good  and  they  know  how  to  use  them  in  shooting 
right,  at  a  mark,  and  that  they  be  men  of  good  reason 
and  sense  to  know  how  lo  manage  themselves  in  so 
difficult  a  piece  of  service  as  this  Indian  hunting  is, 
for  bad  men  are  but  a  clog  and  hinderance  to  an 
army,  being  a  trouble  and  vexation  to  good  com- 
manders, and  so  many  mouths  to  devour  the  country's 
provision,  and  a  hinderance  to  all  good  actions. 

Ninthly.  That  special  care  be  had  in  taking  up 
the  whaleboats  that  they  be  good.,  and  fit  lor  that 
service,  so  that  the  country  be  not  cheated  as  for- 
merly in  having  rotten  boats  and  as  much  care  that 
the  owners  may  have  good  satisfaction  for  tliem. 

Tenthly.     That  the  tenlers  or  transports,  vessela 


'l|*l 


248 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


to  be  improved  in  this  action,  be  good  decked  vessels, 
not  too  big  because  of  going  up  several  rivers  hav- 
ing four  or  six  small  guns  apiece  for  defence,  and 
the  fewer  men  will  defend  them,  and  there  are 
enough  such  vessels  to  be  had. 

Eleventhly.  To  conclude  all,  if  your  excellency 
will  be  pleased  to  make  yourself  great  and  us  a  hap- 
py people,  as  to  the  destroying  of  our  enemies  and 
easing  of  our  taxes,  &.C.,  be  pleased  to  draw  forth  all 
those  forces  now  in  pay  in  all  the  eastward  parts, 
both  at  Suco  and  Casco  bay,  for  those  two  trading 
houses  never  did  any  good  nor  ever  will,  and  are  not 
worthy  the  name  of  Clueen's  forts ;  and  the  first 
building  of  them  had  no  other  effect  but  to  lay  us 
under  tribute  to  tliat  wretched  pagan  crew ;  and  I 
hope  will  never  be  wanted  for  that  they  were  first 
built;  [ — Y  ^^^  s"*"^  ^^  '^»  ^^^y  ^^^  ^cry  serviceable  to 
them  ;  for  they  get  many  a  good  advantage  of  us  to 
destroy  our  men  and  laugh  at  us  for  our  folly,  that 
we  should  be  at  so  much  cost  and  trouble  to  do  a 
thing  that  does  us  so  much  harm,  and  no  manner  of 
good  :  but  to  the  contrary  when  they  see  all  our  for- 
ces drawn  forth,  and  in  pursuit  of  them  they  will 
think  that  we  begin  to  be  roused  up,  and  to  be  awake 
and  will  not  be  satisfied  with  what  they  have  pleased 
to  leave  us,  but  are  resolved  to  retake  from  them 
that  they  to(.k  formerly  from  us,  and  drive  tiiem  out 
of  their  country  also.  The  which  being  done,  then 
to  build  a  fort  at  a  suitable  time,  and  in  a  convenient 
place,  and  it  will  be  very  honourable  to  your  excel- 
lency, and  of  great  service  to  her  Majesty,  and  to 
tiie  enlargement  of  her  Majesty's  government  (the 
place  meant  being  at  Portroyal.) 

TwcHtlily.  That  the  objection  made  against  draw- 
mg  cfi' the  forces  in  the  eastward  parts  will  be  no 
damage  to  the  inhabitants,  for  former  exj)erience 
teacheth  us  that  so  soon  as  drawn  into  tiieir  country, 
they  will  presently  forsake  ours  to  take  care  of  their 
own.     And  that  tliere  be  no  failure  in  making  pre- 

1  [for] 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


249 


paration  of  these  things  aforementioned;  for  many 
times  the  want  of  small  things  prevents  the  complet- 
ing of  great  actions.  And  that  every  thing  be  in 
readiness  before  the  forces  be  raised  to  prevent 
charges,  and  the  enemy's  having  intelligence.  And 
that  the  general  court  be  moved  to  make  suitable 
acts  for  the  encouraging  both  English  and  Indians, 
that  so  men  of  business  may  freely  offer  estates  and 
concerns  to  serve  the  publick. 

Thus  hoping  what  !  have  taken  the  pains  to  write 
in  the  sincerity  of  my  heart,  and  good  affection,  will 
be  well  accepted,  I  make  bold  to  subscribe  as  I  am. 
vour  excellency's  most  devoted  humble  servant, 

BENJAMIN  CHUIICII." 

Then  returning  to  his  excellency,  presented  the 
said  scheme,  which  his  excellency  approved  v^i,  and 
returned  it  again  to  Major  Church,  and  desired  hun 
to  see  that  every  thing  was  provided ;  telling  him 
he  should  have  an  order  from  the  commissary  Gene- 
ral to  proceed.  Then  returned  home,  and  made  it 
his  whole  business  to  provide  oars  and  paddl(;s,  an,d 
a  vessel  to  carry  them  round,  and  then  returned  again 
to  his  excellency,  who  gave  him  a  commission  which 
is  as  foUoWeth. 


"  JosKPH  DiiDLEv,*  Esq.,  Captain  General  and  Go- 
vernour  in  Chief,  in  and  over  her  Majesty's  pro- 

*  A  son  of  Thomas  Dudley,  who  came  to  America  in  1630, 
and  who  has  been  celebrated  i'or  his  bitterness  a8;ainst  tolera- 
tion. Some  poetry  found  in  his  pocket  (says  iMorton,  151.) 
after  his  death,  is  so  singular,  and  characteri-ticU  of  the 
times,  that  I  may  be  pardoned  for  so  much  digresiing  as  to 
insert  a  clause  of  it. 

"  Let  men  of  God  in  courts  and  churche;  watch 
O'er  sucii  o.s  do  a  toleration  hatch  ; 
Lest  that  iil  e'.'S  hrin;;  forth  a  coclialrico, 
To  poison  all  with  heresy  and  vice. 
If  men  be  left,  and  otherwise  combine, 
My  epitaph's,  /  difd  no  libertine." 
The  suliject  of  this  note  wa;»  born  in  1647,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  1665,  and  is  said  to  have  been  eminent  for 


260 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


vince  of  the  Massachusetts  bay,  in  jVewenglaruL, 
in  America,  and  Vice  Jldmiral  of  the  same, 

To  Benjamin  Church,  Esq.,  (Greeting. 

By  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority,  in  and  by 
Iier  Majesty's  royal  commission,  to  me  granted,  I  do 
b)  these  presents,  reposing  special  trust  and  confi- 
dence in  your  loyalty,  courage,  md  good  conduct, 
constitute  and  appoint  you  to  bo  Colonel  of  all  the 
forces  raised,  and  to  be  raised  for  hor  Majesty'^  ser- 
vice, against  the  French  and  Indian  enemy  and  rebels, 
that  shall  be  improved  in  the  service  to  the  eastward 
of  Casco  bay ;  and  to  be  Captain  of  the  first  com- 
pany of  the  said  forces.  You  are  therefore  carefully 
and  diligently  to  perform  the  duty  of  a  Colonel  an! 
Captain,  by  leading,  ordering  and  exercising  tiie  said 
regiment  and  company  in  arms,  both  inferiour  ofli- 
ecrs  and  soldiers ;  and  to  keep  them  in  good  order 
and  discipline.  Hereby  commanding  them  to  obey 
you  as  their  Colonel  and  Captain  ;  and  with  them  to 
do  and  execute  all  acts  of  hostility  against  the  said 
enemy  and  rebels.  And  you  are  to  observe  and  fol- 
low such  orders  and  directions  as  you  shall  receive 
from  myself,  or  other,  your  superiour  officer,  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war,  pursuant  to 
the  trust  reposed  in  you.     Given  under  my  hand  and 

his  learning.  He  was  acoinmissioncr  in  Philip's  war,  ami  his 
name  may  be  seen  among  them  at  the  head  of  the  long  treaty 
with  the  Narragansets,  in  July,  1075.  When  Aniiross  was 
Governour,  Mr.  Dudley  was  president  of  the  council,  and 
was  seized  upon  as  belonging  to  his  party,  and  imprisoned 
for  some  time,  and  treated  with  inhumanity.  Being  sent  for 
by  King  William,  he  embarked  in  Feb.,  1689.  The  next 
year  he  was  sent  over  as  chirf  justice  of  Newyork,  but  he 
was  never  satisfied  any  where  but  in  the  government  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  therefore  exerted  him^elf  to  injure  Goviir- 
nour  Phips,  expecting  to  succeed  him;  hut  the  people  pre- 
vented him  by  procuring  the  appointment  of  the  Earl  of 
Rellomont,  whose  premature  death  gave  him  his  beloved  of 
Cce,  in  which  he  continued  from  I70i2  to  iTltJ.  Gov.  Shute 
succeeded  him,  and  he  die  :  i  1720,  aged  73. 


ill 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAKS. 


251 


seal  at  arms,  at  Boston,  tiie  18th  day  of  March,  in 
the  third  year  of  her  Majesty's  reign.  Anno  Dom. 
1703-4. 

J.  DUDLEY. 
By  his  Excellency" s  command. 

Isaac  Addington,  Seer" 

Colonel  Church  no  sooner  received  his  commis- 
sion, but  proceeded  to  the  raising  of  men,  volun- 
teers, by  going  into  every  town  within  the  three 
counties,*  which  were  formerly  Plymouth  govern- 
ment; advising  with  the  chief  officer  of  each  com- 
pany, to  call  his  company  togetiier,  lliat  so  he  might 
have  the  better  opportunity  to  discourse  and  encour- 
age them  to  serve  their  Queen  and  country.  Treat- 
ing them  with  drink  convenient,  told  tiiem,  [that]  he 
did  not  doubt  but  with  God's  blessing  to  bring  tiiem 
all  home  ngaiii.  All  which  with  many  other  argu- 
men's,  animated  their  hearts  to  do  service.  So,  that 
Colonel  Church  enlisted,  out  of  some  companies,  near 
twenty  men,  and  others  fifteen. 

He  having  raised  a  sufficient  number  of  Enfjlish 
soldiers,  j)roceeded  to  the  enlisting  of  Indians,  in  all 
those  parts  where  tliey  dwelt,  which  was  a  great  fa- 
tigue and  expense  ;  being  a  people  that  need  much 
treating,  especially  with  drink,  iLc.  Having  enlist- 
ed the  most  of  his  soldiers  in  those  parts,  who  daily 
lay  upon  him,  [and]  was  not  less  than  five  pounds 
per  (lay  expenses,  some  days  in  victuals  and  drink; 
who  doubtless  thought,  (especially  the  English)  that 
the  country  would  liave  reimbursed  it  again,  other- 
wise they  would  hardly  [have]  accepted  it  of  him. 

Colonel  Church's  scddiers,  both  English  and  In- 
dians, in  those  parts,  being  raised,  marched  them  all 

•Plymouth,  Uarnslahle,  and  Bristol.  Tnis  division  was 
madp  in  1G35,  whicl  before  were  all  in  one.  Supplement  to 
Morton,  -207. 


tl 


Z52 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


down  to  Nantasket,*  according  to  his  oxccllency'g 
directions.  Where  being  come,  the  following  gen- 
tlemen were  commissionated  to  be  commanders  of 
each  particular  company,  viz..  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Gorham,  Captains,  J.ohn  Brown,  Constant  Church, 
James  Cole,  John  Dyer,  John  Cook,  Caleb  William- 
son, and  Edward  Church,  of  the  forces  raised  by  Co- 
lonel Church  ;  each  company  being  filled  up  with 
English  and  Indians  as  they  agreed  among  them- 
selves, and  by  llie'  Colonel's  directions.  Captain 
Lamb,  and  Captain  Mirick's  company,  which  were 
raised  by  his  excellency's  direction,  were  ordered  to 
join  those  aforesaid,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Church. 

Matters  being  brought  thus  far  on.  Colonel  Church 
waited  upon  his  excellency  at  Boston  to  knov'  liis 
pleasure,  what  farther  measures  were  to  bo  taken  ; 
and  did  humbly  move  that  they  might  have  liberty  in 
their  instructions  to  make  an  attack  u\>on  Portroyal. 
Being  very  well  satisfied  in  his  opinion,  that  with 
the  blessing  of  God,  with  what  forces  they  had,  or 
should  have  ;  and  whaleboats  so  well  fitted  with  oars 
and  paddlts,  as  they  had  with  them,  might  be  suffi- 
cient to  have  taken  it.  His  excellency  (looking  up- 
on Colonel  Church)  replied,  [that]  "  he  could  not 
admit  of  that,  by  reason,  [that]  he  had,  by  the  advice 
of  her  M'-jesty's  council,  writ  to  her  Majesty  about 
the  taking  of  Portroyal  fort,  and  how  it  should  be 
disposed  of  when  taken,"  dec.  However  Colonel 
Church  proceeded  to  get  every  thing  ready  for  the 
forces  down  at  Nantasket,  which  was  the  place  of 
pa.-'^de. 

He  happening  one  day  to  be  at  Captain  Belch 

•  The  entrance  into  Boston  harbour,  south  of  the  light- 
house. The  winter  of  1690  was  so  severe,  that  sleds  and 
sleighs  frequent'"  passed  from  Boston  to  Nantasket  u|)on  t!;e 
ice.  The  island  of  this  name  was  the  place  of  rendezvous, 
and  is  nine  miles  from  Boston.  It  co  itains  the  present  tow» 
of  Hull,  and  is  connected  lo  Ilinghav..  by  a  dam. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


253 


er's,*  wliere  his  excollonoy  happened  to  come.  [He]* 
was  pleased  to  order  Colonel  Church  to  put  on  his 
Bword,  and  walk  with  him  up  the  common,  whicli 
he  readily  complied  with.  Where  being  come,  ho 
saw  two  mortar  pieces  with  shells,  and  an  engineer 
trying  with  them,  to  throw  a  shell  from  them  to  any 
spot  of  ground  where  he  said  it  sliould  fall ;  which 
when  Colonel  Church  had  seen  done,  gave  him  great 
encouragement,  and  hopes  [that]  that  would  promote 
their  going  to  Portroyal,  which  lie  had  solicited  for. 
And  returning  from  thonce,  after  they  had  seen  them 
tried  by  the  said  engineer,  and  performing  what  was 
proposed,  [and]  coming  near  to  Captain  William 
Clark's  house,  over  against  the  horse  shoe,  his  ex- 
cellency was  invited  by  Captain  Clark  to  walk  over 
and  take  a  glass  of  wine,  which  he  was  pleased  to 
accept  of,  and  took  Colonel  Church  with  him  And 
in  the  time  they  were  talking  a  glass  of  wine.  Colonel 
Church  once  more  presumed  to  say  to  his  excellen- 
cy ;  "  Sir,  I  hope  that  now  we  shall  go  to  Portroyal 
in  order  to  take  it ;  those  mortars  being  very  suita- 
ble for  such  an  enterprise."  His  excellency  was 
pleased  to  reply;  "Colonel  Church,  you  must  say  no 
more  of  that  mutter,  for  the  letter  I  told  you  of,  I 
writ  by  the  advice  of  her  Majesty's  council,  now 
lies  at  home  on  the  board  before  the  Lords  commis- 
sioners of  her  Majesty's  foreign  plantations,"  &,c. 

After  some  days,  every  thing  being  ready  to  em- 
bark. Colonel  Church  received  his  instructions,  which 
arc  as  follows  : 

"  Bi^  his  excellency  Josf.ph  Di^dlk^,  Esq.,  Captain 
(\ciieral  and  Governour  in  Chief,  in  and  over  her 
jMajesty's  prcwince  of  Ihe  Massachusetts  buy,  (.yc, 
in  A  hvengland,  and  I  ice  Admiral  of  the  same. 

1  [who] 


•Captain  Andrew  Beloher  of  Cambridge,  and  father  of 
Governour  Belcher,  I  suspe:^  is  meant     See  page  Oi, noted. 


2M 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


Inatructions  for  Colonkl  Bkn.i*>iin  Church  in  tlu 
present  Expedition. 

In  pursuance  of  tho  commission  given  you  to 
taJvG  the  chief  command  of  tho  hind  and  sea  forces 
by  me  raised,  equipped  and  sent  forth  on  her  Ma- 
jesty's service,  against  her  open  declared  enemies, 
the  French  and  Indian  rebels.  You  are  to  observe 
the  following  instruc  mns. 

First.  You  are  to  take  care,  that  the  duties  of 
religion  be  attended  on  board  the  several  vessels,  and 
in  the  several  companies  under  your  command,  by 
daily  prayers  unto  God,  and  reading  his  holy  word. 
And  that  the  Lord's  day  be  observed  and  duly  sauc- 
tified  to  the  utmost  of  your  power,  as  fur  as  the  cir- 
cumstances and  necessity  of  the  service  can  admit, 
that  so  you  may  have  the  i)resence  of  God  with,  and 
obidin  his  blessing  on,  your  undertaking. 

You  are  to  take  care,  that  four  soldiers  have  theis 
due  allowance  of  provisions  and  other  necessaries ; 
that  their  arms  be  well  fixed,  and  kept  fit  for  service, 
and  that  they  be  furnished  with  a  suitable  quantity 
of  powder  and  ball,  and  be  always  in  readiness  to 
pass  upon  duty. 

That  good  order  and  discipline  be  maintained ;  and 
all  disorders,  drunkenness,  profane  swearing,  curs- 
ing, omission  or  neglect  of  duty,  disobedience  to  of- 
ficers, mutiny,  desertion,  and  sedition  be  duly  pun- 
ished, according  to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war ; 
the  which  you  are  once  a  month  or  oftener,  to  cause 
to  be  published,  and  made  known  to  your  ofiicers 
and  soldiers  for  their  observance  and  direction  in 
their  duty.  Let  notorious  and  capital  offenders  be 
sent  away  to  the  next  garrison,  thero  to  be  imprison- 
ed until  they  can  be  proceeded  with. 

Let  the  sick  and  wounded  be  carefully  looked  af- 
ter, and  accommodated  after  the  best  manner  your 
circumstances  will  admit  of,  and  be  sent  either  to 
Casco  fort,  or  to  Mr.  Peperel'sat  Kittery,  which  may 
be  easiest,  so  soon  as  vou  can. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  \VARS. 


255 


You  are  forthwith  to  send  away  the  forces  and 
Btores  by  the  transports,  with  the  vvhalebouts  to  Pis- 
oataf|iia,  on  Kitlory  side  there  to  attend  your  com- 
ing whither  you  >•  to  follow  them  with  all  exjv  'i- 
tion. 

You  -ire  to  embark  in  the  province  galley,  Captai  » 
Southack  commander,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Gor- 
ham  go  on  board  Captain  Gallop  ;  who  are  both  di- 
rected to  attend  your  motion  on  the  French  side, 
after  which  they  are  to  return.  I  et  the  commanders 
of  all  the  store  sloops  and  trni;:[>.,it  '  now  that  they 
sail,  anchor  and  serve  at  your  direction. 

When  you  sail  from  (Mscataqua,  keep  at  such  dis- 
tance off  the  shore,  that  you  be  not  discovered  by 
the  (  ;my  to  alarm  tliciii.  istop  at  Montinicus,* 
ji;  i  there  embark  tlie  forces  in  t'le  whaleboats  for 
t'l"  main,  to  range  tiiat  part  of  the  country,  in  search 
of  the  enemy,  to  Mountdesart,  sending  t'lio  vessels  to 
meet  you  there ;  and  after  having  reiVchhed  and  re- 
cruited your  soldiers,  proceed  to  Machias,  and  from 
thence  to  Passamequado ;  and  having  effected  vviiat 
spoils  you  possibly  may,  upon  the  enemy  in  those 
parts,  embark  on  your  vessels  for  Menis  and  Signec- 
lo,  to  Portroyal  gtit ;  and  use  all  ,,.,.s«ible  methods  for 
the  burning  and  destroying  ol  the  erciuier;  houses,  and 
breaking  the  dams  of  their  cori^  grounds  in  the  said 
several  places,  and  make  wluit  other  spoils  you  can 
upon  them,  antl  bring  away  the  prisoners.  In  your 
return  call  at  Penobscot  and  do  w  t  you  can  there, 
and  so  proceed  westward. 

This  will  probably  employ  yon  u  month,  or  six 
weeks;  when  you  will  draw  togtlher  again,  and  by 
the  latter  end  of  June,  consider  whether  you  can 
march  to  Norrigwack,  or  other  parts  of  tiieir  plant- 
ing, to  destroy  their  corn  and   settlements  and  keep 

*  An  island  consitlerablc  ilistance  fro.u  Ihc  coast  of  Maine, 
and  the  same,  I  supjiosc,  called  Martinicusor  Mcrtinicuson 
I  lie  late  maps.  It  is  15  or  'iO  miles  from  ■  lalliavcn  island  at 
I  lie  niDulii  oft  he  Penobscot. 


256 


FPENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


the  expedition  on  foot  until  the  middle  of  August 
next. 

Notwithstanding  the  particularity  of  the  afore'fo- 
ing  instruction,  I  lay  you  underno  restraint,  because 
I  am  well  assured  of  your  courage,  care,  caution  and 
industry  ;  but  refer  yon  to  your  own  resolves,  by  the 
adviceof  your  commission  ollicers  not  under  the  de- 
gree of  Captains,  and  the  sea  commission  Captains 
(whom  you  will,  as  often  as  you  can,  advise  with)  ac- 
cording to  the  intelligence  you  may  receive,  or  as 
you  may  find  needful  upon  the  spot. 

You  are  by  every  opportunity,  and  once  a  week 
certainly,  by  some  niuans  either  by  way  of  Casco, 
Piscataijua,  or  otherwise  to  accpiaint  me  of  your  pro- 
cee('ing3  and  all  occurrences,  and  what  may  be  fur- 
ther necessary  for  the  service.  And  to  observe  such 
further  and  other  instructions  as  you  shall  receive 
from  myself. 

As  oiten  as  you  may,  advise  with  Captain  Smith 
and  Captain  Rogers,  comnjanders  of  her  Majesty's 
ships. 

Let  your  minister,  commissary,  and  surgeons  be 
treated  vilh  just  respects.  1  pruy  to  God  to  preserve, 
prospi-!'  n.jiii  succeed  you. 

Cii  'it  under  my  hand  at  Boston,  the  fourth  day  of 

J.  DUDLEY." 

Purstiant  to  his  instructions  ho  sent  away  his  trans- 
ports and  forces*  to  I'iscataqua,  but  was  obliged 
himself  to  wait  upon  his  excellency  by  land  to  Pis- 
cataqua  in  order  to  raise  more  forces  in  the  way 
thither  ;  and  did  raise  a  company  undtirtlie  command 
of  Captain  Harridon.f     Taking   car(^  to  provide   a 

•  This  collected  armiiment  consisted  of  5.')0  soldieis,  in  14 
small  transports,  and  was  ))rovided  with  SO  \\  halo  hoats,  and 
convoyed  by  three  men  of  war  ;  one  of  4S,  one  of  3'2,  and  one 
of  14  guns.     Hutchinson,  II,  132.     Donp;la>is,  |,  557, 

t  This  name  is  spelt  Harredcn  in  Penhrtllovv's  history  5 
but  liis  own  signature  to  the  resolve  before  Porlroyal  is  Har- 
radon.     No  other  mention  is  made  of  him  in  the  Indian  wars 

at  I  have  seen. 


nei 
ill  I 

lo 

tT 

pii 

in 
nl 


m 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


257 


n.  Colonel 

I  tarry 

if  not  be 

•  some 

>|H)rtH. 


pilot  lor  them  in  the  hay  of  Fnndy.  ((.'oloncl  ( 'Insrch 
hcinfj  directed  to  one  Fellows  whom  he  met  with  nt 
Ipswich.)  And  flo\n<r  from  thenee  to  Pi-icalaqua 
with  his  excellency,  was  there  met  by  that  worthy 
gentleman,  Aiajor  VVinthrop  Hilton,*  who  was  very 
liolpful  lo  him  in  the  whole  expedition,  whose  name 
and  memory  ought  not  to  be  'orgot. 
IJeing  ready  to  embark  from  Pisr 
Church  "-eciuested  the  commanders  «.i 
siiips,  Captain  Smith, f  and  Captain  Re 
at  Piscatacpia  a  fortnight,  that  so  tl 
discovered  by  the  enemy  before  li*  li. 
spoil  upon  them.  Then  moving^  in  iln 
as  directed,  got  paft;  into  ^^>ntiMicus,||  undiscovered 
by  the  enemy.  Next  morning  early,  I'UtcA  out  two 
whahdjoats  with  men,  Captiiin  Joim  Cook  in  one 
and  Captain  Constant  Church  in  thi;  other,  and  sent 
them  to  (ireen  islandll  upon  a  discovery.  And  com- 
ing there,  they  parted,  on(!  went  to  one  part,  and  the 
other  to  the  other  part,  that  so  tliey  might  not  miss 

•  Al)un(1ant  materials  aro  ^irnservcd  for  ahiomraiihy  of  (his 
jjondpiiian.  He  was  a  direct  descendanl  of  one  of  llic  lii>l 
setders  of  Nowhainiisliire  in  16-23.  He  was  a  sucresslul  olli- 
cf  r,  lint  like  many  olliers  was  doomed  to  fall  by  savage  hands. 
In  addition  to  what  is  found  in  liiis  iiistory,  and  Penlialldu's 
Indian  Wars,  a  memoir  may  be  seen  in  I  of  Farmer  aiiil 
Moore's  Col.  iJll,  iifil.  He  waseng;ap;ed  in  the  mastinp;  liu>i- 
ness  in  Kxeter,  where  Ik*  lived,  ami  havin<:;  some  fine  trees 
fallen  in  the  woods,  went  with  17  men  (o  peel  the  bark  otf, 
to  save  (hem  from  (he  worms  ;  hut  a  ;)ar(y  of  Indians,  on 
'J3  .Inne,  1710,  fired  vipon  them  from  an  ambush,  and  killed 
the  Colonel  and  two  more.  Colonel  Daniel  Plumer  of  Ep- 
pinp;,  informs  me  that  (he  tilacc  where  they  were  Uilled  is 
in  (lie  present  town  of  Eppm^j;,  N.  II.  Feriiaps  not  far  from 
u'hat  i'«  now  called  the  mast  nv/i/. 

t  Commander  of  die  .Jersey  fiif^ate. 

I  Commander  of  the  frigate  Gosport. 

§  May  15.  ||  See  note  on  page  2.i5. 

IT  A  small  woody  island  about  5  miles  south  easterly  from 
Montinicus. 

17 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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(716)  872-4503 


25S 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


of  whu  could  be  discovered.  [Here]*  they  met  wi.ft 
old  Lafaure,*  with  his  two  sons,  Thomas  and  Timo- 
thy, and  a  Canada  Indian. 

The  enemy  seeing  that  they  were  discovered,  threw 
down  their  ducks  and  eggs,  who  had  got  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  each,  and  ran  to  their  canoes,  getting 
into  them,  stood  directly  for  thp  main.  [On]  look- 
ing behind  them  perceived  the  whaleboats  to  gain  so 
fast  upon  them,  clapt  side  by  side,  and  all  four  got 
into  one  canoe,  which  proved  of  little  advantage  to 
them.  For  the  whaleboats  gained  so  much  upon 
them,  and  got  so  near,  that  Captain  Cook,  firing  at 
the  steersman,  which  was  the  Indian,  and  happened 
to  graze  his  skull,  and  quite  spoiled  his  paddling. 
Upon  which  old  Lafaure,  and  sons,  seeing  their  com- 
panion's condition,  soon  begged  for  quarter,  and  had 
it  granted.  The  two  Captains  with  their  success 
presently  returned  to  their  commander  taking  care 
that  their  captives  should  not  discourse  togetlier  be- 
fore they  were  examined.  When  brought  to  Colonel 
Church,  he  ordered  them  to  be  apart,  and  first  pro- 
ceeded to  examine  old  Lafaure,  whom  he  found  to 
be  very  surly  and  cross ;  so  that  he  could  gain  no 
intelligence  by  him. 

Upon  which  the  commander  was  resolved  to  put 
m  practice  what  he  had  formerly  done  at  Senecto.f 
Ordering  the  Indians  to  make  two  large  heaps  of  dry 
wood,  at  some  distance  one  from  the  other,  and  to  set 
a  large  stake  in  the  ground,  close  to  each  heap. 
Then  [he]  ordered  the  two  sons  Thomas  and  Timo- 
thy, to  be  brought,  and  to  be  bound  to  the  stakes  : 
also  ordering  his  Indians  to  paint  themselves  with  co- 
lours, which  they  had  brought  for  that  use.  Then 
the  Colonel  proceeded  to  examine,  first  Timothy; 

1  [where] 

•  Penhallow,  33,  in  N.  H.  Hist.  Col.  I,  calls  him  Monsieur 
Lafehure. 

t  Tlie  place,  which  on  page  229,  is  spelt  Senactaca.     See 
note  2  of  that  page. 


Hi!  ' 


1^TI"!V< 


j!.^^m**^,wi^a^^^^^^ 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


259 


[lie]^  told  him,  [that]  he  had  examined  his  father 
already,  and  that  if  he  told  him  the  trutii  he  would 
save  his  life,  and  take  him  into  his  service;  and  that 
he  should  have  good  pay  and  live  well.  He  answer- 
ed, that  he  would  tell  him  the  truth.  And  [.accord- 
ingly] gave  him  an  account  of  every  thing  [that]  he 
knew,  which  was  all  minuted  down.  He  being  ask- 
ed whether  his  brother  Thomas  did  not  know  more 
than  he  9  His  answer  was,  yes,  for  his  brother  Tho- 
mas had  a  commission  sent  him  from  the  Governour* 
of  Canada,  to  command  a  company  of  Indians,  whc 
were  gathered  together  at  a  place  where  some  French 
gentlemen,  lately  arrived  from  Canada,  who  were 
officers,  to  command  the  rest  that  were  to  go  west- 
ward to  fight  the  English  ;f  and  that  there  was  sent 
to  his  father,  and  brother  Tom,  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  flour,  fruit,  ammunition  and  stores,  for  t!ie 
supply  of  the  said  army.  He  being  asked  whether 
he  could  pilot  our  forces  to  them  !■  said  no  ;  but 
his  brother  Tom  could,  for  he  had  hid  it,  and  that  !ie 
was  not  then  with  him  *?  The  Colonel  asked  him  wliat 
gentlemen  those  were  that  came  from  Canada  1  He 

1  [and] 

•  Vaudreuil. 

t  This  is  supposed  bythe  historian  of  Newhampshire,  to 
be  the  army  of  which  Penhallow  gives  an  account ;  wlio 
mutinied  in  their  march  "  about  the  plunder  that  they  had 
in  view  ;  forgetting  the  proverb  about  dividing  the  skin  be- 
fore the  bear  was  killed."  In  consequence  of  their  mutiny 
most  of  them  returned  ;  but  a  subdivision  of  them  fell  upon 
Lancaster  and  Groton,  killed  two  or  throe  persons,  and  got 
some  plunder.  But  this  army  does  not  correspond  with  the 
statement  given  by  Dr.  Belknap.  See  page  161,  note  2. 
After  JNIr.  Penhallow  has  got  quite  thiough  with  tiie  ex()edi- 
tion  of  Church,  and  the  affair  under  "  Mr.  Caleb  Lyinaii"  at 
the  westward,  he  savs,  "  The  French  in  Canada  were  now 
forming  another  design  on  Northampton."  Now  it  appears 
to  mc,  that  the  Doctor  is  out  in  his  conjecture,  and  that  the 
army' mentioned  by  Penhallow  was  not  the  one  mentioned  by 
our  aithor.  And  had  he  looked  into  Dr.  Douglass,  Summa- 
ry, I,  557,  he  would  have  found  more  particulars  about  it. 


SCO 


FIIENCH  ANP  INDIAN  U'ARS. 


answered,  "  Monsieur  Gourdan,*  ai  d  Mr.  Sharkcc." 
licing  asked  where  they  were  ?  answered,  "  At  Pas- 
Bumaquado,  building  a  fort  there."  Being  also  asked 
wJiat  number  of  Indians  and  French  there  were  at 
Penobscot?  he  answered,  [that]  there  were  several 
families,  but  they  lived  scattering.  Asked  him  far- 
ther, if  he  would  pilot  our  forces  thither?  [He]  an- 
swered [that]  he  would  if  the  commander  would  not 
let  the  savages  roast  him.  Upon  which  the  Colonel 
ordered  him  to  be  loosed  from  the  stake,  and  took 
him  by  the  hand,  told  him,  he  would  be  as  kind  to 
him  as  his  own  father ;  at  wiiich  he  seemed  to  be 
very  thankful. 

And  then  the  Colonel  proceeded  to  examine  his 
brother  Tom.  [He]^  told  him  that  he  had  examined 
his  father  and  Urother ;  and  that  his  brother  had  told 
him  every  tittle  [that]  he  knew ;  and  that  he  knew 
more  tlian  his  brother  Timothy  did ;  and  that  if 
he  would  be  ingenuous  and  confess  all  he  knew,  he 
sliould  fare  as  well  as  his  brother.  But  if  not,  the 
savages  should  roast  him.  Whereupon  he  solemnly 
promised  that  he  would,  and  that  he  would  pilot  him 
to  every  thing  he  knew,  to  the  value  of  a  knife  and 
sheath  (which  without  doubt  he  did.) 

Then  the  Colonel  immediately  gave  orders  for  the 
whaleboats  to  be  ready,  and  wentdirectly  over  where 
the  said  goods  and  stores  were,  and  found  them  as 
informed,  took  them  on  I  '  the  boats,  and  return- 
ed to  their  transports.  ordering  provisions  to 
be  put  into  every  man's  knapsack  for  six  or  eight  days  ; 
so  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening  left  their  transports, 
with  orders  how  they  should  act,  and  went  directly 
for  the  main  land  of  Penobscot,  and  mouth  of  that 

1 [and] 

•  Guorden  appears  to  be  the  true  oi  tliography  of  this  name. 
He  was  allerward  taken  as  will  piesenlly  be  seen.  Sharkee 
made  a  very  narrow  escape  with  his  wife  into  the  woods. 
Penhallow,  17,  says  he  was  taken,  but  iit»  must  be  mistaken. 
This  errour  is  not  noted  in  the  N.  H.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.  See 
page  34. 


rRENCll  AND  INDIAN  WAKS 


261 


river,  with  their  pilots,  Tom  and  Timothy,  who  car- 
ried them  directly  to  every  pltice  and  hiibitation, 
both  of  French  and  Indians  thereabouts,  (with  tlie  as- 
sistance of  one  DeYonng*  whom  they  curried  out  of 
Boston  jail  for  the  same  purpose,  [and  he]'  was  s(;r- 
viceable  to  them.) 

Being  there  we  killed  and  took  every  one,  h  >th 
French  and  Indians ;  not  knowing  that  any  one  did 
escape  in  all  Penobscot.  Among  those  tliat  were 
taken  was  St.  Casteen's  daughter,  who  said  that  hor 
husband  was  gone  to  France,  to  her  father,  jMonsieur 
Casteen.f  Slie  having  her  children  with  hor,  the 
commander  was  very  kind  to  her  and  them.  All  tlie 
prisoners  that  were  then  taken,  held  to  one  story  in 
general,  which  they  hud  from  Lafaure's  sons,  [viz., J 
that  there  were  no  more  Indians  thereabouts,  but 
enough  of  them  at  Passamequado.  Upon  which  they 
returned  to  their  transports  with  tiieir  prisoners  and 
plunder. 

The  commander  giving  order  immediately  for  the 
soldiers  in  the  whaleboats  to  have  a  recruit  of  i)ro 
visions  for  a  further  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  Giving 
orders  to  the  transports  to  stay  a  few  days  more;  tliere, 
and  then  go  to  Mountdcsart,  (and  there  to  stay  f  tr 
her  Majesty's  ships,  who  were  directed  to  conjc 
t'.ither,)  and  there  to  wait  his  further  order. 

Then  Colonel  Church  with  his  forces  immediately 
embarked  on  board  their  whaleboats,  and  proceeded 
to  scour  the  coast,  and  to  try,  if  they  could  discover 
any  of  the  enemy  coming  from  Passamequado  ;  mak- 
ing their  stops  in  the  day  time  at  all  the  points  and 
places  where  they  were  certain  [that]  the  enemy 
would  land,  or  come  by  with  their  canoes,  and  at 
night  to  their  paddles.    Then  coming  near  where  t!u: 

1  [who] 

•  In  Penhallow,  17,  his  name  is  written  D'Youns  and  not 
D.  Young  as  reprinted  in  Col.  N.  H.  Hist.  See.  I,  33. 

t  Baron  De  St.  Castine.     See  note  1,  on  page  164. 


P 


r 


262 


FRENCH  AND  IND.AN  -WARS. 


vessels  were  ordered  to  come,  liaving  made  no  dis- 
covery of  the  enemy,  went  directly  to  Mountdesart, 
where  the  transports  were  just  come.  And  taking 
some  provisions  for  his  soldiers,  gave  directions  for 
the  ships  and  transports  in  six  days  to  come  directly 
to  Passamequado,  where  they  should  find  him  and 
his  forces. 

Then  immediately  moved  away  in  the  whaleboats, 
and  made  diligent  search  along  shore,  as  formerly, 
inspecting  all  places  where  the  enemy  was  likely 
to  lurk :  Particularly  at  Machias,  but  found  neither 
fires  nor  tracks.  Coming  afterwards  to  the  west  har- 
bour at  Passamequado,  where  they  entered  upon  ac- 
tion. An  account  whereof  Colonel  Church  did  com- 
municate to  his  excellency,  being  as  follovveth. 

"  May  it  please  your  Excellency, 

I  received  yours  of  this  instant,  October  ninth, 
with  the  two  inclosed  informations,  that  concern  ray 
actions  at  Passamequado,  wiiicii  I  will  give  a  just 
and  true  account  of,  as  near  as  possibly  I  can,  viz 
On  the  seventh  of  June  last,  1704,  in  the  evening, 
we  entered  in  at  the  westward  harbour  at  said  Pas- 
samequado. Coming  up  said  harbour  to  an  island, 
where  landing,  we  came  to  a  French  house,  and  took 
a  French  woman  and  children.  The  woman  upon  her 
examination,  said  her  husband  was  abroad  a  fishing. 
I  asked  her,  whether  there  were  any  Indians  there- 
abouts 1  she  said  '  Yes,  there  were  a  great  many,  and 
several  on  that  island.'  I  asked  her,  whether  she 
could  pilot  me  to  them?  said  'No,  they  hid  in  the 
woods.'  I  asked  her,  when  she  saw  them  9  answer- 
ed, 'Just  now,  or  a  little  while  since.'  I  asked  her 
whether  she  knew  where  they  had  laid  the  canoes  9 
she  answered  '  No,  they  carried  their  canoes  into  the 
woods  with  them.'  We  then  hastened  away  along 
shore,  seizing  what  prisoners  we  could,  taking  old 
Lotriel  and  his  family. 

This  intelligence  caused  me  to  leave  Colonel  Gor- 


FRENCH  :MB  INDIAN  WARS. 


263 


ham,  and  a  considerable  part  of  my  men,  and  boats 
with  him  at  that  island;  partly  to  guard  and  secure 
those  prisoners.  Being  sensible  it  would  be  a  great 
trouble  to  have  them  to  secure  and  guard  at  our  next 
landing,  where  I  did  really  expect,  and  hoped  to  have 
an  opportunity;  to  fight  our  Indian  enemies.  Fcr  all 
our  French  prisoners  that  we  had  taken  at  Penobscot, 
and  along  shore,  had  informed  us,  that  when  we 
came  to  tne  place  where  these  Canada  gentlemen 
lived,  we  should  certainly  meet  with  the  savages  to 
fight  us;  those  being  the  only  men  that  set  the  In- 
dians against  us,  or  upon  us,  and  were  newly  come 
from  Canada,  to  manage  the  war  against  us.  (Plead- 
ing in  this  account  and  information  their  own  inno- 
cency.)  And  partly  in  hopes  that  he,  the  said  Co- 
lonel Gorham,  '.vould  have  a  good  opportunity  in  the 
morning  to  destroy  some  of  those  our  enemies,  (we 
were  informed  [of,]  by  the  said  French  women  as 
above)  with  the  use  ot  his  boats  as  I  had  given  di- 
rection. 

Ordering  also  Major  Hilton  to  pass  over  to  the 
next  island,  that  lay  east  of  us  with  a  small  party  of 
men  and  boats,  to  surprise  and  destroy  any  of  the 
enemy,  that  in  their  canoes  might  go  here  and  there, 
from  any  place,  to  make  their  flight  from  us ;  and, 
as  he  had  opportunity,  to  take  any  French  prisoners. 

We  then  immediately  moved  up  the  river,  in  the 
dai'k  night,  through  great  difficulty,  by  reason  of  the 
eddies  and  whirlpools,  made  with  the  fierceness  of 
the  current.  And  here  it  may  be  hinted,  that  we 
had  information,  that  Lotriel  had  lost  part  of  his 
family  passing  over  to  the  next  island,  falling  into 
one  of  those  eddies  were  drowned,  which  the  two  pi- 
lots told  to  discourage  me.  But  I  said  nothing  of 
that  nature  shall  do  it.  For  I  was  resolved  to  ven- 
ture up,  and  therefore,  forthwith  paddling  our  boats 
as  privately  as  we  could,  and  with  as  much  expedi- 
tion as  we  could  make  with  our  paddles  and  the 
help  of  a  strong  tide,  we  came  up  to  Monsieur  Gour- 


2G4 


FUENCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


dan's  a  littlo  before  day.  Where  tiiking  notice  of 
the  shore,  and  finding  it  somewliat  open  and  clear,  I 
ordered  Captain  Mirick  and  Captain  Cole,  having 
English  companies,  to  tarry  with  several  of  the  boats 
to  be  ready,  that  if  any  of  the  enemy  should  come 
down  out  of  the  brush  into  the  bay  (it  being  very 
oroad  in  that  place)  with  their  canoes,  they  might 
take  and  destroy  them. 

Ordering  the  remainder  of  the  army,  (being  land- 
ed,) with  myself  and  the  other  officers,  to  marcii  up 
into  the  woods  with  a  wide  front,  and  to  keep  at  a 
considerable  distance  ;  for  that  if  they  should  run  in 
hcpps,  the  enemy  would  have  the  greater  advantage. 
And  further  directing  them,  (hat  if  possible,  they 
should  destroy  the  enemy  with  their  hatchets,  and 
not  fire  a  gun.  This  order  I  always  gave  at  land- 
ing; telling  them  the  inconvenicncy  of  firing,  in 
that  it  might  be,  first,  dangerous  to  themselves,  they 
being  many  of  them  young  soldiers.  (As  I  had 
sometime  observed,  that  one  or  two  guns  being  fired 
m.any  others  would  fire,  at  they  knew  not  what,  as 
happened  presently  after.)  And  it  would  alarm  the 
enemy,  and  give  them  the  opportunity  to  make  iheii 
escape;  and  it  might  alarm  the  whole  country,  and 
also  prevent  all  further  action  from  taking  ellect. 

Orders  being  thus  passed,  we  moved  directly  to- 
wards the  woods.  Le  Faver's*  son  directing  us  to  a 
little  hut  or  wigwam,  which  we  immediately  surround- 
ed with  a  few  men.  The  rest  marching  directly  up 
into  the  woods,  to  see  what  wigwams  or  huts  they 
could  (discover.  Myself  made  a  little  stop,  ordering 
the  pilot  to  tell  them  in  the  hut,  that  they  were  sur- 
rounded with  an  army,  and  that  if  they  would  come 
forth  and  surrender  themselves,  they  should  have 
good  quarter  ;  but  if  not,  they  should  be  all  knocked 
on  the  head  and  die. 

One  of  them  showed  himself,  [and]  I  asked  who 

•  The  same,  who  in  the  late  preceding  pages  is  called  La" 
faure.     See  note  1,  on  i)age  258. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WMlif 


205 


he  was?  He  suwl  *  (lounhin  ;'  ninl  iKJg^cd  fortjuar- 
ter.  I  told  him  lie  should  huvo  good  <]uurter  ;  add- 
ing further,  that  if  thero  wore  any  more  in  the  Jiouse, 
they  should  come  out.  Then  came  out  two  men. 
Gourdan  said,  they  were  liis  ons,  an<l  asked  quarter 
for  them,  which  was  also  gnuited.  'J'hen  came  out 
a  woman,  and  a  little  boy.  She  fell  upon  her  knees, 
[)cgged  (juartcr  for  herself  and  children,  and  that  I 
would  not  suifer  the  Indians  to  kill  them.  I  told 
them  they  should  have  good  (juarter,  and  not  be 
hurt.  After  which  1  ordered  u  small  guard  over 
them,  and  so  moved  presently  up  with  the  rest  of  my 
company  after  them  that  were  gone  before.  Uk! 
looking  on  my  right  han<l,  over  u  little  run,  1  saw 
something  look  black  just  by  mn ;  [Ij  stopped  and 
heard  a  talking  ;  [then]  stopped  over,  and  saw  a  litth.' 
hut  or  wigwam,  with  a  crowd  of  people  round  about 
it,  which  was  contrary  to  my  former  diri;ctions.  [I ' 
asked  them  what  they  were  doing?  They  repli- 
ed, [that]  there  were  some  of  tlu;  enemy  in  a  house 
and  would  not  come  out.  I  ask(!d  what  house  '^ 
they  said,  'A  bark  house;.'  1  hastily  bid  them  pull 
it  down,  and  knock  them  on  the.  head,  never  asking 
whether  they  were  Freneli  or  Indians;  they  being 
all  enemies  alike  to  me.* 

•  The  Colonel  was  much  hlnmed  for  this  imsty  step  ;  and 
Hutchinson  says,  II,  133,  (hat  he  "excused  himself  hut  indil- 
ferently."  Of  whieh,  however,  tlic  reader  may  judge  as 
well  as  he.  It  docs  i.ot  appear  fron»  a  lonj;  career  of  useful 
services,  that  Church  was  ever  rash  or  cruel.  From  the  ex- 
traordinary situation  of  his  men,  reiu'eretl  douhly  critical 
from  the  darkness  of  the  night,  and  t'  ■  yhiiost  certain  intel- 
ligence, that  a  great  army  of  the  ei  'i.;y  were  at  hand,  i:? 
thought  to  be  sutTicient  excuse  for  tiic  m  asure  ;  the  remark 
of  Hutchir.son  to  the  contrary  notwithstandin}:;.  The  same 
author,  II,  V29,  excuses  the  French  and  Indians  for  their 
cruelty  in  putting  to  deatii  prisoners  at  the  destruction  of 
Deerliehl  ;  because  it  was  necessary  to  their  own  r.reserva- 
tion,  and  the  Englisli  had  done  so  too  ,  ami  gives  lor  exam- 
ple the  action  of  Henry  V,  who,  after  tlic  celebrated  battle 
of  Agincourt,  put  to  death  a  multitmle  of  his  French  prujo 


266 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


And  passing  then  to  them,  and  seeing  Jiem  in 
great  disorder,  so  many  of  the  army  in  u  crowd  to- 
gether, acting  so  contrary  to  my  conmiand  and  di- 
rection, exposing  themselves  and  the  whole  army  to 
utter  ruin,  by  their  so  disorderly  crowding  thick  to- 
gether. Had  an  enemy  come  upon  tliein  in  that  in- 
t«rim,  and  fired  a  volley  amongst  theni,  they  could 
not  have  missed  a  shot.  And  wholly  neglecting 
their  duty  in  not  attending  my  orders,  in  sefuchin;j: 
diligently  for  our  lurking  enemies  in  their  wigvvanKs, 
or  by  their  fires,  where  I  had  great  hopes,  and  real 
expectations  to  meet  with  them. 

I  most  certainly  know  that  I  was  in  an  exceeding 
great  passion ;  but  not  with  those  poor  miserable 
enemies ;  for  I  took  no  notice  of  a  half  a  dozen  of 
tlie  enemy,  when  at  the  same  time  I  expected  to  be 
engaged  with  some  hundreds  of  them ;  of  whom  we 
nad  a  continued  account,  who  were  expected  from 
I'ortroyal  side.  In  this  heat  of  action,  every  word 
that  I  then  spoke,  I  cannot  give  an  account  of;  and 
I  presume  it  is  impossible. 

[  stopped  but  little  here,  but  went  directly  up  in- 
to the  woods,  hoping  to  be  better  employed  with  the 
rest  of  the  army.  I  listened  to  hear,  and  looked 
earnestly  to  see  what  might  be  the  next  action. 
But  meeting  with  many  of  the  soldiers  they  told  me 
[that]  they  had  discovered  nothing ;  we  fetching  a 
small  compass  round,  came  down  again. 

It  being  pretty  dark,  I  took  notice,  [that]  I  saw 
two  men  lay  dead,  as  I  thought,  at  the  end  of  the 
house  where  the  door  was;   and  immediately  the 

ners,  that  greatly  exceeded  the  number  of  b's  own  army. 
This  was  in  a  barbarous  age  :  "being  200  years  before  the 
settlement  of  Newengland.  Hence  it  would  have  been  much 
easier  for  him  to  excuse  our  hero  than  the  enemy.  For  ac- 
cording to  the  usages  of  war,  he  would  have  been  justified  in 
putting  to  death  prisoners  at  such  a  critical  time.  But  these 
were  enemies  who  would  not  submit ;  or  what  amounted  to 
the  same  thing,  they  would  not  come  out  of  their  bouse 
when  ordered  by  the  forces. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2G7 


guns  wont  oil',  (ind  tliey  liied  every  mun,  as  I  thought, 
and  most  towards  thut  phico  wheru  I  lull  the  guard 
with  Monsieur  Gnurdau.  I  had  much  ado  to  stop 
tlie  firing,  and  told  tliem,  I  thought  thoy  were  mad ; 
and  [that]  I  believed  they  had  not  killed  and  wound- 
ed less  than  forty  or  fifty  of  our  own  men.  And  I 
asked  them  what  they  shot  at'?  they  answered,  '  At 
a  Frenchnuiii  tiiat  ran  away.'  But  to  admiration  no 
man  was  killed  but  he,  [the  Frenchman]  and  one  of 
our  men  wounded  in  the  leg.  And  I  turning  about, 
a  Frenchman  spoke  to  me,  and  I  gave  him  quarter. 

Daylight  coming  on,  and  no  discovery  made  of  the 
enemy,  I  went  to  the  place  where  I  had  left  Mon- 
sieur Gourdan,  to  examine  him  and  his  sons,  who 
agreed  in  their  examinations ;  told  mo  two  of  their 
men  were  abroad.  It  j)roved  a  damage.  And 
further  told  me,  that  Monsieur  Slmrkee  lived  several 
leagues  up,  at  the  head  of  the  river,  at  the  falls,  and 
all  the  Indians  were  fishing,  and  tending  tlieir  corn 
there;  and  that  Monsieur  Slmrkee  Inul  sent  dowik 
to  him,  to  come  up  to  him,  to  atlviso  about  the  In- 
dian army*  that  was  to  go  westward.  But  he  had 
returned  him  answer,  [tliat]  his  business  was  urgent, 
and  he  could  not  come  up  ;  and  that  Sharkee,  an(l 
the  Indians  would  certainly  be  down  that  day,  or  the 
next  at  the  furthest,  to  come  to  conclude  of  that 
matter. 

This  was  a  short  night's  action,  and  all  sensible 
men  do  well  know,  that  actions  done  in  the  dark, 
(being  in  the  night  aforesaid)  under  so  many  dif- 
ficulties, as  wo  then  laboured  as  before  related, 
was  a  very  hard  task  for  one  man,  matters  being  cir- 
cumstanced as  in  this  action,  which  would  not  admit 
of  crJIing  a  council ;  and  at  that  time  could  not  bo 
con  fill  jd  thereunto.  At  which  time  I  was  transport- 
c.l  above  fear,  or  any  sort  of  dread;  yet,  being  sensi- 
ble of  the  danger  in  my  army's  crowding  so  thick 
together,  and  of  the  great  duty  incumbent  on  me, 

•  Sec  notp  2,  of  page  259 


268 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUS 


to  preserve  tlioin  from  i«]l  (liiii<r('r  [tliatj  I  po-iniMy 
could,  for  fiirtlu-r  iinprovciiK'nt  in  tli(;  (Icsfnictiop  ot 
our  iiiipliiciil)I(!  ciKiuies,  am  rcmly  to  conclude,  tlial 
I  was  very  (|uick  ar.d  ubsolute  in  ^'iviiiuf  such  coni- 
niJinds  iind  ordiTs,  as  I  then  apprcliendcd  nio>it  pro- 
per and  advarita^couii.  And  had  it  not  heen  lor  the 
int('lli;^enco  I  had  rec(;ived  from  tlio  l''rencli,  wo  took 
at  l'enol)scot,  as  bjd'ore  hinted  ;  and  the  false  n'port 
[that]  the  French  women  (first  took)  ;;ave  uh;,  I  had 
not  been  in  such  haste. 

IqiU'stion  not,  hut  tluise  I'Veiirhinj'n  tliat  were  slain, 
had  the  same  ^ooil  (piarter  of  otiu'r  prisoners.  lint 
I  ever  looked  on  it,  a  :rood  providence  of  Ahni<j;hty 
God,  that  some  f(!W  of  our  crn<d  and  bloody  enemies 
were  made  sensible  of  their  bloody  crueltirs,  pcrpo- 
trated  on  my  dear  and  loving  friends  and  countrymen  ; 
and  that  the  same  mrasun;  (in  part)  mcet!'d  to  them, 
as  they  had  been  gciity  of,  in  a  barbiir'>us  manner  at 
Dccrfield  ;  and,  I  hope,  justly.  I  li')|)i;  (\.h\  Almighty 
will  accept  hereof,  although  it  may  iiot  Ix;  eligible  to 
our  French  im|)lacal)le  eneuues,  and  such  (ithers  as 
are  not  our  friends. 

The  fonjgoing  journal,  and  this  short  annexinent. 
I  thought  it  my  duty  to  exhibit,  f^r  the  (-atisfjction  of 
my  friends  and  countrymen,  whom  I  very  I" litldully 
and  willingly  served  in  the  late  expeditioM.  Anil  [ 
hope  will  find  acceptance  with  your  excellency,  the 
honourable  council  and  Representatives  now  assem- 
bled, as  being  done  from  the  zeal  I  had  in  iIk;  said 
service  of  her  Majesty,  and  her  good  snbj  cts  h.(3r(!. 
I  remain  your  most  hinnbh!  and  obedient  servant, 

HEXJAMIN  CllUilClI." 


This  night's  service  being  over,  immediately  Col- 
onel Church  leaves  a  sullicient  guard  with  (lourdan 
and  the  other  prisoners,  nK)ved  in  some  whah-boats 
with  the  rest ;  and  as  they  were  going,  spied  a 
small  thing  upon  the  water  at  a  great  distance,  whicli 
proved  to  be  a  birch  canoe  with  two  Indians  in  her 


■■y-*a-^'-jpjg-ij^''^'wa6iaf  i"" 


/in.  ---..■fe-J-ki''-'^  -: "_  i_"^^r  jf?^. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUs. 


209 


The  Colonel  prcHcntly  onlcrcd  the  lij^htcs  hont  ho 
hml,  to  niako  the  hest  of  her  wiiy,  and  <fiit  thcrn  oil* 
from  tlio  shore.  Hut  the  IndinriH  |)erceivuig  their  de- 
sifji),  ran  tlieir  canoe  nshoro  and  lied.  Colonel 
Church  fciiring  TthatJ  ihey  would  run  directly  to 
Sharkec,  made  all  the  cxocdition  iina<;inal)le.  But 
it  l)ein;j;  ehl),  and  the  water  low,  was  obli<red  to  land, 
and  make  the  best  of  their  way  tlirou;u'h  the  woods, 
lio|)in<j;to  intercept  the  Indians,  and  get  to  Sharkee's 
house  before  them,  which  was  two  miles  from  where 
our  forces  landed. 

The  Col(>nel  being  ancient  and  unwieldy,  desired 
Sergeant  Edee  to  run  with  him.  Arid  coming  to 
several  trees  fallen,  which  he  could  not  creep  under, 
or  readily  get  over,  would  lay  his  breast  against  the 
tre(!,  the  said  Kdeo  turning  him  over,  generally  had 
catluck,  falling  on  his  feet,  by  which  means  [he] 
icept  in  the  front.  And  coming  near  to  Sharkee's 
house,  discovered  some  French  and  Indians  .;  iking 
a  wear'*  in  the  river,  and  presently  discovered  the  two 
Indians  aforementioned,  who  called  to  them  at  work 
in  the  river,  [and]  told  them,  [that]  "  there  was  an 
army  of  English  an  Indians  just  by."  [They]'  im- 
mediately left  their  work  and  ran,  endeavouring  to 
get  to  Sharkee's  house.  [Ile]^  hearing  the  noise, 
took  his  lady  and  child  and  ran  into  the  woods.  Our 
men  rumiing  briskly,  fired  and  killed  one  of  the  In- 
dians, and  took  the  rest  prisoners. 

Then  going  to  Shark  ee's  house  found  a  woman  and 
child,  to  whom  they  gave  gf»od  quarter.  And  find- 
ing that  Madam  Sharkee  had  left  her  silk  clothes  and 
line  linen  behind  her,  our  foices  were  desirous  to  have 
pursued  and  taken  her.  But  Colonel  Cliurch  forbade 
liiem ;  saying  he  would  have  hei  run  and  suffer,  that 
she  might  be  made  sensible,  what  hardships  our  poor 
people  had  sulfered  by  them,  &,c.  [lie]  tlien  pro- 
1  [who]  2  [who] 

*  Oti  wier,  a  rack  to  catch  fish  m. 


270 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


ceeded  to  examine  the  prisoners  newly  taken,  who 
gave  him  the  same  account  [tliat]  he  had  before,  of 
the  Indians  being  up  at  the  falls,  &c.  It  being  just 
night,  prevented  our  attacking  them  that  night. 

But  next  morning  early,  they  moved  up  to  the  falls 
which  was  about  a  mile  higher.  But  doubtless  the 
enemy  had  some  intelligence  by  the  two  aforesaid  In- 
dians, before  our  forces  came,  so  that  they  all  got  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river,  and  left  some  of  their 
goods  by  the  water  side  to  decoy  our  men,  that  so 
they  might  fire  upon  them  ;  which  indeed  they  eject- 
ed. But  through  the  good  providence  of  God,  never 
a  man  of  ours  was  killed,  and  but  one  slightly  wound- 
ed. After  a  short  dispute.  Colonel  Church  ordered 
tluit  every  man  might  take  what  they  pleased  of  tlie 
fi'sh,  which  lay  bundled  up,  and  to  burn  the  rest, 
which  was  a  great  quantity.  The  enemy  seeing  what 
our  forces  were  about,  and  tiiat  their  stock  of  fish 
was  destroyed,  and  the  season  being  over  for  getting 
any  more,  set  up  a  hideous  cry,  and  so  ran  all  away 
into  the  woods.  They  being  all  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river,  ours  could  not  ft»llovv  them. 

Having  done,  our  forces  marcfied  down  to  their  boats, 
at  Sharkee's,  and  took  their  prisoners,  beaver,  and 
other  plunder  which  they  had  got,  and  put  it  into 
their  boats,  and  went  down  to  Gourdan's  house,  where 
they  had  left  Lieutenant  Colonel  Gorham,  and  Major 
Hilton,  with  part  of  the  forces  to  guard  the  prisoners, 
(and  kept  a  good  look  out  for  more  of  the  enemy) 
who  upon  the  Colonel's  return,  gave  him  an  account 
that  they  had  made  no  discovery  of  the  enemy  since 
he  left  them,  &c. 

Just  then  her  Majesty's  ships  and  transports  arriv- 
ing, the  commanders  of  her  Majesty's  ships  told  Col- 
onel Church,  that  they  had  orders  to  go  directly  for 
Portroyal  gut,  and  wait  the  coming  of  some  store 
ships,*  which  were  expected  at  Portroyal  from  France. 

•  No  shins  arriveil,  or  at  least,  we  have  no  account  of  any. 
Holmes,  II,  65,  mentions,  sub  anno  1705,  that  a  rich  ship 


FRENXH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


271 


And  Colonel  Church  advising  with  them,  proposed 
that  it  WU3  very  expedient  and  serviceable  to  the 
crown,  that  Captain  Southack  in  the  Province  galley 
should  accompany  them,  which  they  did  readily  ac- 
quiesce with  him  in. 

Upon  which,  the  Colonel  immediately  embarked 
liis  forces  on  board  the  transports,  and  himself  on 
board  Captain  Jarvis,  ordering  the  commresary  of  the 
stores,  the  minister,  surgeons  and  pilots  all  to  embark 
on  board  the  same  vessel  with  him.  Ordering  all 
the  whalcboats  to  be  put  on  board  the  transports,  and 
then  to  come  to  sail.  The  ships  standing  away  for 
Portroyal  ^ut,  and  Colonel  Church  with  the  trans- 
ports for  Menis.  In  tlieir  way  the  Colonel  inquired 
of  their  pilot,  Fellows,  vvhat  depth  of  water  there  was 
in  the  creek,  near  the  town  of  Menis  9  he  answered 
him,  that  there  was  water  enough,  near  the  town,  to 
float  th't.  vessel,  they  were  in,  at  low  water. 

So,  \\:icn  coming  near.  Colonel  Church  observed  a 
.voody  island  between  them  and  the  town,  that  thc\ 
ran  up  on  the  back  side  of,  (the  said  island)  vvitli 
all  their  transports,  undiscovered  to  the  enemy,  and 
came  to  anchor.  Then  the  Colonel  and  all  his  for- 
ces embarked  in  the  whaleboats.  It  being  late  in  the 
day,  [tlioy]  moved  directly  for  the  town ;  and  in  the 
way  asked  for  the  pilot,  who,  he  expected,  was  in  ono 
of  the  boats;  but  he  had  given  him  the  slip,  and  tar- 
ried beliind.  The  Colonel  not  knowing  the  difficul- 
ties that  might  attend  their  going  up  to  the  town,  im- 
mediately  sent  Lieutenant  Giles,  who  could  s;jeak 
French,  with  a  flag  of  ti"uce  up  to  the  town,  (will'  a 

namod  tlio  Sirno,  wfts  taken,  the  preceding  autumn,  by  the 
Englis)) ;  and  tliat  she  was  bound  to  Quebeck,  with  a  carijo 
amountini;  to  nearly  a  million  of  livres.  But  this  was  m 
June,  hpnop  it  does  not  agree  with  the  supposition  that  said 
shin  was  taken  by  ChurcTi's  convoy.  He  cites  Charlevoix, 
ancl  the  Universal  History.  Dr.  Dcug;lass,  I,  557,  in  this, 
as  well  as  many  other  cases,  comes  liappily  to  our  relief.  Hf 
informs  us,  that  this  ship  -was  taken  by  an  English  Vir- 
ginia Fleet." 


\  i 
■    I 


272 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


summons,  which  was  written  before  they  landed,)  ex- 
pecting their  surrender,  which  is  as  followeth. 

"  Aboard  her  Majesty's  Ship  Adventure,  near  the  gul 
ofMenis,  June  20,  1704. 

An  agreement  made  by  the  field  officers  commanding 
her  Majesty's  forces  for  the  present  expedition 
against  the  French  enemies,  and  Indian  rebels. 

Agreed,  that  a  dechiration  or  summons  be  sent  on 
shore  at  Menis  and  Portroyal,  under  a  flag  of  truce. 

Particularly,  we  do  declare  to  you,  the  many  cruel- 
tics  and  barbarities  that  you  and  the  Indians  have 
been  guilty  of  towards  us,  in  laying  waste  our  coun- 
try here  in  the  east  at  Casco,  and  the  places  adja- 
cent. Particularly,  the  horrid  action  at  Deerfield, 
this  last  winter,  in  killing,  massacreing,  murdering 
and  scalping,  without  giving  any  notice  at  all,  or  op- 
portunity to  ask  quarter  at  your  hands  ;  and,  after  all, 
carrying  the  remainder  into  captivity  in  the  height 
of  winter,  (of  which  they  killed  many  in  the  journey) 
and  exposed  the  rest  to  the  hardships  of  cold  and 
famine,  worse  than  death  itself.  Which  cruelties  we 
are  yet  every  day  exposed  unto  and  exercised  with. 

We  do  also  declare,  that  we  have  already  made 
some  beginnings  of  killing  and  scalping  some  Cana- 
da men,  (which  we  have  not  been  wont  to  do  or  al- 
low) and  are  now  come  with  a  great  army  of  English 
nnd  Indians,  all  volunteers,  with  resolutions  to  sub- 
due you,  and  make  you  sensible  of  your  cruelties  to 
us,  by  treating  you  after  thp  same  manner. 

At  this  time  we  expect  our  men  of  wor  and  tran- 
sport ships  to  be  at  Portroyal.  (We  having  but  late- 
ly parted  with  them.) 

In  the  last  place,  we  do  declare  to  you,  tliat  in- 
asmuch as  some  of  you  have  shown  kindness  to  our 
captives,  and  expressed  a  love  tc,  and  desire  of  be- 
ing under  the  English  government,  we  do  tlicrefore, 
notwithstanding  all  this,  give  you  timely  notice,  and 


FllENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS.  273 

io  demand  a  surrender  immediately,  by  the  laying 
down  your  arms,  upon  which,  we  promise  very  good 
quarter  ;  if  not,  you  must  expect  the  utmost  severity. 
To  the  chief  commander  of  the  town  of  Menis, 
and  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  we  expect  your  an- 
swer, positively,  within  an  hour. 

Benjamin  Church,  Col. 

John  Gorham,  Lieut.  Col. 

WiNTHRop  Hilton,  Maj." 

Then  moving  to  the  creek,  expecting  to  have  had 
water  enough  for  the  boats,  as  the  pilot  had  informed 
tliem,  but  Ibund  not  water  enough  for  a  canoe.  So 
[tiiey]  were  obliged  to  land,  intending  to  have  been 
up  at  the  town  before  the  hour  was  out,  that  the 
summons  expressed.  For  their  return  was,  "  that 
if  our  forces  would  not  hurt  their  estates,  then  they 
would  surrender,  if  otherwise  intended,  they  should 
fight  for  them,"  &c. 

But  meeting  with  several  creeks,  near  twenty  or 
thirty  feet  deep,  which  were  very  muddy  and  dirty ; 
so  that  the  army  could  not  get  over  them,  [and]  were 
obliged  to  return  to  their  boats  again,  and  wait  till 
within  night,  before  the  tide  served  them  to  go  up 
to  the  town.  And  then  [they]  intended  to  go  up 
pretty  near  the  town,  and  not  to  fall  to,  till  morning  : 
being  in  hopes  that  the  banks  of  the  creeks  would 
shelter  them  from  the  enemy.  But  the  tide's  rising 
so  high,  exposed  them  all  {p  the  enemy ;  who  had 
the  trees  and  woods  to  befriend  them;  and  so  came 
down  in  the  night,  and  fired  smartly  at  our  forces. 
I^tit  Colonel  Church  being  in  a  pinnace,  that  had  a 
small  cannon  placed  in  the  head,  ordered  it  to  be 
charged  several  times  with  bullets,  in  small  bags, 
and  tired  at  the  enemy ;  which  made  such  a  rattling 
amongst  the  trees,  that  [it]  caused  the  enemy  to 
draw  off.  And  by  the  great  providence  of  Almighty 
God,  not  one  of  our  forces  was  hurt  that  night.     But 

M        13 


274 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAKS. 


as  I  have  been  informed,  [tiie  enemy]*  had  one  In- 
dian killed,  and  some  others  wounded,  which  was 
some  discouragement  to  [them.p 

Next  morning,  by  break  of  day.  Colonel  Church 
ordered  all  his  forces  (and  placed  Major  Hilton  on 
the  right  wing)  to  run  all  up,  driving  the  enemy  be- 
fore them  ;  who  leaving  their  town  to  our  forces,  but 
had  carried  away  the  best  of  their  goods,  which  were 
soon  found  by  our  soldiers.  The  bulk  of  the  enemy 
happening  to  lie  against  our  right  wing,  caused  the 
hottest  dispute  there.  [TheyP  lay  behind  logs  and 
trees,  till  our  forces,  and  Major  Hilton,  who  led  them, 
came  [ — ]"*  upon  them,  and  forced  them  to  run. 
And  notwithstanding  the  sharp  firing  of  tlie  enerny 
at  our  forces,  by  the  repeated  providence  of  God, 
there  was  never  a  man  of  ours  killed  or  wounded. 

Our  soldiers  not  having  been  long  in  town,  before 
they  found  considerable  quantities  of  strong  drink, 
both  brandy  and  claret ;  and  being  very  greedy 
after  it,  especially  the  Indians,  were  very  disorderly; 
firing  at  every  pig,  turkey,  or  fowl  [that]  they  saw ; 
of  vvliich  [there]  were  very  plenty  in  the  town, 
which  endangered  our  own  men.  Colonel  Chuiva 
perceiving  the  disorder,  and  firing  of  his  own  men, 
ran  to  put  a  stop  to  it,  [and]  had  several  shot  c(juic 
very  near  him.  And  finding  what  had  occasioned 
this  disorder,  commanded  his  officers  to  knock  out 
the  heads  of  every  cask  of  strong  liquor  they  could 
find  in  tlie  town,  to  prevent  any  further  disturbance 
among  his  army;  knowing,  [that]  it  was  impossible 
to  have  kept  it  from  them,  especially  the  Indians,  if 
it  were  saved,  &-c. 

Then  some  of  the  army  who  were  desirous  xn 
pursue  the  enemy,  having  heard  them  driving  awii\ 
their  cattle,  requested  the  Colonel  to  let  them  go. 
[He]*  did,  and  gave  them  their  orders.  Captain 
Cooke,  and  Captain  Church  to  lead  the  two  wings 
t  [they]     2  [the  enemy]     3  [who]     4  [on]    5  [who] 


FRENCH  A^D  INDIAN  WARS. 


275 


and  Lieutenant  Barker,*  who  led  tlie  Colonel's  com- 
pany, in  the  centre.  And  the  said  Captain  Cooke 
and  Captain  Church  desired  Lieutenant  Barker  not 
to  move  too  fas-t ;  so  that  he  might  have  the  benelit 
of  their  assistance,  if  he  had  occasion.  But  t!u;  said 
Lieutenant  not  being  so  careful  sis  he  should  have 
been,  or  at  least  was  too  eager,  was  shot  down,  and 
another  man,  which  were  all  the  men  that  were  kill- 
ed in  the  whole  expedition. f 

Towards  night.  Colonel  Church  ordered  some  of 
liis  forces  to  pull  down  some  of  the  houscrf,  and 
others  to  get  logs  and  make  a  fortification  for  la.s 
whole  army  to  lodge  in,  tliat  night ;  ffiat  so  tliey 
might  be  together.  And  just  before  night  [hcj  or- 
dered some  of  his  men  to  go  [and]  see  if  there  were 
any  men  in  any  of  the  houses  in  tlie  town  ;  [aiuij  if 
[there  were]  not,  to  set  them  all  on  fire,  which  was 
done ;  and  the  whole  town  seemetl  to  be  on  iiio  uli 
at  once,  &c. 

The  next  morning  the  Colonel  gave  orders  to  h. ; 
men,  to  dig  down  tiie  dams,  and  let  the  tide  in,  t) 
destroy  all  their  corn,  and  every  tiling  tiiat  v.as  good 
according  to  his  instructions  ;J  and  to  burn  t!ie  for- 
tification which  they  had  built  tlie  day  before  ;  ana 
when  the  tide  served  to  put  all  the  plunder  whicii 
they  had  got  into  the  boats.  Tiicn  ordering  his  siti- 
diers  to  march  a  good  distance  one  from  anoiiicr. 
which  caused  the  enemy  to  think  tiiat  there  were  no 
less  than  a  thousand  men,  as  they  said  afterwards  ; 
and  that  the  burning  of  the  fortification,  and  doin;i 

us  thev  did,  caused  tlie  enemv  to  tliink  tiiat  they  were 

- : ^ m_J_ 

•  Charlevoix,  in  liis  aecovint  of  the  taking  of  Menis,  s-ays. 
ihat  the  Lieutenant  (Jencral  oCthe  Enf^lish  ibrces,  \va-;  kiil- 
cil,  by  Avhieli  the  Lieutenant  of  Church's  company  is  meant. 

t  Penliallow  it  N.  H.  Hist.  Col.  I,  34,  says  "  not  above  six 
died  in  the  wiiole  expedition." 

{  Thus  do  governments  cause  such  horrid  scenes.  But  is 
the  crime  lessened'  Tiiej' are  considered  right  in  the  trade 
and  custom  of  war      But  is  it  so  on  that  account.' 


876 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUS. 


gone  clear  off,  and  not  to  return  again.  But  it  prov- 
ed to  the  contrary  ;  for  Colonel  Cliurch  and  his  for- 
ties, only  went  aboard  their  transports,  and  tiiere  staid 
till  the  tide  served,  in  the  night  [they]^  embarked 
on  board  their  wiialcboats,  lauded  some  of  their  men, 
expecting  they  might  meet  with  some  of  tlie  enemy 
mending  their  dams  ;  which  they  did.  And  with 
their  boats  went  up  another  branch  of  the  river  to 
another  town  or  village,  [and]  upon  such  a  surprise, 
[that  they]  took  as  many  prisoners  as  they  could  de- 
sire. 

And  it  happened  that  Colonel  Church  was  at  tlie 
French  Cajgain's  house  when  two  gentlemen  came 
post  from  the  Govcrnour*  of  Portroyal  to  him,  who 
was  the  chief  conmumdcr  at  Menis,  with  an  express 
to  send  aw  ay  two  companies  of  men  to  defend  the 
King's  fort  there  ;  and  to  give  him  an  account,  that 
there  were  three  English  men  of  war  come  into  Port- 
royal  gut,  or  harbour;  and  that  the  men  sent  for 
must  be  posted  aw?.y  with  all  speed.  Colonel  Church 
us  was  said  before,  being  there,  treated  the  two  gen- 
tlemen very  handsomely,  and  told  them,  [that]  he 
would  send  them  back  again  post  to  their  master 
upon  his  business.  And  bid  them  give  him  his  iiearty 
thanks  for  sending  him  such  good  news,  tiiat  part  of 
his  Hoet  was  in  so  good  a  harbour.  Then  reading 
the  sununons  to  them  that  he  had  sent  to  Menis. 
Further  added,  that  their  master,  the  Governour  of 
Portroyal,  must  immediately  send  away  a  post  to  the 
Governour  of  Canada,  at  Quebeck,  to  prevent  his 
further  sending  any  of  his  cruel  and  bloody  French, 
and  savtiges,  as  he  had  lately  done  upon  Deerfield, 
where  they  iiad  committed  such  horrible  and  bloody 
outrages  upon  those  poor  people,  that  never  did 
[[}nf] 

•  Mons:-ur  De  Sul)eicase,  this  year  came  in  to  be  govern- 
our of  Acadie.  Portroyal,  [  susijcif •  was  his  principal  seat. 
The  next  year  lie  drove  tiie  Enfflisli  liom  Newfoundland, 
and  destroyed  the  r  settlements,    llohnes  li,  65. 


FREN(5h  and  INDIAN  WARS 


277 


them  any  harm,  as  is  intolerable  to  think  of,  and 
that  for  the  future,  if  any  such  iiostilities  were  made 
upon  ou:  frontier  towns,  or  any  of  thorn,  lie  wouh! 
come  out  with  a  thousand  savages,  and  wlmleboats 
convenient,  and  turn  iiis  back  upon  them,  and  let 
his  savages  scalp,  and  roast  the  French  ;  or,  ul  least, 
treat  them  as  tl>eir  savages  had  treated  ours. 

[lie]  also  gave  them  an  account  of  part  of  that 
action  at  Passamequado,  and  liow  that  his  soldiers 
had  killed  and  scalped  some  Canada  men  there,  and 
would  be  glad  to  serve  them  so  too,  if  he  would  })cr- 
mit  them,  which  terrified  them  very  much,*  A-.c, 
The  two  French  gentlemen  that  came  ])o.st,  made 
solemn  promises,  that  they  would  punctually  do  the 
Colonel's  message  to  their  Governour.  So  with  the 
tlesirc  of  the  French  people  there,  that  tiie  Govorn- 
our  might  have  this  intelligence.  Colonel  Church 
dismissed  them,  and  sent  tliem  away;  telling  tiit; 
same  story  to  several  of  the  i)risoners,  and  what  they 
must  e.\pect,  if  some  speedy  course  were  not  tiviicu 
to  prevent  further  outrages  upon  the  English.  The 
number  of  prisonersf  then  present,  which  were  con- 
siderable, did  unanimously  entreat  of  Colonel  Cljurch, 
that  he  would  take  them  under  the  protection  of  the 
crown  of  Englaiid ;  making  great  promises  of  their 
Hdelity  to  the  same ;  l)egging  with  great  agony  of 
f^pirit  to  save  their  lives,  and  to  protect  them  from 
his  savages,  whom  they  extremely  dreaded. 

As  to  the  matter  of  the  savages,  he  told  them, 
[that]  it  would  be  just  retaliation  for  him  to  permit 
his  savages  to  treat  the  French  in  the  same  manner, 
as  the  French  with  their  savages  treated  our  friends 
in  our  frontier  towns.  l?ut  as  to  his  taking  them  un 
der  the  jirotection  of  the  crown  of  England,  he  nt- 

•  This,  the  commander  ol"  Poitroyal,  says  Kjtchinson, 
must  know  to  be  a  gasconade. 

t  Penhallow  says,  that  in  lliis  expedition  one  hundred  pri' 
soners  were  taken.  So  says  Dr.  Douglass,  I,  S07  ;  probablj 
on  the  same  autliority. 


r- 


On* 


t'llENCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


lerly  refused  it;  urging  to  tliom,  tln.ir  former  perfi- 
iliousness.  Tliey  also  urging  to  liini,  that  it  would  be 
impossible  for  any  French  to  livu  any  where  in  the 
bay  of  Fundy,  if  they  were  not  tuken  under  the  Eng- 
lish government.  For  with  the  benefit  of  the  whale 
boats,  (as  the  English  called  thcni)  tliey  eould  take 
and  destroy  all  their  people  i]i  tlie  town  of  Menis, 
in  one  night.  But  he  replied  to  thi m,  [tiiat  J  it  should 
never  be.  Alleging  to  them,  t!iat  wlieii  they  were 
so  before,  when  Por troy al  was  taken  last  by  the  Eng- 
lish,* that  it  proved  of  very  ill  eoiisecnuMice  to  the 
crown  of  England,  and  the  subjects  tiiereof  in  our 
frontiers.  For  that  our  English  tradLTs  supplying 
them,  enabled  them  (which  opj)ortuiiity  llicy  improv- 
ed) to  supply  the  Indians,  our  bloody  (  lu'uiies;  and, 
therefore,  he  could  make  no  other  terms  of  peace 
with  them,  than,  that  if  the  French  at  iMcnis,  Sig- 
necto,  and  Canada,  would  keep  at  hmn;;  with  tlieir 
bloody  savages,  and  not  commit  any  hostiliti*  s  upon 
anytof  our  frontiers,  we  would  return  iiouit'  and  leave 
them.  For  that  we  lived  at  a  great  distifiue  oil",  and 
had  not  come  near  them  to  hurt  tiiem  now,  had  not 
the  b|,ood  of  our  poor  friends  and  brethren,  in  all 
the  frontiers  of  our  province  cried  for  vengeance. 
Especially,  that  late  uidieard  of  barbarity  committed 

*  It  IS  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Novascotia,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  which  ilows  into  tlie  bay  of  Fundy.  Men 
tion  has  heen  made  of  the  expedition  to  Canada  in  1690,  un- 
der Sir  William  Phijj;  tlie  reduction  of  Portroyal  was  exe- 
cuted under  the  same  gentleman,  in  the  same  year,  but  pre- 
vious. It  was  commanded  by  Gov.  Menival,  who  built  it  at)out 
1(363.  When  Pliips  took  i"t,  it  was  both  "  ill  foitilied  and  ill 
provided."  See  note  1,  on  paj^e  177.  It  was  in  no  condition 
to  stand  a  siege,  and  submitted  without  resistance.  (Hutch- 
inson, I,  Sa'i.)  But  it  was,  in  1705,  retaken  by  the  French. 
Again  u.  1710,  a  huge  armament  under  Col.  Nicliolson  went 
against  it,  of  which  thoy  made  an  easy  conijuest.  Thorf 
were  l)ut  i260  men  to  defend  it.  The  English  iiad  5  frigates, 
5  lower  rates,  ami  21  transports.  Aller  it  was  ta'ren  th'; 
name  was  changed  from  Port  lioyal  to  Annapolis  royal, 
which  it  vet  rctauis 


FRENCH  ANt'   INDIAN  WARS. 


279 


upon  the  town  of  Dcerliold  ;  vvlucit  wrouglit  so  gene- 
rally on  the  hearts  of  our  people,  that  our  forces 
came  out  with  tliut  unanimity  u(  spirit,  both  among 
the  English  and  our  savages,  that  we  had  not,  nor 
needed  a  pressed  man  among  tiiem.  The  Colonel 
also  telling  them,  that  if  ever  hereafter  any  of  our 
frontiers,  east  or  west,  were  molested  l)y  iIkmu,  as 
formerly,  that  he  would,  (if  (loil  spared  his  life)  and 
they  might  depend  ujion  it,  return  upon  them  with  a 
thousand  of  his  savages,  (if  ho  wanted  them,)  all  vo- 
lunteers, with  our  whuleboats,  and  pursue  them  to 
the  last  extremity. 

The  Colonel's  warm  discourse  with  them,  wrought 
such  a  consternation  in  them,  which  tiiey  discovered 
by  their  panick  fears  and  treml)ling,  their  hearts  sen- 
sibly beating,  and  rising  up,  as  it  were,  ready  to  choke 
them.  [They]  confessed,  that  tiu-y  wen;  all  his  pri- 
soners, and  begged  of  him,  for  JI'ISUS'  sake,  to  save 
their  lives,  and  the  lives  of  thiiir  poor  ftunilies,  with 
such  melting  terms,  as  wrought  rel»Mitings  in  tiie 
Colonel's  breast  towards  them.  Hut  however,  he  told 
them,  that  his  intent  was  to  carry  as  many  prisoners 
jiome  as  he  could ;  but  that  ho  had  taken  so  many, 
they  were  more  than  he  had  occasion  for,  nor  desired 
any  more;  and,  therefore,  he  would  leave  them. 

The  Colonel  resolving  the  next  day  to  complete  all 
his  action  at  Menis,  and  so  draw  oil*.  Accordingly, 
[he]  sent  his  orders  to  Colonel  (lorham  and  Major 
Ililton,  with  all  the  English  companies,  both  ollicers 
and  soldiers,  except  some  few,  which  he  tliought  he 
might  have  occasion  for,  to  go  with  the  Indians  in  the 
whaleboats,  up  the  eastward  river,  where  a  third  oart 
of  the  inhabitants  lived.  That  so  he  might  ;>revent 
any  reflection  made  on  th(Mn,  in  leaving  any  jiart  of 
the  service  undone.  And  therefore,  in  the  evening, 
ordered  all  the  whaleboats  to  be  laid  ready  for  the 
night's  service.  And,  accordingly  when  the  tide  serv- 
ed, he  went  with  his  Indians  up  th(!  river,  where  they 
div.  some  spoil  upon  the  enemy  going  up. ' 


aeo 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


In  the  :norning,  several  of  tlicir  transports  canie  to 
meet  tliom^,  to  their  great  rejoicing,  whom  tliey  went 
on  board  [of]  and  soon  came  up  with  the  whole  fleet, 
with  wliom  they  joined,  bending  their  course  directly 
towards  Portrciyal,  where  they  were  ordered.  Com- 
ing to  Portroyal  gut,  where  their  ships  were,  and  call- 
ing a  council  according  to  his  instructions,  drew  up 
their  result,  which  is  as  followeth.* 

"  Present  all  the  Field  Officers  and  Captains  of  the 
land  forces,  aboard  the  province  Galley,  4th  July, 
1 7U1 ,  in  Fortroyal  harbour. 

We  whoso  names  arc  hereunto  subscribed,  having 
deliberately  considered  the  cause  in  hand,  whether  it 
be  proper  to  land  all  our  forces,  to  oU'end  and  destroy 
as  much  as  we  can  at  Portroyal,  all  or  any  part  of  tiio 
inhabitants  thereof,  and  their  estates,  we  are  of  opin- 
ion, that  it  is  not  for  our  interest  and  honotir,  and  the 
sountry's  whom  we  serve,  to  land  and  expose  our- 
selves ;  but  quit  it  wholly,  and  go  on  about  our  other 
business,  wc  have  to  do;  for  this  reason,  that  wc 
judge  ourselves  inferiour  to  the  strength  of  the  ene- 
my ;  and,  therefore,  the  danger  and  risk  we  run,  is 
greater  than  the  advantage  wc  can,  or  are  likely  to 
obtain ;  seeing,  the  enemy  hath  such  timely  notice, 
and  long  opportunity  to  provide  themselves  against 
us;  by  our  ships'  lying  here  in  the  road  about  twelve 
days  before  we  could  join  them  from  Menis,  where 
we  were  during  that  time,  and  being  so  meanly  pro- 
vided with  necessaries,  convenient  for  such  an  under- 
taking with  so  small  a  number  of  men,  not  being 
lour  hundred,  capable  and  fit  for  service  to  land ; 
and,  understanding,  by  all  the  intelligence  we  can 

•  That  any  slops  should  be  taken,  or  even  any  thing  said 
Rboiit  reducing  Portroynl,  may  seem  strange,  after  tlicy  had 
been  so  peremptorily  refused,  by  the  Governour,  as  has  been 
relate!  in  the  preceding  history.     See  page  233. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


!J8J 


get,  from  both  English,  and  French  prisoners,  that 
the  fort  is  exceeding  strong. 

John  Gouiiam,  lAeut.  Col. 

WiNTuuoi'  IIiLTUN,  Major, 

Jno.  IhiowN, 

Jamks  Com:, 

John  Cook, 

Isaac  Myuick, 

John  IIaukadon, 

Constant  Ciiuucii, 

John  Dyku, 

Joshua  Lamh, 

CaLEU  WlliliJAMSOV, 

Edwaiu)  Chuuch." 

"  Having  pursuant  to  my  instructions,  taken  the  ad- 
vice of  the  gentlemen  above  subscril)e(l,  and   cor. 
sidering   llie  weight  of  tlicir  reasons,  I  (\o  concu 
therewith.  15KNJAMIN  CHURCH." 

"Whereas  Colonel  Church  hath  desired  our  opin- 
ions, as  to  the  landing  the  forces  at  I'orlroyal,  they 
being  but  four  hundred  elVective  men  to  land  ;  and 
by  all  tlie  information,  both  (d"  rrench  and  I'-nglish 
prisoners,  the  enemy  having  a  greater  number  of  men, 
and  much  better  provided  to  receive,  than  they  are 
to  attack  them,  we  do  believe,  it  is  for  the  service  of 
Uie  crown,  and  the  preservation  of  her  Majesty's  .^ub- 
lects,  to  act  as  above  mentioned. 

Thomas  Smith, 
Geouok  IIOOKUS, 
CvfiiiAN  Southack  ' 

After  this  they  concluded  what  should  be  next 
done,  which  was,  that  the  ships  should  stay  some  day* 
longer  at  Portroyal  gut,  and  then  go  over  to  ISIount- 
dcsart   harbour,  and  tiiere  stay  till  Colonel  Church 
with  his  transports,  came  to  them. 

Beirig  all  ready,  the  Colonel  with  his  transports  and 
forces  went  up  the  bay  to  Signeclo,  whore  they  need- 


iI82 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


0(1  not  a  pilot,  being  scvnral  of  thoinwcll  acquainted 
liiere.  (And  [tlieyj  had  not  met  witli  so  iniuiy  di(K- 
culties  at  Mcnis,  liad  it  not  been  timt  their  pilot  de- 
ceived them,  who  knevvnolhin;^  of  the  ni;itier,  [and] 
kept  out  of  the  way,  and  lamleil  not  wilh  tit;. a,  <fcc.) 
And  coming  to  Signecto,  the  enemy  were  all  inarms 
to  receive  them.  Colonel  Ciiurch  landing'  his  men, 
the  commander  of  the  enemy  wavin;j;  his  t^word  over 
his  head,  bid  a  challenge  to  them.  'I'iie  Colonel  or- 
dering his  two  wings  to  marcii  up  apaee,  and  come 
upon  the  backs  of  the  enemy,  iliniself  l)t;ing  in  tlie 
centre,  and  the  enemy  knowing  iilm,  (having  been 
there  before)  shot  chielly  at  inni.  15i;t  tin'ougli  (Jod's 
goodness,  received  no  harm  ;  ne'itlier  ha.l  hi;  onenjim 
Ivilled,  nor  buttwo  slightly  wounded  ;  and  tiu  i  all  i  i. 
into  the  woods,  and  left  tlieir  town  witii  nothing  in  ii 
Iliiving  had  timely  notice  of  our  forces'  [erxning,  th.-y  I 
had  carried  till  away  out  of  tiie  reach  of  our  army; 
lor  Colonel  Church  while  there  with  put  of  his  for- 
ces, ranged  the  woods,  but  to  no  purpose.  Then  re- 
turning to  the  town,  diil  them  what  spoil  he  could, 
according  to  his  instructions,  and  so  drew  ofi,  and 
made  the  best  of  their  way  for  Passaineiiuado.  And 
going  in,  in  a  great  fog,  one  of  their  transj)orts  ran 
uj)on  a  rock,  but  was  soon  got  off  again. 

Then  7olonel  Church  with  some  of  his  forces  em- 
IjRrl.ed  in  their  whaleboats,  and  went  amongst  the 
iskiiius,  wiiii  an  intent  to  go  to  Sharkce's  where  they 
iuid  destroyed  the  fish.  Hut  observing  a  springy 
place  in  a  cove,  went  on  shore  to  get  sonic  water  to 
drink.  It  being  a  sandy  beach,  they  espied  tracks; 
the  Colonel  presently  ordered  his  men  to  scatter  and 
make  search.  [TheyJ  soon  found  Dc  Boisses'*  wife, 
who  had  formerly  been  Colonel  Church's  prisoner, 
and  carried  to  Boston,  but  returned ;  who  seemed 
very  glad  to  see  him.  She  liad  with  her,  two  sons, 
that  were  near  men  grown  Tli.  Colonel  onhjring 
them  aj  at, examined  thevvoinm  Mv-/,  who  gave  him 
this  account  following.     'I'n.t  .-.  i       i  1  lived      ■  .c* 

•  Dubois,     Pi'onoiiiiicii  Duboy. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


283 


tihouts  over  since  llic  llc(;t  wciii  by ;  and  that  slirt 
liail  nc\  r  socu  but  luo  liKliuns  Hiiicc,  ulio  cunif  in 
n  canoe  from  Norrigwo'ik  ;*  [and  tliiit  theyj'  ahkcd 
Iier,  'vliat  iruidt  Imt  to  We  tlttfre  aloiic  /'  ^!le  lold 
tlieni  [tiiid]  shu  liu<l  not  seen  u  Freni  liinan  nor  uii 
Indian,  e.\c(  jjt  tlio.se  two,  siiico  il»e  English  ships) 
went  l»y.  'J'lii  I  the  Indians  toUl  hei.  llu-re  was  iiot 
one  Indian  hdl,  (ixeept  those  two,  who  behmged  to 
the  gnl  oi"(!'ans<),  on  this  side  ofC'anacUi.  For  those 
liiars  coming  (L<iwn  with  the  liuliuns  f"  Monsieur 
<ioiir(lan's;  and  (inrling  the  Frinehmen  shun,  and  their 
liair  spoiled,  being  sealjUMl,  pnt  tliciu  into  a  gn;at 
consternation.  And  the  friars  told  tnem  it  was  im- 
|)<)ssil)le  for  them  to  live  thereabout-;;  ;')r  the  Fng- 
lisli  with  their  whaleljoals  w;)uld  serv(>  thcni  ail  ho; 
upon  which  they  all  went  to  Norrigwock.'  Also 
l')ld  her  tiiat  '  wlien  the  Jlnglisii  canic  ai-jii-r  through 
l\;nobsct)t,  tiiey  luul  swept  it  of  the  ihiialtiliints,  as  if 
it  had  beeii  swept  with  a  broom;  neiUirr  French  nor 
Indians  escaping  them.'  [And,]  fur  ,ier  t"id  jier, 
that  when  their  fathers,  the  Iriars,  Hin'  tluj  Lidians 
met  together  at  Norrigwock,  ihcy  cuUi  d  a  council, 
and  tlie  iViars  tohl  the  Indians,  that  tli(  must  look 
out  for  some  other  country,  i'or  that  it  \  is  impossi- 
ble I'or  them  to  live  there.'  Al?o  told  l.n'iu  [ihalj 
'there  was  a  river  called  Mossij)ee,f  where  Miey  mignt 
live  {juietly,  and  no  English  come  near  tin  ii ;  it  be- 
ing as  far  beyond  Canada  as  it  wis  to  it,  cV  '  .,  and  if 
they  wouhl  go  and  live  there;  tliey  wcul;i  live  and 
die  with  them ;  but  if  not  they  would  len  ;  them, 
and  never  come  near  tliem  again.'  \\'\.  .reupon 
they  all  agreed  to  go  away,  whieli  they  did;  ;tnd  loft 
t'u.'ir  rough  household  stuff,  and  corn  lioijiu  them; 
iiud  went  all,  except  thosi'  two,  I'or  Canada.  Also 
I  cr  sons  giving  the  same  intelligence,  si  we  i  ad  no 
le.i-'oii  to  thiidi,  but  that  it  was  true. 

1  [who] 

*  Nor  itln;f>\vnclc.     Sfo  note  1,  on  |ia'^i'  iSl. 
t  Tl'.c  riv(M'  Mi.-.-is'-lir,ii  1  Mijiposf  was  meant 


284 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


f /olonel  Church  having  done  what  lie  could  there, 
embarked  on  board  the  transports,  and  went  to 
Moiintdesart.  [He]  found  no  ships  tliero,  but  a 
rundlet,  rid  off  In'  a  line  in  the  harbour,  whicii  he 
ordered  to  be  taken  up.  And  operting  of  it,  found  a 
letter,  which  gave  him  an  account  that  the  ships 
were  gone  home  for  Boston. 

Then  he  proceeded  and  went  to  Penobscot.  Where 
being  come,  [they]  made  diligent  search  in  those 
parts  for  tlie  enemy  ;  but  couhl  not  find,  or  make  any 
discovery  of  them  ;  or  that  any  had  been  there,  since 
he  left  those  parts  ;  which  caused  him  to  believe 
what  De  Boisses'  wife  had  told  him  was  true. 

I  will,  only  by  the  way,  just  give  a  hint  of  what 
wc  heard  since,  of  the  effects  of  this  expedition,  and 
then  proceed.  First,  that  the  English  forces  tliat 
went  next  to  Norrigwock,  found  that  the  enemy  was 
gone,  and  had  left  their  rough  houseiiold  stutf,  and 
corn  behind  them.* 

Also,  not  long  after  this  cx])edition,  there  were 
several  gentlemenf  sent  down  from  Canada,  to  con- 

•  Ilofcrence  is  here  made,  it  is  thought,  to  tlio  oxpedition 
under  Col.  Tlilton,  in  tlie  winter  ol"  1705.  He  with  250  Eng- 
lisli,  and  20  Indians  (Dr.  Douglass  says  he  liad  hut  i-iO  men) 
repaired  to  NorridgcwocU  on  snow  shoes,  but  found  no  ene- 
mies to  contend  witli.  They  burned  the  deserted  wiguains, 
nnd  a  chapel,  and  then  returned.  See  BclUnap,  !,  263,  ami 
i'enhallov.-,  2S. 

About  tiie  satne  time  an  express  was  ordered  with  sooav 
shoes  lor  tis?"  frontiers,  but  was  intercepted  by  a  scout  from 
Montreal,  who  robbed  bini  of  50  pounds  in  money  ;  which,  on 
being  taken  to  Canada,  the  Governour  converted  it  into  a 
bowl, and  called  it  the  Newengland  gift,  lb.,  or  N.  H.  Hist. 
Sec.  Col.  I,  43. 

t  Hutchinson,  II,  Ml,  sub  anno  1706,  mentions  that  4  or  £ 
persons  were  sent  to  Canavia  "  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners, 
who  brouglit  back  Mr.  Williams,  the  minister,  and  many  </ 
the  inhabitants  of  Dcerliclil,  with  other  cajitive;-."  Ho  men- 
tions no  more  tlian  one's  being  sent  from  Canada,  and  that, 
after  ours  had  been  sent  there.  Hence  it  appears  that  he 
was  not  very  well  accjuainted  with  the  atVair ;  for  Penhal- 
Ioh's  history  was  extant  hel'ore  he  Mrote,  who  gives  the  par- 
ticulars about   it   viz.,  that  on  ''  the  4  May  1705,  Capt.  Hill, 


rUKNCli  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


a  6!) 


ceit  will)  our  (Mtvcriiour  about  t!ic  settling  of  a  car- 
tel lor  till!  oxchango  (jf  prisoners  ;  and  that  tiie  Gov- 
crnoiir*  of  Canada  has  never  since  sent  down  an 
arnjy  uj)on  our  iVontiers,.  (that  I  know  of)  except 
^:onletilnes  a  scout  of  Indians  to  take  some  j)risoners, 
that  lie  niiyht  be  informed  of  our  state,  and  what  we 
were  actinj^',  <.V:c.  And  idways  took  care  that  the 
prisoners  so  taken,  should  be  civilly  treated,  and 
safely  returned,  as  I  have  been  informed.  [Also,] 
that  some  of  the  prisoners  that  were  taken  gave  an 
account  [to  this  ell'ect;]  so  that  we  have  great  cause 
to  believi',  that  the  message  [which]  Colonel  Church 
sent  by  the  two  French  gentlemen  from  Menis,  to 
the  Gov(Mnour  of  Portroyal,  took  etfect,  and  was  a 
means  to  iiring  peace  in  our  borders,  &,c. 

Thvn  Colonid  (Jhurch  with  his  ibrces  embarked  on 
boartl  the  lraiis|)orts,  and  went  to  Casco  bay,  where 
lht;y  nu!t  with  Captain  (lalhvp,  in  a  vessel  from  13os- 
t(Mi,  who  had  brought  Colonel  Church  further  orders; 
which  were,  to  send  some  of  his  forces  up  to  Norrig- 
wock,  in  pursuit  of  tin;  enemy.  Dni  he  being  sensi- 
ble tiiat  the  euemv  were  gone  from  thence,  and  that 
his  soldiers  wi're  much  worn  out,  and  fatigued  in  the 
hard  service  they  had  already  done,  and  wanted  to 
get  home,  (lie J  called  a  council,  and  agreed,  all  to 
go  home  ;  which,  accordingly  they  did. 

To  conclutUi  this  expedition,  I  will  just  give  a  hint 
of  some  Ireatimntjf  [which]  Colonel  Church  had  be- 

wlio  >viis  t'oriniM'ly  takon  at  Wells  ami  carried  to  Canada, 
was  I'rom  tlioiice  soul  to  concert  the  exchange  of  ])risoners.'* 
Ho  ^,\\i'  iiironnation  tluit  tlicre  were  about  187  Encilish 
pihuniMsw  ill>  the  French  and  Indians.  "  Ujmn  tl>e  advice 
ImtooIV  thi'  pcrxins  Jnentioned  Ity  Hutchinsoii,  were  sent  to 
(anadii,  and  succeeded  in  rescuing  about  60  captives.  The 
l"'rehcli  (i()V<'rni>ur  was  kept  in  susjxMise  by  the  management 
of  (mi\  ci  nour  Dudley.  He  wished  for  a  neutrality,  and  duv- 
mg  the  time,  the  IVontiers  enjoyed  peace  and  tranrjiiiUity. 
Hutchinson,  ih. 

•  V'audreuil. 

t  It  appears  tliiit  ("Iiurcii  was  censured  wrongfullv,  and 
for  soivc  time,  bore   the  faults,  due  only  toothers,     i'^or  it 


!SG 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


fore  and  after  he  came  homo.  For  all  his  great  ex 
penscs,  fatigues  and  hardships,  in  and  about  this  ex- 
pedition, viz.,  he  received  of  his  excellency  fifteen 
pounds,  as  an  earnest  penny,  towards  raising  volun- 
teers. And  after  he  came  to  receive  his  deben- 
ture for  his  Colonel's  pay,  there  were  twoshillings  cmd 
four  pence  due  to  him.  And  as  for  his  Captain's 
pay*  and  man  Jack  ;  he  has  never  received  any  tiling 
as  yet. 

Also,  after  he  came  home,  some  ill  minded  per- 
sons did  tlicir  endeavour  to  have  taken  away  his  life, 
for  there  were  some  of  the  French  enemy  killed, -j 
[in]  this  expedition.  But  his  excellency  flie  Gov 
ernour,  the  honourable  council,  and  the  house  of 
representatives,  saw  cause  to  clear  him,  and  gave  him 
lljanks  for  his  good  service  doiie.j; 

was  ^2;^ iierally  thouglit  by  Uie  jjeoplo,  that  Col.  Clv.ircli  \v(!!!t 
on  tins  expeilition,  lor  tlie  CNpress  jiurposo  ol'  rctlui'in<i;  Port- 
royal,  as  it  wan,  by  tlie  government,  styled  tlie  "Poitroyal  ex- 
pedition," or,  as  entered  on  tlie  council  books  "  an  expedition 
io  Portroyal,"  not  knowinjf  that  lie  was  stciclly  onleiedto 
tlie  contrary  ;  thereloie,  we  are  not  surprised  tiiat  lie  shoiiKi 
be  blamed,  until  the  truth  should  be  known,  'I'he  Govern- 
our  was  accused  of  preservin}^  that  place  to  benelit  himscli' 
by  an  illegal  trade  willi  the  inhabitants.  However  this  may 
be,  iio  excused  himsell'  by  spying,  that  he  had  no  orders  IVoia 
the  (Jueen  to  go  against  it  ;  and  that  her  xuajcsty  was  to 
send  over  in  the  sjiring,  a  Ibrce  expressly  lor  that  [airpose, 
as  has  been  j.reviously  stated  in  this  history. 

•  It  will  be  recollected  that  he  was  conimissioned  Colonel 
and  Captain  at  the  same  time,  and  in  the  same  warrant. 

t  See  page  '26b.  Some  of  the  enemy  that  would  not  sur- 
render. 

±  Thus  ends  the  military  achievements  of  the  justly  cele- 
brated J?;:iN.)AMiN  Chuucii.  [The  reader  is  requested  to 
correct  an  errourin  Dr  Douglass'  History,  I,  557,  S,  where 
he  observes,  that.Col.  Church  made  an  expedition  in  1707-8 , 
it  was  Col,  March.] 


APPENDIX 


l  —SOME    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    EARLY   VOYAGES    TO,   ANB 

SETTLEMENTS  IN  NORTH  AMERICA,  AND  THE 

TREATMENT  OF  THE  INDIANS  BY 

THOSE  VOYAGERS. 


As  early  as  1508,  tlie  natives  of  North  America 
began  to  be  carried  away  by  voyagers,  sometimes  by 
force,  and  sometimes  by  flattery.  At  tliis  early  pe- 
riod, one  Anbcrt,  a  Frenchman,  sailed  up  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  his  return  to  France,  conveyed  olf 
a  number  of  the  natives.*  In  15S5,  a  colony  was 
sent  out  from  England,  under  the  direction  of  Sir 
Walter  Ralegh,  and  was  settled  at  Roanoke.  This 
was  the  first  English  colony  planted  in  America.! 
Through  their  misconduct  to  the  natives,  and  to  one 
another,  they  found  themselves  in  a  miserable  condi- 
tion before  the  end  of  a  year.  Sir  Francis  Drn!;e 
returning  that  way  from  a  cruise  against  the  Si)uni- 
ards,  gave  them  a  passage  to  England  m  his  fleet. 
Just  before  the  arrival  of  Drake,  a  chief,  and  many 
of  his  men  were  killed,  and  afterwards  an  Indian 
town  w;:s  burned,  by  order  of  Sir  Richard  Grenville, 
who  brought  supplies  to  the  colonists. 

In  1G02,  Bartholomew  Gosnold  sailed  from  Eriir- 
land,  and  was  the  first  Englishman  that  came  in  a 
direct  coiu'se  to  this  part  of  America.|  He  fell  in 
with  the  coast  near  Cape  Cod,  which  he  discovered. 
Being  met  near  the  shore,  by  the  natives  in  their  ca- 


*  American  Annals,  I,  S7. 
t  Belknai),  Biog  1,231. 


tlL   1,119. 


m 

xym 


I'  MH 

M 
Ira 


L. 


288 


APPENDIX. 


noes,  was  kindly  Ircatcd  by  them,  ?.nd  they  helped 
him  load  his  vessels.* 

Tije  next  year,  Martin  Pring  arrived  on  the  coast, 
and  collected  a  cargo  of  Sassafras. f  The  Indians 
appeared  hostile  to  this  company,  and  caused  them 
to  leave  the  coast,  sooner  than  they  would  otherwise 
have  done.  Cut  this  was  not  without  a  cause.  A 
canoe  had  been  stolen  from  them,  and  they  were 
sported  with  by  the  sailors,  who,  to  get  rid  of  them, 
when  they  h;id  amused  themselves  sufficiently,  would 
set  their  dogs  to  chase  them  away. 

In  IGO'),  Captain  George  Weymouth  carried  off  five 
of  the  natives  from  tiie  coast  of  Newcngland,  against 
their  consent :  one  of  whom  was  a  chief. 

In  J  GOT,  the  first  permanent  colony  of  Virginia 
arrived  in  the  Chesapcak,  the  twentysixth  of  April, 
and  the  thirteenth  of  May,  they  took  a  position  for 
a  town  ;  which,  soon  after,  in  honour  of  King  James, 
was  named  James  Town.  They  were  annoyed  by 
the  Indians  at  first,  and  one  person  was  killed.  A 
peace  was  concluded  in  June  following,  but  it  was 
of  short  duration.  An  attempt,  also,  to  settle  a 
colony  on  Kcnnebcck  river  was  made  this  year,  but 
was  relinquished  the  next.J 

In  1G14,  Captain  John  Smith  made  a  profitable 
voyage  to  Newcngland,  and  made  an  accurate  sur- 
vey of  its  coast.  The  Newcngland  Indians,  in  this 
voyage,  were  justly  incensed  against  the  English,  to 
a  great  degree.  When  Smith  went  for  England,  he 
left  one  Hunt  to  complete  his  cargo  of  fish.  Thi«! 
perfidious  man  enticed  twentyfour  Indians  on  board 
iifs  vessel,  put  them  in  confinement,  and  sold  them 
at  Malaga,  to  the  Spaniards,  for  slaves.  In  the  course 
of  the  year,  another  vessel  came  on  the  coast  to  trade 
with  two  of  those  taken  oiV  by  iliint,  to  assist  in  the 

"  Sassafras  and  furs  were  then  the  articles  of  cx()ortation. 

tSee  Belknap's  life  of  Prinp;.  Sassafras  was  collected 
about  tlic  islands,  i'ring  found  it  on  what  is  now  Edgar 
town. 

t  See  page  171  and  note  5. 


Fr 

w; 


or 
C 


APPENDIX. 


2S9 


business.  It  was  now  designed  to  settle  a.  trading 
house,  but  the  Indians  soon  discouraged  them  in  the 
attempt.  One  of  the  prisoners  had  died,  and  the 
other  was  not  permitted  to  go  on  shore.  But  some 
approached  the  ship  under  pretence  of  trade,  and  he 
jumped  overboard.  His  friends  in  the  canoes  disciiarg- 
ed  their  arrows  so  thick  at  the  same  time,  that  in 
defiance  of  the  English  guns,  they  got  him  on  board, 
and  paddled  off.  A  number  of  the  English  were 
badly  wounded,  and  some  of  the  Indians  killed.  The 
English  were  discouraged,  and  sailed  for  England.'' 
Two  other  natives,  carried  away  by  Hunt,  found 
means,  in  time,  to  get  back  to  Nevvengland,  and  in 
some  measure,  allayed  the  vengeance  of  their  coun- 
trymen ;  by  assuring  them  that  the  English,  in  gene- 
ral, were  highly  displeased  at  the  conduct  of  Captain 
Hunt.f 

These,  and  many   other  insults  on  the   Indians 
though  small,  in  comparison  with  these  suH'ercd  by 
their  race  in  South  America,  were  more  than  enough 
to  cause  them  to  entertain  fearful  apprehensions  of 
every  stranger. 

Before  1G19,  perhaps  it  would  have  been  alto- 
gether impracticable  to  have  attempted  a  settlement 
in  Newcngland,  without  great  risk.  The  native.s, 
before  which,  were  extremely  numerous  and  warlilu.' ; 
but  this  year,J  a  mortal  sickness  prevailed  among 
them,  that  almost  entircl-y  desolated  tlie  country;  in- 
somuch, that  the  living  could  not  bury  the  dead. 
For  when  the  Pilgrims  arrived  atPlymouth,  the  ground 
was  strewed  with  human  bones.  The  extent  o'  this 
pestilence  was  from  Penobscot  to  Narraganset,^. 

~^A-:neiican  Annals,  I,  184,  135.        t  Hist.  N.  H.  1, 10,  11 
•}:  It  is  not  certain   that  this  plague   happened   in   ltjl'>. 
though  from  Johnson  and  oUiers  cited  by  ilohnes.,  (I,  207, 
-208, y  it  appears  probable.     Morton,  ii5,  says  tliat  it  was  1  wo 
or  three  years  before  the  settlement  of  Plynunitli.     Prince. 
Chron.  119,  thinks  this  plague  raged  as  early  as  1616  or  17-. 
§  Prince,  Chron.  138,  and  Belknap,  Biog.  I,  356. 
■  N     . 


I 


290 


APPENDIX. 


II. Or»flrN  OF  THE  SETTLEMENT  OF  NEWENGLANl). 


BiGOTK  and  superstition  began  to  lose  some 
ground  in  Mi  gland,  as  early  as  1550.  And  the  per- 
secutions, yn«'  sufferings  of  the  early  martyrs  of  re- 
ligious freedni**,  have  been  the  subject  of  many  mas- 
sy volumes.  *n  1 549,  a  liturgy  had  been  prepared 
by  the  bishops,  and  a  law  passed  botli  houses  of  Par- 
liament, "  that  all  divine  offices  should  be  performed 
according  to  it."*  The  clergy  were  ordered  to 
conform  to  the  liturgy,  under  pain  of  fines  and  im- 
prisonment. And,  as  has  always  since  been  the  case, 
among  all  sects,  the  new  sect,  then  denominated  Pvr- 
Titans,  grew  more  numerous,  in  proportion,  as  tlie 
severity  of  persec\non  increased. 

In  1G07,  a  congregation  fled  from  En.gland  into 
Holland,  and  in  1G08,  were  joined  by  others,  and  a 
church  was  there  established,  according,  as  they  be- 
lieved, to  the  principles  of  the  primitive  church  of 
Christ ;  having  Mr.  John  Robinson  for  their  pastor. 
Their  removal  from  England  into  Holland,  was  ;ii- 
tended  with  the  greatest  difficulties,  and  though  ovcr- 
fooked  by  the  chief  historians,  who  have  written  upon 
their  history,  is  certainly  among  the  first  articles  that 
should  be  related.  It  formed  a  part  of  a  Manuscript 
History,  written  by  Mr.  William  Bradford,  one  of 
their  number,  which,  though  since  lostf ,  was  m  pos- 
session of  Governour  Hutchinson,  who  copied  this 
valuable  part  into  his  "summary  of  the  aflairs  of  ihe 
colony  of  New  Plymouth,"^  which  is  as  follows. 

"  There  was  a  large  company  of  them  proposed  to 
get  passage  at  Boston   in  Lincolnshire,  and  for  th;it 

•  Holmes'  Annals,  I,  50, 

t  At  least,  it  has  not  been  seen  since  1775,  when  the  Brit- 
ish Vandals  under  Gen.  Gage,  in  a  eacrilegious  manner,  dis- 
turbed the  contents  of  the  old  south  church,  where  it  was  dei> 
posited. 

X  In  his  Hist  Mass.  II,  No.  I  Appendis 


APPENDIX. 


291 


end  had  liircd  a  ship  wliolly  to  ihemselvcs,  and  made 
Rgrecmont  vvitli  the  master  to  be  ready  at  a  certain 
day,  and  take  them  and  their  goods  in  at  a  conve- 
nient place,  where  accordingly  they  wouM  all  attend 
in  readiness.  So  after  long  waiting  and  large  ex- 
pense, though  he  kept  not  day  with  them,  yet  he 
came  at  length  and  took  them  in,  in  the  night.  But 
when  he  had  them  and  tiieir  goods  aboard  he  betrayed 
them,  having  beforehand  coniplotted  with  the  searcii- 
ers  and  other  officers  so  to  do.  who  took  tiiem  and  put 
them  into  open  boats,  and  then  rilled  and  ransacked 
them,  searching  them  to  their  shirts  for  money,  yea. 
even  the  women,  further  than  became  modesty,  and 
then  carried  them  back  into  the  to\vn,aiMl  made  th(  in  a 
spectacle  and  wonder  to  the  multitud  wliich  came 
flocking  on  all  sides  to  behold  them.  iJeinif  thus, 
first  by  the  catch-poles,  rilled  and  stript  of  tlieir 
money,  books,  and  much  other  goods  they  were  pr(3- 
sented  to  the  magistrates,  and  messengers  sent  to  in- 
form the  lords  of  the  council  of  thein^,  and  so  tliey 
were  committed  to  ward.  Indeed  tlie  magistrates 
used  them  courteously,  and  showed  them  wimt  favour 
they  could,  but  could  not  deliver  them  till  order 
came  from  the  council  table  ;  but  the  issue  was,  that 
after  a  month's  imprisonment,  the  greatest  part  were 
dismissed,  and  sent  to  the  })laees  from  whence  thi.-y 
came,  but  seven  of  the  principal  men  were  stii!  kept 
in  prison  and  bo-und  over,  to  the  assizes.  Th.c  nvsl 
spring  after,  there  was  another  attempt  nia.le,  by 
some  of  these  and  others,  to  get  over  at  aiiotlier 
place.  And  so  it  fell  out,  that  they  light  of  a  Dutcli- 
man  at  IIuU,  having  a  ship  of  his  own  belonging  to 
Zealand.  They  matle  agreement  with  him,  ami  sm;- 
(juainted  him  with  their  condition,  hoping  to  find 
more  faithfulness  in  him,  than  in  the  fi)rnier  of  their 
own  nation,  lie  bade  tliem  not  fear,  for  he  would  do 
well  enough,  lie  was  by  apppointment  to  lake  them 
in,  between  Grindstone*  and  IIull,  where  was  a  !argc 

•  (iriiusliy  siiys  Belkuaj). 


I 


292 


APPENDIX. 


common,  a  good  way  distant  from  any  town.  Nov? 
against  the  prefixed  lime,  the  womon  and  children, 
with  the  goods,  were  sent  to  the  place  in  a  smail 
bark,  which  they  had  hired  for  that  end,  and  tlie  men 
were  to  meet  them  by  land ;  but  it  so  fell  out,  that 
they  were  there  a  day  before  the  ship  came,  and  the  sea 
being  rough  and  the  women  very  sick,  prevailed  with 
the  seamen  to  put  into  a  creek  hard  by,  vvliere  they 
lay  on  ground  at  low  water.  The  next  morning  the 
ship  came,  but  they  were  fast  and  could  not  stir  till 
about  noon.  In  the  mean  time,  the  shipmaster  per- 
ceiving how  the  matter  was,  sent  liis  boat  to  get  the 
men  aboard,  whom  he  saw  really,  walking  about  the 
sijore,  but  after  the  first  boat-full  was  got  aboard,  and 
she  was  ready  to  go  for  more,  the  master  espied  a 
great  company  both  horse  and  foot,  with  bills  and 
guns  and  other  weapons,  for  the  country  was  raised 
to  take  them.  Tlic  Dutchman  seeing  that,  swore  hia 
country  oath, '  Sacramente,^  aiu'  having  the  wind  fair, 
weighed  anchor,  hoisted  sails,  and  away.  After  en- 
during a  fearful  i^'Lorm  at  sea,  for  fourteen  days  or 
more,  seven  whereof  they  never  saw  sun,  moon  nor 
stars,  and  being  driven  near  the  coast  of  Norway, 
they  arrived  at  their  desired  haven,  vviierethe  people 
came  flocking,  admiring  their  deliveranci!,  the  storm 
having  been  ^o  long  and  sore,  in  wliicli  much  hurt 
had  been  done,  as  the  master's  friends  related  to  him 
in  tlieir  congratulations.  The  rest  of  the  men  that 
were  in  greatest  danger,  made  a  shift  to  escape  away 
before  the  troop  coukl  surprise  them,  those  only  stay- 
ing that  best  mi^ht  be  assisting  unto  tlie  women. 
But  pitiful  it  was  to  see  the  heavy  case  of  these  poor 
women  in  distress  ;  what  weeping  and  crying  on  every 
side,  some  for  their  husbands  that  were  carried  away 
in  the  ship,  others  not  knowing  vvlia'„  should  become 
of  them  and  tli<3ir  little  ones,  crying  for  fear  and 
quaking  with  cold.  Being  apprehended,  they  were 
liurried  from  one  place  to  anothei;  till  in  the  end  they 
knew  not  what  to  do  with  them  ;  for,  to  imprison  so 


1... 


APPENDIX. 


293 


many  women  with  thoir  inno»:cnt  ciiildiv  for  no 
other  cause,  many  ot"  thcTu,  but  that  they  wouicl  go 
with  their  husbands,  seemed  to  bo  unnNi<oiiable,  and 
nil  would  cry  out  of  theuj;  and  to  send  them  home 
again  was  as  dilRcult,  for  tliey  ail»»,ij;ed,  as  flu;  triilli 
was,  tliey  had  no  homes  to  go  to,  for  they  h<u!  «!ith(rr 
sohl  or  otherwise  disposed  of  their  houses  aii'l  liv- 
ings :  To  be  short,  after  tliey  iiad  been  tiius  tuniiuilud 
a  good  while,  and  conveyed  from  one  constable  to 
another,  they  were  glad  to  be  rid  of  them  in  the  end 
upon  any  terms,  though,  in  the  mean  time,  they,  poor 
souls,  endured  misery  enough." 

After  remaining  several  y«;ars  in  [[ollaiid,  they  be- 
gan to  fear  that  tlieir  com|)any  woidd  finally  become 
lost,  by  their  connexion  with  the  j)utrh ;  and  that 
their  efforts  to  establish  tlu;  true;  religion,  aJso  lost. 
Some  of  their  young  men  liad  already  engaged  in 
the  military  service  of  tin;  Dutch,  and  miirriages  willi 
their  young  women  had  taken  pla<'(!.  T)\l'so  thingi 
caused  much  grief  to  the  pious  Ki)r(!fathers  ;  more 
especially,  because  the  Dutch  were  dissolute  in  their 
morals. 

Under  these  considerations,  their  thoughts  were 
turned  towards  America;  but,  never  so  far  north  as 
Newengliuid.  Sir  \Valt{>r  Ualt\gh  was  JiboMt  tiiis 
time,*  projecting  a  settlement  in  (iuiana,  and  this 
olace  was  first  taken  under  eon8i(l(>ratiou.  Here  a 
perpetual  spring  was  promised,  and  all  the  beauties 
of  a  tropical  summ(;r.  i?iit  considering  the  diseases 
shich  were  so  fatal  to  Muropeans,  and  their  near 
vicinity  to  the  S[)aniards,-|-  the  nuijority  were  against 
a  removal  thither. 

At  length,  they  resolved  to  make  their  settlement 
in  north  Virginia.!  and  accordinglv  thev  sent  i'lxents 

•  1G17. 

t  The  Spaniards  haJ  not  ai'tually  taivi  n  ixissnssiou  of  this 
country,  liut  claimeii  it.     Uelknap,  Itir;!;.  il,  167. 

I  North  America  was llirn  known  nmiiT  (he  general  nanios 
of  north  and  south  Virginia,  dividtvl  hy  tin-  uarallel  of  40  d. 


294 


APPENDIX. 


to  England,  to  obtain  a  grant  from  the  Virginia  com- 
pany, and  to  know  whetlicr  tlio  King  would  grant 
them  liberty  of  conscience,  in  that  distant  country. 
The  Virginia  company  were  willing  to  grant  them 
such  privileges  as  were  in  their  power,  but  the  bigot- 
ted  James  would  agree  no  I'urliier,  than  "  to  roniiivo 
at  them,  provided  they  should  conduct  peatcidily."* 

The  agents  returned  the  next  year,  I'iis,  to  the 
great  discouragement  of  the  congregation,  ilesolved, 
however,  to  make  another  trial,  agents  wore  scmU 
again  the  ne.xt  year,  and  after  long  and  tedious  dc- 
lays,f  a  grant  was  obtained,  umh'r  tlie  seal  ol  the 
company,  which,  after  all  tliis  gn-nt  trouble  and 
expense,  was  never  used.| 

Notwithstanding,  their  removal  w;»s  not  given  u[>, 
and  they  made  ready  for  their  voyage,  '•  ith  wliat  ex- 
peditio.i  they  could.  It  was  agre<  d  th;it  !i  part 
should  go  before,  to  prepare  the  way;  and,  a(;cord- 
ingly,  two  ships  were  got  ready,  one  niiincd  the 
Speedwell,  of  sixty  tons,  the  other  llie  Ma\  llower, 
of  one  hundred  and  eight  tons.  Tiiey  first  went  from 
Leyden  to  England,  and  ontlie  fdlli  of  Angu;  t,  IJJO, 
they  left  Southampton  for  America  ;§  but,  they  were 
twice  Ibrced  to  return,  by  reason  of  the  bad  state  of 
the  lesser  ship. 

It  was  now  agreed  to  dismiss  the  Speedwell,  and 
they  embarked  on  board  the  Mayllower,  and,  on  the 
sixth  of  September,  again  sailed  on  their  intended 
voyage. I| 

N.  Prince,  180.  Its  whole  extent  was  from  Florida  to  the 
bay  of  Fund y. 

•  Belknap,  Biog.  II,  170.     American  Annals,  I,  108. 

t  Occasioned  hy  dissensions  among  the  Virginia  company. 
One  treasurer  having  resigned  was  displeased  witli  his  suc- 
cessor.    See  Bradford  in  Prince,  151,  15.3. 

+  Because   it  was  taken  out  in  tlie  name  of  a  gentleman 
whom  "  jirovidencc"  separateil  from  them. 

§  They  Intended  to  have  settled  somewhere  near  Hudson's 
river. 

II  The  last  port  they  left  was  Plymouth. 


APPENDIX. 


'29» 


Such  were  the  transiictionH,  and  such  iho  (lifRnil- 
ties,  attending  thisjxTSfni'rin;;  (•oin|)any  of  I'ilj^rnns, 
(as  they  are  truly  called)  in  the  griMit  utU!ni|>t,  to  set- 
tle a  colony  in  America.  As  no  particulars  are  pre- 
served of  their  voyage,  we  may  now  leave  them  until 
they  appear  on  the  coast.* 

III. LANDING  OF  TUK  I'lLfJUIMS  AT  IM.VMOUTH. 

After  some  difRculties,  in  a  voyage  of  two  months 
and  three  days,  they  fell  in  with  tlu;  land  of  Cape  Cod, 
on  the  ninth  of  November.  Fimling  tliemsidves  fur- 
ther north  than  they  intended  to  settles  they  stood  to 
the  southward;  but  soon  linding  themselves  iM-iuly 
encompassed  witii  dangerous  shoals,  tlu;  Cai)tai[r[- 
took  advantage  of  their  fears,  and  bore  up  again  fur 
the  cape;  and,  on  the  tenth  of  Noveinb(;r,  anchored 
in  cape  Cod  harbour.^ 

On  observing  their  latitude,  they  found  themselves 
out  of  the  limits  of  the  south  Virginia  company, 
Upon  which  it  was  hinted  by  some,  that  they  should 
now  be  under  no  laws,  and  every  servant  would  have 
as  much  authority  as  his  master.  JJut  the  wisdom 
that  had  conducted  them  hither,  was  sullicient  to  i)ro- 
vide  against  this  evil ;  therefore,  an  instrunuMit  was 
drawn  and  signed,  by  which  they  unanimously  form- 
ed themselves  into  a  body  politic.  This  instrument 
was  executed  November  the  eleventh,  and  signed  by 
fortyonc  personc ;  that  being  the  number  of  men, 
qualified  to  act  for  themselves.     Their  whole  number 

•  It  is  related  tiiat  in  a  storm  a  bi-aiu  of  tiic  sliij)  w;is 
thro\VTi  out  of  its  pUce,  and  that  they  honan  to  despair,  but 
some  gentleman  having  a  large  iron  screw,  Ity  moans  of  wliicli 
it  was  again  forced  into  its  place. 

t  Jones. 

f  Tlie  Ca]  tain  of  tlie  ship  was  hired  ])y  the  Dutch  to  land 
them  thus  far  north,  because  they  claimed  the  country  at 
Hudson's  river,  and  were  unwilling  that  the  Englieli  should 
get  any'  footing  there.     See  Morton,  13. 


29G 


APPENDIX. 


consisted  of  One  hundred  and  one.* 
was  chosen  Goveriiour  for  one  year. 


Jolin  CarvcT 


*Asitmustbft  ever  "[ratifyinf;  to  postnritv  !•>  know  the 
first  i"ormoru;ovcrninpnt  ever  drawn  up  in  the\r  country,  and 
the  names  of  tliose  who  first  ventured  upon  tlie  j^reat  under- 
taking, l)oth  are  here  i)rcsentcd  to  their  view,  as  I  find  them 
in  Mr.  Prince's  N.  fTnc;.  Chronology.  In  my  first  edition  I 
copied  from  Morton,  hut  on  account  of  some  erroiirs  in  the 
names  of  llie  signers  as  given  in  his  Newengland's  Memorial 
I  copy  from  Mr.  Prince.  However,  it  is  possiltl"  that  some 
small  errours  may  exist,  even  in  his  list ;  for  we  know,  (hat 
the  ciiirograi)liy  of  IG-20,  was  vastly  dilTereut  from  that  a 
hundred  years  aHer  ;  insomuch,  that  what  Mr.  Morton  read 
for  an  r,  might  have  been  taken  afterward  for  a  t  hy  Mr. 
Prince,  &.c.,  as  will  a()pear  hy  com[)aring  (ho-e  names,  in 
wiiich  a  dill'erencc  is  seen,  Mr.  Morton  writes  No.  'i5,  Joim 
Craxton,  No.  27,  Joses  Fletcher,  No.  :20,  Digery  Priest,  No. 
St,  Uichard  Bitteridge,  and  No.  40,  fldward  Doten.  ]I'> 
also  has  No.  .S-2,  Edmund  Morgeson,  hut  that  I  su|)pn>ie  to  he  a 
misjirint.  IJoth  of  those  authors  copied  from  (Jov.  Ilradlord's 
MS.,  as  Hutchinson  perhaps  did,  whodill'ersfmiu  hoth.  He 
writes  Nos.  15  and  IG,  Tilley,  No.  20,  Ridgsdale,  No.  25, 
Croxton,  No.  37,  Gardner.  IJut  the  most  I'liaccoiintahle  <lif- 
fnrcnces  exist  between  authors  who  have  copied  from  Mr. 
Prince's  printed  book.  I  need  not  name  any  one,  in  particular, 
as  all  that  1  have  met  with,  differ  in  some  respect,  except  the 
Editors  of  the  N.  H.  Hist.  CoUection.s,  wiio  seem  to  have 
bcei;  particularly  careful. 

"  III  the  name  of  God,  Amen.  We,  whose  names  are  under 
written  the  loyal  subjects  of  our  dread  sovereign  fiord  King 
James,  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain,  France  and 
Irelani'l,  king,  defender  of  the  faith,  &.c. 

Having  undertaken  for  the  glory  of  God,  and  advancement 
of  the  christian  faith,  and  honour  of  our  King  and  country, 
a  voyage  to  plant  the  tirst  colony  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Virginia,  do  by  these  presents,  solemnly  and  mutually  in  the 
presence  of  God,  and  one  of  another,  covenant  and  combine 
ourselves  together,  into  a  civil  boily  jiolitick,  for  our  better 
ordering  and  preservation,  and  iartherancc  of  the  endsafore- 
sai'] ;  and  by  virtue  hereof,  to  enact,  constitute,  and  frame 
sucli  just  and  equal  laws,  ordinances,  acts,  constitutions,  and 
odices,  from  time  to  time,  as  shall  be  thought  most  meet  and 
convenient  for  the  general  good  of  the  colony.  Unto  which 
we  promise  all  due  submission  and  obeilience.  In  witness 
whereof  we  have  hereunder  eubscribcd  our  names  at  c\\\\p. 
Co<l,  the  11th  of  November,  in  the  year  of  the  reign  of  our 
sovereign  Lord,  King  James,  of  England,  France  and  Ire- 


1P= 


APPENDIX. 


il'J? 


Tho  (Iny  answoring  to  tli(^  Kleventh  of  December, 
IS  celol)rutc(l  m  tlio  ihiy  oi'  tliu  luiidiiii,'  of  tlio  I'il- 
griins  ;*  but  on  timt  chiy,  u  place  vvum  discovtirod, 
iuhI  fixed  I'poii  for  tliiiir  settlement.  Parties  befoif 
had  landed  and  made  sona;  discoveries. 

Tlio  same  day  that  llie  nienionible  instrinnent  \\i\^ 
si<,'ncd,  a  party  K'ft  th(!  sliij),  and  lande-d  to  explore 
the  rounlry,  and  j;et  wood,  but  returniMl  without 
mukini;  any  particMiiar  disrov(!ry.  I5ut  a  few  diivs 
after,  (November  lifteenth)  sixteen  men,  under  Ciip- 
tain  Myles  Slandish,  were  permitted  to  f;o  in  search 


No. 


liini|,thcXVIW,  and  of  Scotland  tho  LIV. 

1620." 

N-i. 

1  Mr.  .John  Carver,* 

2  William  Ura.liord,* 
8  l\Ir.  K.dwanI  Winslov;,' 

4  Mv.  ^V^l.  FJrpwX.T,* 

5  Mr.  Isaac.  Allrrton,* 
('<  Cajit.  iMilcsSlandisii,* 

7  .loiin  Aldcn, 

8  Mr.  Samuel  Fiiller.t 


Anno  Domioi. 


8123  Francis  Eaton,' 
2la4.Iamo'*C!iilloii,*§ 
5  2')  ,Iohn  rr,irkston,§ 
(ij'it)  John  IJillinfTton,* 
(l'27  Mos.-s  Flotchor,^ 
2;'2S  .loim  (inodman.S 
Ij-.'!)  D.-orv  l*ri<>.t,§ 
'2|.S0'l'lH,iiia^AVi11inms§ 


low, 


')  SI  Fdiiumd  Mar'p;('!-on,§ 
5  .;;}  I'.'irM-  Jliowii, 

1  M  nichar.i  I5iitlcri|::e,§ 
3i>  Gooi^c  Sonic,  (o/'  J\Tr. 

J  I' ins  loio's  fa  tii  ilij. 
.Sfi  I? ichard  Clark, § 
.^^7  Richard  Gardiner, 

3,33  Joiiii  Allt'rton,§ 

2 ;.S9  Thomas  Engli^.h,§ 

2  40  Edward  Dorey,  ( 
.Sl'll  Edward  Leister,  J 
2|(6o/A  ofJMi:  Hopkins fami/ij.) 


!)  Mr.  Christopher  Martin*Sl  31  (!ii!icrt  Win- 

10  Mr.  Wm.  Mnllins,*§ 

11  Mr.  Wm.  Willie,*^ 

12  Mr.  IJichard  Warren, f 
IS  ,li)hn   Ilowland,  (in  ('a,- 

vcr^s  famihj.) 
1-1  Mr.  Stephen "llopliins,* 
15  Edward  'rillv,*§ 
Iti  John  Tillv,*§ 

17  Francis  C'oolv,t 

18  'I'honias  l{,op;cr«,§ 
10  Thomas  Tinker,'§ 
ilO  John  Ri.lt!;dalc,*§ 
21  Edward  Fullcr,»§ 
ii2  John  Turner, §  ,sj  ]0l 

The  above  names  having;  this  mark  •  at  the  end  broimht 
their  wives  with  them.  Tiiose  with  tliis  f  did  not.  Tho^^e 
wilii  this  ^  died  helnre  the  end  of  IVIarch.  The  llu;ures  at 
the  end  ot  the  names  denote  the  number  in  each  laniily. 

•  To  reduce  old  style  to  new,  eleven  davs  are  added  ;  thdVe- 
fore,  the  22  December  is  celebrated  a.s' tho  landing  of  llio 
Forefathers. 


-ra 


1     1  k.i 


298 


APPENDIX. 


r»f  a  convenient  place  for  settlement.  T/iey  saw  five 
liulians  whom  they  followed  all  day,  l)iit  could  not 
overtake  them.  The  next  day  they  discovered  seve- 
ral Indian-  graves ;  one  of  wiiich  they  opened,  ond 
found  some  rude  implements  of  war  ;  a  mortar,  and 
an  earthen  pot;  all  which  they  took  care  to  re- 
place ;  being  unwilling  to  disturb  tiic  sopulciires  of 
the  dead.  They  found  under  a  small  mound  of  earth, 
a  cellar  curiously  lined  with  bark,  in  which  v^as 
stored  a  ({uantity  of  Indian  corn.*  Of  this  they 
took  as  much  as  they  could  carry,  and  returned  to 
the  ship. 

Soon  after,  twentyfour  others  made  the  like  ex- 
cursion, and  obtained  a  considerable  (piantity  of  corn, 
which,  with  that  obtained  before,  was  about  ten 
bushels. f  Some  beans  were  also  found. J  This 
discovery  gave  them  great  encouragement,  and  j)er- 
haps  prevented  tlieir  further  removal ;  it  also  saved 
them  iiom  famine. 

After  considerable  discussion,  concerning  a  place 
for  settlement,  in  which  some  were  lor  going  to  Aga- 
wam,§  and  some  not  so  far,  it  was  concluded  to  send 
out  a  shallop,  lo  make  further  discovery  in  the  bay. 
Accordingly,  Governour  Carver,  with  eigiileen  Or 
twenty  men,  set  out  on  the  sixth  of  December,  to  <'X- 
j)lore  the  deep  bay  of  Cape  Cod.  The  weather  was 
very  cold,  and  the  spray  of  the  sea  lighting  on  them, 
tliev  were  soon  covered  with  ice,  as  it  were,  like 
coats  of  mail.  At  night  having  got  to  the  bottom 
of  the  bay,  they  discovered  ten  or  twelve  Indians, 
al)out  a  league  of!',  cutting  up  a  grampus  ;  who,  on 

"*{)(■  (livers  colours  wliich  spciiipiI  to  tiiem  a  very  p;oo(ll_v 
sight,  having  seen  none  before."     Morton,  18. 

t  Holmes'  Annals,  I,  201. 

t  This  was  not  hardly  right,  jicrhaps,  hut  Morton,  N.  E. 
Mcnioral,  10,  says,  that  in  "  About  ^ix  months  alter  they 
gave  thein  full  satisfaction  to  their  coii'Lent." 

§  Ipswich  is  supjjosed  to  have  been  meant,  as  it  was  kr.owB 
ty  that  nan\e  in  a  former  voyage. 


APPENDIX. 


299 


diso(>V(>riii<T  llu;  llnglish,  run  away  with  what  of  th^ 
lisli  tht.'y  hud  cut  oti".  With  t^omc  ditficulty  from 
siioals,  th('y  hind(Ml,  and  erected  a  liut,  and  passed 
the  lirst  iii,<,'ht.  In  the  morning  they  divided  tlieir 
company,  sonie  went  by  hnid,  and  others  in  the  ves- 
sel, to  make  further  discovery  of  the  bay,  to  which 
they  jj[avo  iho  name  of  Grarni)us,  because  tiiat  tisli 
was  ("ound  \hvrv.  They  met  again  at  night,  and 
soine  lodged  on  board  the  shallop,  and  the  rest  as 
before.* 

The  next  morning,  December  the  eighth,  as  they 
were  about  to  embark,  they  were  furiously  beset  by 
Indians.  Some  of  the  company  having  carried  their 
guns  down  to  the  boat,  the  r)thers  discharged  upon 
them,  as  fast  as  they  could  ;  but  tiie  Indians  shouted, 
and  rushed  on,  until  those  had  regain(>d  their  arms, 
and  then  they  were  put  to  Higiit.  One,  liowever, 
more  eourug»>ous  than  the  rest,  took  a  positicjn  be- 
lii»ul  a  tre(<,  and  withstood  several  voilc,'^  of  shot, 
discharging  arrows  himself  at  tiic  same  time.  At 
length  a  shot  glancing  upnn  the  side  of  tin;  tn-e, 
hurled  tlie  bark  so  about  his  head  that  he  thoii;:ni:  it 
time  to  escape.  Eighteen  arrows  were  picke.l  up 
by  the  I'lnglish,  after  the  battle,  which  they  sent  to 
their  friends  in  England,  as  curiosities.  Some  were 
headed  with  brass,  and  others  with  horn  and  bone. 
The  phuM'  wli(>re  this  happened,  was  on  this  account, 
called  t!ie  Fii'sst  Encoanfcr.'( 

'J'lu;  company,  alter  leaving  this  place,  narrowly 
escap(>d  being  cast  away :  but  they  got  sale  on  aii 
uninhabited  island. J    where   they  i)assed  t!ie  night. 

•  ^'.()l■t^>n  atnl  Holivnap. 

t  Morton,  'i'2.  It  wasbol'ore  callod  XamsUckcl.  lb.  21. 
Pr.  HolUiiap,  IJio^.  II,  202,  .says,  "A  creek  which  now 
ti',«is(ln'  niUMc  of  ^'A'n/i'//,  lies  betwrcii  ]''^a->lhani  aiuJ  Hai- 
vvi,l( ;  distant  alioul  3  or  4  iiiilcs  w('s(w;ira  iVoin  Nausft ;  tlie 
t  at  ol'  a  tril)i>  of  liuliaii",  wlio  (a-;  \h<:\  al'terAvarils  learned) 
ipailc  this  attack." 

I  This  they  callcl  "Clark's  Island,  liecause  Mr.  Clark,  tho 
master's  mate.  liv^J  -'\<'\\  ''d  a>iio;e  th'  icdn."     Morton,  24. 


m 


300 


APPENDIX 


The  next  day,  December  the  ninth,  tliey  dried  their 
clothes,  and  repaired  their  vessel,  which  had  lost  her 
mast,  and  met  with  other  damage.  The  next  day 
they  vested,  it  being  Sunday.  The  day  following, 
they  found  a  place,  which  they  judged  m  for  settle- 
ment ;  and,  after  going  on  shore,*  and  disoovering 
good  water,  and  where  there  had  been  cornfields,  re- 
turned to  the  ship.  This  was  on  the  Eleventh  of 
December,   1620,  and  is  the  day  celebrated  as  the 

FoUKFATHERS'  D.VY. 

On  the  fifteenth,  the  siiip  came  into  the  new  har- 
bour. The  two  following  days,  the  people  went  on 
shore,  but  returned  at  night  to  the  ship. 

On  the  twentythird,  timber  was  begun  to  be  pre- 
pared for  building  a  common  store  house. f  The 
next  day,  the  cry  of  Indians  was  heard,  but  none  np- 
peared.  On  the  twentyfifth,  the  first  house  was  be- 
gun. A  fort  was  built  on  the  hill,  soon  after,  (wiiere 
the  burying  ground  now  is)  which  commanded  tU<' 
tftwn  and  harbour;  and,  they  were  diligently  em- 
ployed, until  a  town  was  laid  out;  to  which  thoy 
gave  the  name  Plymouth,  on  account  of  the  kind  treat- 
ment they  received  from  the  people  of  Plymouth  in 

*  A  larf!;e  rock  near  the  water,  pai(i  to  be  the  j)lace  where 
they  first  stejiped  ashore,  is  shown  witli  a  degree  of  veneration 
liyihe  inhabitantsof  Plymouth.  Itisagranite  ofa  reilisli  ca?t, 
anil  lias  long  since  been  nearly  levelled  with  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  A  large  fragment  has  been  placed  near  the 
head  of  the  main  street,  where  it  is  made  a  rendezvous  for 
boys  in  pleasant  evenings.  This,  as  well  as  the  jiart  from 
which  it  was  taken,  sutlers  occasionally  under  the  force  of  a 
dull  axe,  to  add  to  the  entertainment  of  the  story  of  the  trav- 
eller. 


t  Their  provisions  and  goods  were  held  in  common  by  the 
company,  at  (irst,  but  it  was  soon  found  by  the  wise  leaders, 
that  this  method  was  not  practicable,  and  it  was  soon  dro|)- 
ped.  Perliaps  the  chief  mover  of  this  wise  measure  was  Gov. 
uradford,  as  it  was  adopted  in  his  administration.  See  Bel- 
knap, Biog.  II,  23-2,  3. 


u^ 


APPENDIX. 


301 


Enghmd,  aiul  that  being  the  place  in  their  native 
country  from  which  they  hist  sailed.* 

In  January,  1()21,  their  store  liouse  took  fire,  and 
was  nearly  consumed.  Most  of  the  people  now  were 
sick,  and  Governour  Carver  and  Mr.  Bradford  were 
confined  in  the  store  house,  when  it  took  fire.  In 
March,  an  Indian  came  boldly  into  the  town,  and 
saluted  them  with  these  words,  "Welcome  English- 
men !  Welcome  Englishmen  !"  This  was  uttered  in 
broken  English,  but  was  clearly  understood.  Ills 
name  was  Samoset,  and  he  came  from  the  eastward, 
where  he  had  been  acquainted  with  some  fishermen, 
and  had  learned  some  of  their  language.  They 
treated  him  with  kindness,  and  he  informed  them, 
that  the  great  Sachem,  Ma»sassoit,f  was  coming  to 
visit  them ;  and,  told  them  of  one  Squanto,  that  was 
well  acquainted  with  the  English  language.  He  left 
them,  and  soon  after  returned,  in  company  with  Mas- 
sassoit,  and  Squanto. |  This  Indian  continued  with 
the  English  as  long  as  he  lived,  and  was  of  infinite 
service  to  them,  lie  showed  them  how  to  cultivate 
corn,  and  other  American  productions. 

About  this  time,  (beginning  of  April)  Governour 
Carver  died.  Soon  after,  Mr.  William  Bradford  was 
chosen.  The  mortality  that  began  soon  after  their 
arrival,  had  before  the  end  of  March,  carried  oft'  for- 
tyfour  of  their  number. 

Such  was  the  beginning  of  Newengland,  which 
is  now,  alone,  a  formidable  nation.  At  the  death  ot 
the  first  Governour,  it  contained  Fifty  seven  Europe- 

•  It  is  remarkable  that  Captain  Smith  had  called  this  place 
Plymouth  in  his  map  of  Newengland.  Dr.  Belknaj)  says, 
that  it  wcs  j)artl.v  on  this  account  that  it  was  now  so  called. 

+  For  the  particulars  of  Massassoit's  visit  to  the  Pilgrims. 
see  page  133,  and  note  1. 

i  He  was  one  of  those  carried  off  by  Hunt,  (see  page  289) 
and  got  from  Malaga  to  England  ;  and  was  entertained  by  a 
gentleman  in  London,  wlio  employed  him  to  Newfoundland, 
and  other  parts.  He  was  at  last  brought  into  tliese  parts  by 
air.  Thomas  Dcrmer.     Morton,  27,  23. 


S02 


APPENDIX. 


an  Inhabitants,  and  at  the  end  of  two  hundred  years, 
it  contained  upwards  of  one  milhon  six  hundred 
thousand. 

As  it  was  rriv  design,  only  to  Jiccompany  the  Pil- 
grims until  they  were  seated  in  the  wilderness,  I 
shall  now  dismiss  the  engaging  subject,  witli  a  short 
reflection. 

Perhaps  the  annals  of  the  world  do  not  furnish  a 
parallel  to  the  first  peopling  of  No'.england  ;  as  it 
respects  purity  of  intention,  jiMlgiuent  and  fortitude 
in  its  execution,  and  in  sustaining  for  a  series  of  years, 
a  government,  that  secured  the  liappine.-s  of  all.  An 
object  of  admiration,  justly  increasing  on  every  suc- 
ceeding generation,  in  proportion  to  the  remoteness 
of  time.  Founded  on  ilie  genuineness  of  those  au- 
thorities, who,  without  the  least  shade  of  fable,  have 
transmitted  to  us  their  true  liistory  :  rendered  pecu- 
liarly interesting,  from  its  minuteness  of  detail,  even 
beyond  what  could  have  been  expected.  Insomuch, 
that  no  one  can  read,  without  the  deepest  interest  in 
their  situations  ;  and  seciniiig,  as  it  were,  to  live  over 
those  days  with  them,  and  to  gain  a  perfect  ac- 
quaintance with  a  Carver,  a  Bradford,  a  Winslow, 
and,  indeed,  the  whole  train  of  worthies. 


IV.- 


-HISTORY  OF    THE    PEqUOT    WAR. 


While  the  number  of  English  inhabitants  was 
small,  their  troubles  with  the  Indians  were  easily  set- 
tled. But  as  is  natural  to  mankind,  as  they  increas- 
ed in  numbers  and  wealth,  they  were  too  proud  to 
court  the  favour  of  the  natives.  And  notwithstand- 
ing, great  tribute  is  due  to  the  memory  of  our  venera- 
ble forefathers,  for  their  almost  unexampled  resolu- 
tion, perseverance,  and  above  all,  fortitude  and  wis- 
dom, yet  they  were  men,  and  accountable  only  as 
men. 

"  There  was  a  nation  of  Indians  in  the  southern 
parts  of  Newengland,  called  Pequods  seated  on  a 


APPENDIX. 


303 


fair  navigable  river,*  twelve  miles  to  the  eastward 
of  the  mouth  of  the  great  and  famous  river  of 
Connecticut ;  who  (as  was  commonly  reported 
about  the  time  when  Newengland  was  first  planted 
by  the  English)  being  a  mote  fierce,  cruel,  and  war- 
like people  than  the  rest  of  the  Indians,  came  down 
out  of  the  more  inland  parts  of  the  continent,  and  by 
force,  seized  upon  one  of  the  goodliest  places,  near 
the  sea,  and  became  a  terror  to  all  their  neighbours, 
on  whom  they  had  exercised  several  acts  of  inlmman 
cruelty  ;  insomuch,  that  being  flushed  with  victories 
over  their  fellow  Indians,  they  began  to  thirst  after 
the  blood  of  foreigners,  English  and  Dutch, f  that  ac- 
cidentally came  amongst  them,  in  a  way  of  trade  or 
upon  other  accounts. 

"  In  the  year  1G34,  they  treacherously  and  cruel- 
ly murdered  Captain  StoneJ  and  Captain  Norton, § 
who  came  occasionally  with  a  bark  into  the  river  to 
trade  with  them.  Not  Ions;  after  within  the  compass 
of  the  next  year,]]  tlicy  in  IdvC  treacherous  manner, 
slew  one  Mr.  01dham,1[  (formerly  belonging  to  New 
Plymouth,  but  at  that  time  an  inhabitant  of  Massa- 
chusetts) at  Block  island,**  a  place  not  far  from  tlio 
mciutli  of  ihcir  harbour,  as  he  was  fairly  trading  with 
thern."ff 

*  Mystic  river. 

t  Some  cf  tlie  Dtitch  that  belonged  !o  Manhattans,  now 
Newyovic,  had  a  tradiry;  liouse  on  Connecticut  river,  and  in 
some  dilliculties  ^vith  the  iii'Hans  some  were  killed. 

f  Captain  Stone  was  froi  St.  Christophers,  and  came  to 
trade  in  Connecticut  river  ;i  the  Dutch  house.  Hist.  Con. 
1,70. 

§  Norton  was  of  Massachus^  :fs  and  killed  the  same  timf>. 
lb.  II  It  was  in  1636. 

IT  Some  difficulty  was  occasioned  with  Mr.  Oldham,  on  ac- 
count of  religious  matters,  and  he  was  banished  out  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, but  was  afterward  permitteii  to  return.  For  a 
valuable  memoir  of  him,  sec  Mr.  Savage's  edition  of  Wio- 
throp's  Hist.  I,  80. 

»•  About  20  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Newport.  R.  I 

tt  Hubbard's  Narrative. 


304 


APPENDIX. 


How  much  cause  the  Indians  had  for  these  outra- 
ges Me  cannot  tell ;  they  say,  that  captain  Stone  sur- 
prised some  of  their  men,  and  forced  them  to  pilot 
him  up  the  river,  and  that  on  his  coming  ashore,  with 
two  others,  was  killed  while  asleep.  The  English 
account  is  as  follows.  Having  entered  the  river, 
Stone  hired  some  Indians  to  pilot  two  of  his  men  up 
the  river,  who  at  night  went  on  shore  to  sleep, 
and  were  murdered  by  tlieir  pilots.  About  a  dozen 
of  those  Indians,  who  had  been  trading  with  Captain 
Stone,  went  on  board  his  vessel,  and  murdered  him, 
as  he  lay  asleep  in  his  cabin,  and  threw  a  covering 
over  him.  The  men  were  murdered  as  they  appear- 
ed, one  after  another,  except  captain  Norton,  who  de- 
fended himself  in  the  cook's  room,  until  some  pow- 
der tliathehad  in  an  open  vessel  for  the  quick  load- 
ing of  his  gun,  took  fire,  and  so  burned  him  ihat  he 
could  resist  no  longer. 

Mr.  John  Oldham  was  murdered  at  Block  island 
by  some  of  them,  or  at  least  the  murderers  were  shel- 
tered by  them.  One  Gallop,  in  his  passage  from 
Connecticut,  discovered  Mr.  Oldham's  vessel,  and  on 
coming  near,  found  the  deck  to  be  covered  with  In- 
dians. Gallop  now  suspected  that  they  had  killed 
Mr.  Oldham.  He  hailed  them,  and  they  gave  no 
answer,  but  made  oil'  as  fa.-t  as  they  could  ;  he  made 
for  them,  and  was  soon  i'.|)  with  them;  fired  among 
them,  and  drove  all  from  the  deck.  His  crew  being 
small,  would  not  ventnru  to  board,  and  so  stood  olf 
and  took  the  force  of  the  wind,  and  ran  down  upon 
them,  and  nearly  overset  their  vessel.  Six  of  them 
were  so  frightened,  that  they  leaped  overboard  and 
were  drowned.  He  again  stood  olf,  and  so  lushed 
his  anchor,  that  when  he  came  down  upon  them 
again,  it  bored  through  the  bows  of  t!ie  Intiians'  ves- 
sel, and  four  or  five  more  jumped  overboard  and  were 
lost.  The  vessels  now  stuck  fast  together,  and  they 
fought  side  by  side,  until  they  drove  all  below  again  ; 
and  then  Gallop  boarded  them,  and  as  tiiey  veutur- 


i 


APPENDIX.  305 

ed  up,  were  taken  and  bound.  lie  not  liavin^  places 
convenient  to  keep  them  all,  threw  one  into  the  sea. 
They  found  the  body  of  Mr.  Oldham^  covered  over 
with  a  sail,  with  his  head  cleft  to  the  brains.  In 
this  action,  Gallop  had  with  him  but  one  man,  and 
two  boys.  On  board  of  Mr.  Oldham's  vessel  were 
fourteen  Indians ;  two  or  three  of  whom  got  in  a  hole 
below,  and  could  not  be  drove  from  it.  Captain 
Gallop  then  fastened  the  vessel  to  his,  in  order  to 
take  her  in,  but  in  a  gale  she  was  broken  olf  and 
lost. 

The  same  year,  163G,  the  government  of  Massa- 
chusetts sent  Captain  Endicott  with  ninety  men  to 
avenge  these  murders,  in  case  the  murderers  were 
noj  delivered  up,  and  restitution  made  for  the  losses 
sustained.  The  Narragansets,  wlio  had  some  hand 
i«  the  murder,  now  submitted  to  the  terms  ollbred 
by  the  English.  Captain  Endicott  proceeded  to 
Block  island,  having  with  him  Cajitain  .John  Uiuler- 
hill,  and  Captain  Nathaniel  Turner.  At  their  arrival 
they  were  met  by  about  forty  Indians,  wlio  all  fled 
into  thickets,  where  they  could  not  be  found.  Tlioy 
burned  sixty  wigwams,  and  destroyed  about  two  hun- 
dred acres  of  corn,  and  all  their  canoes,  tiien  sailed 
for  the  Pequot  country.  On  their  arrival  in  Piiiiuot 
harbour,*  several  hundreds  collected  on  the  shore 
but  on  learning  the  business  of  the  English,  lied  into 
the  v^oods.  The  men  were  landed  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  and  the  Indians  fired  some  arrows  at  them 
i'rom  behind  the  rocks  and  bushes.  One  or  two  of 
the  enemy  were  killed,  but  no  object  was  eilectcd, 
and  the  troops  returned  to  Boston. 

Captain  Underhill  and  twenty  men  were  to  pro- 
ceed from  thence  to  Saybrook  fort,  and  strength- 
en it.  But  being  wind  bound,  they  went  on  shore  to 
titkc  some  Indian  corn,  and  were  surprised  by  a  large 

•At  the  mouth  of  Pequot  river,  now  caiied  the  tivea 
Thames. 


.fl 


306 


APPENDIX 


body  of  the  enemy,  who  fought  them  most  of  the 
afternoon.  They,  however,  put  tlie  Indians  to  llight, 
and  embarked  on  board  their  vessel.  One  man  only 
was  wounded,  but  they  concluded  that  a  number  of 
the  enemy  were  lulled. 

As  nothing  now  was  expected  but  war,  thf?  t«ng- 
lish  took  measures  to  secure  the  friendi^hlp  0?  t'le 
Narragansets,  which  they  efrected.  TheyTv^d  much 
to  fear,  in  case  they  should  join  with  the  Pequots, 
being  vcrv  numerous,  tiieir  warriours  being  esiimat- 
ed  at  five  thousand. 

Endicott's  ill  success  rather  emboldened  them  than 
otherwise,  and  in  the  next  April,  1037,  six  men  were 
killed  near  Weathersfield,  and  several  women  were 
captivated.  In  all  thirty  had  been  killed  since  the 
first  disturbances  took  [)lace. 

Vigorous  measures  were  now  resolved  upon  by  tbe 
people  of  Connecticut,  who  raised  ninety  men;  and 
shortly  after,  tlie  other  colonies  united  in  the  com- 
mon cause.*  The  Connecticut  troops,  under  Cap 
tain  Jo-lin  Mason,  on  the  tenth  of  May,  accom))a!iie(] 
lyy  about  seventy  ?,Ioliegan  Indians,  under  Umcju 
their  Sachem,  embarked  down  the  river  for  Sayhiuok 
fort;  where,  after  making  j)roper  arrangements,  thi-y 

*  The  Massaclmsctts  forces  were  on  their  march  t.)  Join 
those  of  Connecticut,  "when  they  wereretarrhMJ  hy  tlieinnsi 
ginguUr  cause  tliat  ever  induenced  the  ojierations  oC  a  mili- 
tary force.  ^Vhen  they  were  mustered  previous  to  lli!'ir  de- 
parture, it  was  found  that  some  of  tlie  olficers,  a-;  am-II  a^ 
the  i)rivate  soldiers,  were  still  under  a  covenant  of  Wink-; 
and  tliat  the  blessing  of  God  could  not  be  implored  or  <":|u'c(- 
ed  to  crown  the  arms  of  such  unhalloweil  men  with  sntr'"^<. 
Tlie  alarm  was  general  and  many  arrangements  nece'sc  v 
in  order  to  cast  out  the  unclean,  and  to  render  this  little  li;i;,  !' 
Butliciently  pure  to  fight  the  battles  of  a  people  who  en,  ■!. 
tained  high  ideas  of  their  own  sanctity."  Iiol)ertson's  11  >;. 
America,  II,  Book  X.  Thus  while  the  Boston  men  wrie  m 
war  with  the  spirits  of  darUnoss,  as  tliey  imagined,  the  Con- 
necticut men  under  Mason  were  left  alone  to  light  the  luopt' 
dangerous  Pequots,  as  will  presently  be  seen. 

*Cc-naiaiing  or  'JOO. 


APFRNDIX. 


3m 


marched  to  NaiTa/^iiiisct  hay.  l[i  ro  llicy  ('Ujrw^aa 
a  lur<;e  '•  "y  of  tlu;  iNarruuJuiscts,  us  auxiliaries,  and 
tlicii  procu.'cdcd  to  Nilmiilic,*  \v}?cro  tlicy  arrived. 
May  twciilylourtli. 

The  next  inoriiiutj  thry  wcro  joinodby  unollicr  Itodv 
of"  the  i\arra,i,'atist;ts,  wliicli  u\\uU\  llicir  liidiiui  I'orru 
ainnimt  to  near  livt!  himdriMl  men.  Alifr  inarcliiiiir 
twelve  miles,  to  J'awcaturk  river,  Captain  Mason 
halted  to  relresii  his  men.  Tiw!  weathiT  was  ex- 
tremelv  hot,  and  tlu;    men  snll'ered  ver\  mntdi.     Ills 


Ni 


Marraganset  men  now  l(>arnin<j;  that  they  were  fiomu; 
to  attack  the  Peipioi's  chiel'lort,  wer((  greatlv  amaz- 
ed, and  tile  most  ol"  them  r<  Inrned  home.  One  W'r- 
quash.  a  deserter  iVom  thi;  I'eijnols.  now  piloted  the 
army  to  a  Tort  at  Mystic.  .At  ni;j;ht  tiiey  encamped 
by  two  laig(>  rf»cks,f  and  two  honrs  before  day,  made 
ready  to  attack  the  I'ort.  Tliey  yet  had  two  mdes  to 
march,  wITudj  took  them  mitil  near  the  dawn  oi'd.iv. 


The  fort  w 


IS  on  tlxMop  o|  a  hdl.  and  no  time  must  iu- 


lost  in  makinu;  tiie  attac 


lien-  tnend 


In. I 


laiis  now 


chiefly  deserted  tliem.  and  ihcv  di\i(h'd  t!;eMiselves 
into  two  divisions,  for  the  b-iielit  ol"  atlaekini';  th<in 
in  two  particidar  points.  'I'hi'  |i;;:-tv  imder  Miisoa 
ssed  on  to  the  east   side,   while   ilint    miderl'Mp- 


prc 

tain    Underiiill    f.\ained   t!ie   W"st.       As    M.i^-oii   -.v^) 
jiroached  the   palisades,  a  do!'   ;,M\e   the  alarm,  ai 
an  Indian  cried  out  '■'  (Itrami.v  I   (■iranux  !"  lliat 


hi 


iiilZlisiime.* 


,n'>iislimen 


X'lii;''  :'"\N'  'liscdvei 


ed,  they  in-tantly  di-char'i'ed  tln'on^h  the  palif-ides, 
and  then  rnslied  into  ih(;   fort  sword  ia  l\aiid.      Ilerf- 
the  battle  was  yowr",  and   fur  some  time  d(>ul>tlui 
As  the    moment  !;rew  .more  critic'iLMa-^ou   liinn;iht 


c    ♦lie  last  expedient,  and  cried  out, 


W 


e  mii>l  l)i(rn 


th 


cm 


»V'e  must  burn  them 


r' 


a  IK 


I  tal. 


<in'i  a  htaii. 


fire,  comnmnicated   it  to  the  mats,    with   which 


wiiiwams  u('r(!  c.ti-'t>re 


■  iv  V  were  a. I  lU  a.  hi 


I'le 
n  a 


In  I-vnip. 


t"n.-t 


wr"Pii 


Iwo.brir''  rni!;s  in  (Jroion,  sinco  callftl  IVnUi'a 


rocks."     'I'nnuliiiU,  !,  H.1 


308 


APPENDIX. 


moment.  Tiie  Ennlisli  then  formed  ii  circlt;  about 
the  fort,  and  all  that  ventured  out  to  escape  tlie 
(lames,  were  imnuHliatelv  hliot  down.  Dreadful  now 
was  the  work  of  death.  Some  perishing  in  the 
Humes,  others  climbing  over  the  palisades,  were  no 
sooner  up  than  siiot  down.  Uncas,  in  the  mean 
time,  had  come  up  and  formed  a  r;irclo  in  the  rear, 
and  in  a  little  more  than  an  hour,  the  work  was  com- 
plete. Six  or  seven  hundred  Indians  were  slain, 
and  but  two  of  the  Englisl;,  and  sixteen  wounded. 

TJie  army  now  began  the  retreat,  and  a  body  of 
the  enemy  were  soon  seen  in  pursuit ;  but  a  few  shot 
kept  them  at  a  distance.  Tijis  body  of  the  enemy 
had  not  been  in  the  battle,  and  on  arriving  at  the 
fort,  and  beholding  the  dismal  spectacle,  beat  the 
ground  with  rage,  and  tore  tiK'ir  hair  in  desj)air. 

The  English  arrived  at  their  homes  in  about  three 
weeks  from  the  time  they  set  out,  and  flic  people 
were  greatly  rejoiced  at  their  success. 

Sa;»;acus,  the  chief  of  the  Pequots,  and  most  of 
his  people,  now  Hed  and  left  their  country.  But 
after  some  time,  it  was  discovered,  that  a  great  body 
of  them  were  in  a  swjimp  to  the  westward.  Troops, 
therefore,  were  sent  from  Massachusetts,  who  joined 
others  from  Coimecticut,  and  ti)ey  iinniedifitely 
marched  under  the  command  of  the  valiant  Mason, 
in  pursuit  of  them.  On  the  thirteenth  of  July  they 
arrived  at  the  fatal  swamp.  Some  of  the  English 
ruslied  in,  but  were  badly  wounded,  and  rescued  with 
dilliculty.  At  lengtli  they  surrounded  the  swamp, 
and  the  fight  continued  through  the  most  of  the 
night.  ]ly  the  help  of  a  tliijk  fog,  many  of  the  war- 
riours  escaped.  About  twenty  were  killed,  and  one 
hundred  and  eighty  captivated,  who  were  divided 
iciiiong  the  Narragansets  and  Moliegans.  Sassacus, 
with  a  few  of  his  chief  men,  fled  to  the  Mohawks, 
who,  at  the  request  of  tiie  Narragansets,  cut  oft'  his 


APPENDIX. 


sod 


bead;  and  thus  terminated  (ho  PiMjunt  war.*'  No- 
tliint;  of  great  moinont  occurred  until  the  time  of 
Philip. 

V. IIF.MAINS  OV  l'nil.ll''s  WAIl. 


It  is  intended  hero,  to  narrate  the  most  impnrtntit 
circumstances  in  the  progress  of  that  war  at  liio 
eastward,  in  Maine  and  Newhampshire. 

It  was  g(!nerally  tiiought,  that  I'hiliphad  oxcitod 
all  of  the  Indians  throughout  Ncwriigland,  fo  rise 
with  him  in  the  war.  While  this  lia^  lieen  doubted 
by  some,  others  think  it  proi)abh;,  tliat  his  endeavours 
were  used  even  anioiig  the  distant  tribes  of  Virginia. f 
IJ.ov»ever  this  might  have  been,  it  is  certain,  tliat  with- 
in twenty  days  from  the;  time  the  w.vr  begun  in  Suan- 
zey,  it  began  tobla/.e  at  the  distance  of  two  hundred 
miles,  even  at  the  northeasterly  extremity  of  New- 
england.  But  the  war  at  the  eastward  is  said  to  hav;; 
grown  out  of  the  foolish  conduct  of  some  of  the  in- 
habitants. All  insult  was  oIIimcmI  I(»  tin;  wife  of 
ycjuando,  a  chief  Sachem  ou  the  river  Sat;o.  Some 
irregular  sailors,  having  heard  tiiat  young  Indians 
could  swim  naturally,  likc!  those  of  the  brute  creation, 
met  the  wife  of  Sciuando  with  an  inlant  ciiild  in  a 
canoe,  and  to  ascertain  the  fact,  (»verset  it.  The 
child  sunk  to  the  bottom,  but  the  mother  diving  dov-n, 
immecliately  brought  it  up  without  apparent  iiiim.;-. 
However,  it  fell  out,  tiiat  IIum  hild  died  shortly  after, 
and  its  death  was  imputed  to  tin;  treatment  it  had  rv- 
ceived  from  the  saih^rs.  'riiis'so  cut  aged  the  c\\wA\ 
that  ho  only  waited  a  lit  time  to  coiumene*;  hostili- 
lies.  Other  catises  of  the  war  W(>.r(!  not  wanting  all 
alonii  the  eastern  frontier.     A  lett(;r  was  received  at 


*  It  was  tiic  rellcction  U|ioii  liio  lalo  (iflliis  diici'  I'luiinus  na- 
tion, that  gavfi  riseto  those-  l)eaiitil'ul  tiiul  synipathcliclc  linps 
in  Dwight's  tlrcentiplil  lull,  Part  the  I'muth,  which  see  in 
note  'i  topagc  14G  of  Pliilip's  war. 

t  See  Hubbard,  Nar.  262. 


;jio 


^PPFNDIX. 


K(!rui(!l)eck,  from  Y«)rk,  tlio  <;I('V(Mitli  July,  UtT^,  j/it- 
iiii;  accouiit  of  tlic  war  at  the.  wcstwafl,  iuni  that 
rm.aiis  wen;  usiiiij  to  disarni  llii;  iialivrs  aloiiL;  tlio 
slion;.  Had  till'  Indians  ciilritaiiicd  no  ideas  «)l'wur 
b»;fon!,  they  ccrtaiidy  woidd  Ik-  jusiiliiul  in  niidiini^ 
war  npoii  any  that  were  about  to  dcpiivc  tlicni  ol'  iho 
means  of  self  defence,  iiow  niiieli  have  ilw.  Spar- 
tans, tmder  J^conidas  boon  celebrated  for  their  answer 


to\ 


erxes,  when   ho   endeavoured  to   per^nadi!  Ilienj 


to  <j;ive  up  their  arms.  Jint  the  l''.ii;.!lish  were  not  so 
generous  as  tho  Persian  monarcii.  lor  h(?  promised 
the  Spartans  a   far  better  cotnitry  tlian  tiuirs.  if  they 


w 


onhl  comply.  To  which  tluiy  n'|)Ht,'(l,  tiiat  no 
cotmtry  was  worth  having  unless  won  by  valour;  and, 
as  to  their  arms,  th(!V  siiould  want  them  in  anv('omi- 


try. 


Terh 


(1  Ii 


laps  tne  despised  Indians  deserve  as  niiu'li 


lionour,  m  some  mstancus,  as  tho  di 


>f(.-nd 


(!rs  oi 


Tl 


ler- 


mop) 


ill  :in  attem|)t  to  force  the  In.liaii'  to  ddivi^r  up 
their  arms  atKemiebock,  one  behnif^iii!;:  to  the  Kiii^- 
llsh  came  near  bein<jf  killed,  'i'liis  causcMl  consider- 
abl(!  tumult,  but  at  len!>:th  w;m  settled,  1)V  promises 
and  hostages  on  the  part  of  tlu;  Indians.  I>iit  throuiiii 
the  supinencss  of  their  kei'|)ers.  tho  hostages  found 
means  to  escape  ;  and,  nieetinir  with  somt;  of  their 
fellows,  proceeded  to  I*ej(;pscot,  wiierc;  they  plunder- 
ed the  house  of  one  Purchase,  an  early  |)Ianter,  ami 
known  as  a  nuh-r  anionic  them.  'J'he  men  were  not 
at  homo,  but  no  incivility  was  (iU'ered  to  the  women. 
This  was  in  S(!ptember,  lOT.'). 

About  twentylive  of  the  Jwurlish  marched  out  to 
take  roveiii'!  for  what  had  Ix'cn  done.  They  went 
up  (Jasro  bay.  and  landed  near  the  mouth  of  tlu;  An- 
droscoL:<fin,  wliere  t!' "V  had  farms.  On  comini;'  near 
th 


Houses, 


1,  ''they  1'  ard  a  knockin:;,"  and  pre-ently 
saw  some  Indians;  who  it  appears,  we're  doiii_f  no 
harm;  but  without  waitini^  to  know,  t'le  I,ii;j;lish 
ru-!ied  on  them,  and  some  wiire  kilh.'d.  The  In  lians 
rallied,  and  wounded  manv  of  them  before  tliev  c.ouM 


Ii. 


APPENDIX. 


an 


jriiin  their  vcscsls.  Hoini;  it  appoiirs,  oven  in  those 
iliiys,  i^toiul  Ji  iitth;  Oh-  the  ri^^hts  of  the  iiiitives,  uiid 
veiitur(!(l  to  «|uestioti  the  virtue  of  this  action.  "JJiit," 
snyn  Mr.  {Iiiliburd,  "if  this  liappeiieil  after  tht;  mur- 
der of  old  Mr.  \VaIi(dy  and  family,  the  Hu'jlish  can 
be  Ithimed  for  nothing  hut  their  negligencu;."*  Hut 
whether  it  was  or  not,  does  not  ajjpear.f  Tiie  de- 
strfietion  of  this  family  vJas  horrid.  Six  persons, 
namely,  the  old  genth;man,  his  son,  and  dau.,dilcr  in 
law,  who  was  far  advanced  in  pregnancy,  and  three 
grandchildren  were  killed,  and  inangleil  in  a  shock- 
ing niann(;r.  Some  of  them,  when  I'ound  the  next 
tlay,  wero  partly  consumed  in  the  llames  of  their 
dwcdling,  to  which  the  IndianiJ  set  lire  when  they 
drew  oil". 

At  Saco  they  met  with  a  severe  repulse,  in  an  en- 
(hiavour  to  take  Major  I'hillips'  garrison. f  C'aptain 
Uenython  had  got  information  by  a  friendly  fnilian, 
that  something  was  intended  aga'nst  the  plin'c,  so  ho 
retired  into  the  garrison  wUh  I'hillips.  His  house 
had  not  been  deserted  above  an  hour,  when  he  saw 
it  in  llames.  The  savages  soon  crossed  the  river,  and 
wore  seen  skulking  by  the  fences  to  get  a  shot  at 
some  about  the  garrison.  Major  Phillips  went  into 
a  chamber  to  look  out  for  the  enemy,  and  was  wound- 
ed. The  Indians  thought  they  had  killed  him,  and 
openlv  borim  tjie  attack;  but  their  Cap  lin  being 
i.i.iiediaiely  shot  down,  they  drew  a  littl.  further  oil". 
I'hey  now  employed  a  stratagem  to  tire  the  garrison. 
I'hey  took  the  large  wheels,  (used  for  lumbering,  at 
a  mill  near  by,  vvliich  they  burned)  and  erected  a 
battery  upon  the  axletree,  then  they  ran  it  biu;k  by 
taking  iiold  of  the  tongue  or  spear,  very  near  fhe 
garrison;  when  one  wheel  stuck  in  the  nmd,  and  liie 

*  iNiirnitive,  2(J!). 

■f  HiiUiviiii,  Hist.  iMMiiio,  IftH.  says  it  \va3  in  July,  l(iV5.  .•aid  tliiil 
t!io  niiinc  of  tla-  family  was  VV^aki-lii'W. 
^Oii  Saturday,  18  September. 


312 


APPENDIX. 


other  rolling  on,  gave  their  helm  an  obli(Hic  direction, 
and  they  were  all  exposed  to  the  fire  of. the  EnglisJi, 
Tiiey  being  in  readiness,  fired  from  every  part  of  the 
fortification  atonce,  killing  and  wounding  about  tliirty. 
The  rest  gladly  gave  up  the  siege  and  iled.  They  next 
killed  seven  persons  at  Blue  point,  (Scarborough,) 
and  burned  twenty  houses.*  About  the  same  time, 
five  persons  were  killed  r)y  the  same  Indians,  while 
going  up  Saco  river.  In  the  same  month,  they  burned 
two  houses  at  Oyster  river,  belonging  to  two  iiunilies 
by  the  name  of  Chesly,  killed  two  men  passing  in  the 
river,  and  carried  two  captive.  One  llobiiison  and 
son  were  shot  in  the  way  between  Exeter  and  Hamp- 
ton, about  this  time.  Within  a  few  days,  also,  the 
house  of  one  Tozer,  atNewichwannock,  was  ass;iult- 
ed,  wherein  were  fifteen  women  and  children,  all  of 
whom  except  two,  were  saved  by  the  intre])idity  of  a 
girl  of  eighteen.  She  first  seeing  the  Indiajis,  shut 
the  door  and  stood  against  il,  till  the  others  escap(;d 
to  the  next  honse,  which  was  better  secured.  The 
Indians  chopped  the  door  to  ])ieces,  then  entering, 
knocked  her  down,  and  leaving  her  for  dead,  went  in 
pursuit  of  the  others  ;  of  whom,  two  children,  who 
could  not  get  over  the  fence,  fell  into  their  hands. 
The  valiant  heroine  recovered  of  her  wounds.  The 
two  next  days,  they  sliowed  themselves  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  burned  two  houses  and  three  barns, 
containing  a  great  quantity  of  grain.  And,  at  Oys- 
ter river,  they  burned  five  houses,  and  killed  two  men. 
The  people  were  now  determined  to  retaliate.  About 
twenty  young  men,  chiefiy  of  Dover,  obtained  leave 
of  Major  VVaidron,  thtm  conunander  of  the  "militia, 
to  Innt  the  enemy.  Having  divided  themselves  into 
tmall  parties,  one  of  these  came  U})on  five  Indians 
in  the  woods,  near  a  dcerted  house.  Two  of  them 
were  preparing  a  fire  ,  .  roast  corn,  while  the  other 
three  were  gathering  it.     Tiiey  were  at  a  loss  at  first 

•Sullivan,  215. 


AITENDIX 


313 


i 


liow  lo  iniil\(!  tlicir  onset,  as  the  IiKhans  were  the 
most  mimorous.  Hut  at  lcn<Ttli,  concluded  to  creej) 
up  and  knock  tlio  two  on  the  head  at  the  lire,  without 
noiso  to  ahirm  the  others.  Tlie  first  part  of  th(,'ir 
plan  exiietly  surreedcd,  liio  two  Indians  bciui};  hiid 
d(!ad  with  th(!  huts  of  their  guns ;  but  the  otiiers  heard 
tlio  Mows  and  IIcmI. 

Pcophi  in  geiuM'al,  now  retired  to  garrison  houses, 
and  th(^  country  wns  tilh-d  witli  consternation.  Octo- 
ber the  sev«>ntii,  Thursday,  a  man  was  shot  olf  his 
horsi>,  as  lie  was  riding  between  two  garrisons  :it 
Newichwaunock.  Not  f;ir  from  the  same  phice  two 
others  were  sliot  di'ad  the  s;mic  day.  Ai)oMt  the 
same  lime,  an  ohl  gentleman,  by  the  name  of  Ueard. 
was  killed,  and  his  head  cut  olf  and  set  noon  a  pole. 
This  was  nt  OystiM-  river.  On  Saturday,  the  si.\- 
leciilh,  ubcMit  a  hundred  Indinns  appeared  at  Newich- 
wannotds,  (!'»(>rwi(dv  now)  a  short  distance  from  the 
upper  garrison,  where  liiey  killed  one  Tozer,  and  eap- 
tur<>d  his  son.  Tlu;  guns  alarmed  Lieutenant  Plais- 
ted  at  \\u\  next  garrisim,  who,  with  seven  men,  went 
out  on  a  discovery,  but  fell  into  an  ambush;  two  or 
three  were  killed,  and  the  others  (^scai)cd  to  the  gtir- 
rison,  wheri!  they  were*  closely  besieged.  In  this 
perihius  situation,  [/ieuten;int  IMaisted  wrote  a  letter 
to  Major  Waldron  for  help,  but  he  was  not  able  to 
afford  any.  The  next  day  Plaistcd  ventured  out  with 
twenty  men  to  bury  the  dead,  but  was  again  ambush- 
<'d,  aiul  his  men  <leserted  him.  lie  disdaining  to  tly. 
was  killed  upon  the  spot,  with  his  eldest  son,  and  one 
more.  liis  other  son  died  of  his  wounds.  It;ippears 
thnt  th(^  fudiiuis  now  drew  olf,  forCaptain  Frost  went 
up  iVom  Sturgeon  creek,  the  next  day.  and  buried  tiic 
dead.  The  eu(>rny  next  nppeared  at  Sturgeon  creek, 
about  th(>  latter  end  of  tlio .month,  and  attacked  (.'ap- 
lain  l''rost\s  house,  wiiich  was  preserved  only  by  a 
stratagem.  I'rost  had  only  three  boys  with  him,  laut 
by  giving  ordti's  in  an  imperious  tone,  for  some  to 
march  here,  and  others  to  fn("  there,  that  the  Indians 


314 


APPENDIX. 


thoiiclit  he  had  a  great  many  men,  so  went  olF  and 
Icil  iiim.  The  next(hiy  they  appeared  aixainst  Ports- 
nioiuJi,  on  tlie  Kittery  sick;,  wliere  they  killed  one 
man  and  burned  his  house.  Some  shot  {rum  a  can- 
non bein^  thrown  among  them  fiom  a  Ijattery  oil 
I'ortsnionih  side,  they  thought  hcht  to  disappear.  A 
i)arty  of  English  pursued  them,  and  recovered  most 
of  their  ])lunder,  hut  killed  none,  ir.um  after  a 
iiouse  and  two  or  three  barns  were  burnc.i  atQucjche- 
eo,  and  three  or  four  persons  killed  about  Il.xeter  and 
Lampreyeel  river. 

At  Casco  bay.  Lieutenant  Tngersol's  son,  with 
another  man,  were  killed,  while  out  hunii.'ig.  Many 
houses  were  also  burned.  At  IJl.iek  point,  Lieuten- 
ant Augur  with  his  brother  were  killed.  Captain 
^Vineol  of  Newichwannoek,  marehed  this  way  for 
the  relief  of  his  fritmds,  with  id)out  i()urteen  m(;n. 
Ho  soon  had  askirmisli  with  the  enemy,  and  lost  two 
or  tiu'ee  of  his  men.  Soon  alter,  as  they  were  niareh- 
ing  along  on  the  sea  side,  they  were  beset  by  agresit 
body  of  Indians;  but,  chancing  to  get  h;;hind  some 
tind>er,  from  whence  they  (h^all  willi  tlicr.i  with  such 
etl'eet,  that  they  soon  took  to  the  womis,  and  the 
Mnglish  escaped  in  a  canoe.  P/ut  niiie  men  from 
Sae(j,  having  heard  the  firing,  cauK!  out  to  assist  their 
f(-jlows.  and  fell  into  an  ambush,  and  were  ;dl  killed. 
'j'wo  persons  were  killed  at  Weils  in  tlie  beginning 
of  winter.  At  the  same  ])laee,  one  Cross  and  one 
Isaac  Cousins  were  also  killed  about  a  we<.'k  after. 

Depreciations  were  suspended  on  account  of  the 
severity  of  winter.  But  before  the  suspension,  up- 
wards of  fifty  people  had  been  killed  and  taken,  in 
(he  mean  tim(>.  ;i  |)eace  was  conchah.'d  through  the 
mediation  of  Major  W'aldron,  which,  s;iys  j\lr.  Hub- 
bard. "  i.)ight  have  remained  fuin  eiiougli  to  tiiis  diiy, 
had  there  not  been  too  just  an  occasion  given  Iv.rtiic 
breaking  of  the  same,  by  tin;  wicked  practice  of  some 
jewd  {)ersons  which  opened  tlu;  door,  and  miide  way 
for  the  bringing  in  all  those  sad  calamities  and  niis- 


HA 

I  ,3 


1 


APPENDIX. 


;i5 


thicfp,  that  Iiavo  since  fiillon  upon  those  parts  of  the 
coiiiitry." 

liut  tills  may  be  considered  as  the  end  of  Pliilip's 
war  in  the  east,  altliough  froni  other  causes  a  war 
continued  til!  KJTS. 

Many  of  Phih|)'s  Indians  mixed  with  those  at  the 
eastward  after  t!ie  fall  of  that  chief,  in  hopes  of 
cscapifis;  detection.  For  they  liad  seen  even  tjiosc 
who  delivered  themselves  up,  executed,  therefore, 
they  were  apprised  of  their  fate.  Some  that  had 
killed  Thomas  Kiinbal  of  Bradford,  and  carried  oil' 
his  family,  soon  after  restored  them  witii  the  hopes  of 
pardon,  but  it  being  doubted  whether  this  vViis  a 
suliicient  atonement  for  the  whole,  they  (three  of 
them)  were  thrown  into  Dover  jail.  Tiie  jirisonors 
considering  tiiis  only  as  a  prelude  to  their  future 
punishment,  broke  jail,  and  iled  to  join  the  Kenne- 
l)eck  and  Androscoggin  Indians.  Through  tluiir  in- 
lluence  another  (puirrel  was  begun.  • 

The  next  remarkable  occurrence  was  tiu;  caj)lure 
of  the  four  hundred  Indians  at  (iuocheco.-  For 
other  particulars  the  reader  is  rtiferred  to  Mather's 
Magnalia,  and  Belknap's  Xe\vhamj)shire. 

VI. TUE    IU)LD    f:XI'LOiT    OV    HANNAK    UCSTAN. 

This  took  place  in  the  latter  part  of  Castine's  JVar, 
or  as  others  term  it  '■'■King  IVilllanis  War  f  but  as 
it  is  evident  that  Castine  was  th(!  y\\\\'(  mover  of  it, 
it  nmy  very  properly  be  calh.'d  Ccslincs  liar. 

On  the  fifth  of  March,  I(i'.)S,  the  Indians  made  a 
descent  on  Ilaveriiill  in  Massachusetts,  in  which  they 
ti'«k  and  killed  thirtynine  |)ersons,  and  burned  al)out 
M  liiili'a  dozen  houses.  In  the  (Miset,  the  house  <»f  a 
\.\\\  Dustan  was  fallen  upon,  and  his  v.ife,  wlio  had 
J  n  in  but  a  wefk  before,  and  hrr  nurse,  Mary  Netl", 
were  taken.     Mr.  Dustan   was  absent  when  the  In- 


*  Xn  ai-coniit  nfllip  alVai:'  i»  u;iv('!)  uitli  llie  history  of  Ma 
'or  \\'al»h'oi»  in  \w  tliiiii  nnln  to  \yA^>-  ItJi. 


316 


APPENDIX. 


(lians  first  appeared  about  the  town,  and  on  hearing 
tiie  alarm,  ran  to  the  assistance  of  his  famiiy.  Mcct- 
ini^  seven  of  his  cMldren  near  liis  honsc,  ordenid 
them  to  run,  and  mi-..e  their  escape  to  some  garrison 
in  tiie  town,  while  lie  entered  the  house  with  intent 
to  help  his  wife  escape.  She  left  her  bed  at  the 
vv-arning,  but  the  near  approach  of  the  Indians,  wotihl 
udnut  only  of  a  'l>ing  retreat;  this  Mr.  Dustan  saw 
wiis  impossible,  from  the  weak  state  of  his  wife.  A 
moment  of  horrour  and  despair  brooded  over  him ;  in 
which  he  had  to  choose  whether  ho  would  stay  ;uul 
suifcr  with  her,  or  make  his  escape.  lie  resolved  on 
the  latter,  knowing  that  he  could  be  no  assistance  to 
her,  amidst  an  army  of  savages  ;  and,  that  he  mighl 
be  to  his  children,  in  facilitating  their  escape.  The 
Indians  were  now  upon  them,  but  he  having  a  horse, 
fled  before  them,  and  overtook  his  children,  ab  >!il 
forty  rods  from  the  house  ;  some  one  of  which,  he  in- 
tended to  have  taken  on  the  horse  with  him,  and  s.i 
escape.  But  now  he  was  at  a  loss,  for  which  one  t  i 
take,  he  knew  not;  therefore,  he  resolved  to  iiice 
about,  and  defend  them  to  the  last.  Some  of  the 
enemy  drew  near  and  fired  upon  them,  and  Mr.  Dus- 
tan  being  armed,  also  fired  upon  the  Indians,  at 
which  they  gave  over  the  pursuit,  and  returned  l(. 
share  the  spoils  of  the  house.  Mr.  Duslan  and  his 
seven  children  (from  two  to  seventeen  years  of  agi-) 
got  safe  to  a  garrison,  one  or  two  miles  olf,  where 
we  must  leave  him  to  bewail  the  many  supposed 
deatiis  of  his  wife  and  infant  child. 

The  Indians,  bcMug  about  twenty  ia  number,  in  the 
niean  time,  seize<l  the  nurse,  who  was  making  Ik.t 
escape  with  the  young  child,  and  taking  Mrs.  Dus- 
tan,  with  what  plunder  could  be  found  from  the  house, 
set  it  on  fire,  ainl  took  up  their  marcli  for  Canada. 
The  infant  was  immcMliately  taken  from  the  nurse, 
and  a  monster  takin  t  by  the  feet,  daslied  out  its 
brains  against  a  tree.  Flieir  whole  number  of  ca[)- 
tives  was  now  about  twelve,  which  gradually  dimin- 


APPENDIX. 


ni7 


ished  on  the  march.  Some,  growing  weary  and 
fuint,  were  killed,  scalped,  and  otherwise  mangled, 
and  left  in  tJie  wilderness.  Notwithstandinir  the 
weakness  of  Mrs.  Dustan,  she  travelled  twelve  miles 
ihe  first  day,  and  thus  bore  up  under  a  journey  of 
near  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  in  a  few  days. 
On  their  marchthe  Indians  divifled,  according  to  their 
usual  custom,  and  each  family  shifted  for  itself  with 
their  share  of  prisoners,  for  the  convenience  of  hunt- 
ing. Mrs.  Dustan,  her  nurse  and  an  J'^nglisii  youth, 
taken  from  Worcester  eighteen  months  before,  fell 
to  the  lot  of  an  Indian  family,  consisting  of  twelve 
persons ;  two  stout  men,  three  women,  and  seven 
children.  The  captives  were  informed,  that  when 
they  arrived  at  a  certain  Indian  town,  tiiey  were  to 
run  tiie  gauntlet,  through  a  great  number  of  Indians. 
But  on  the  thirtieth  of  April,  having  arrived  at  the 
mouth  of  Contoocook  river,  they  encamped  upon  a 
small  islanil,  and  pitched  their  tents.  As  all  lay 
asleep  but  Mrs.  Dustan.  she  conceived  the  bold  de- 
sign of  j)utting  the  Indians  to  rleath,  and  escaping. 
Accordingly,  she  silently  engaged  Miss  Nell",  and 
the  English  youth,  to  act  a  part  in  the  dreadful  tra- 
gedy ;  infusing  her  heroism  into  them,  each  took  a 
tomahawk,  anil  with  such  deadly  clTect  were  the 
blows  dealt,  that  all  were  slain  save  two ;  one  a  wo- 
man, wh.0  fled  desperately  wounded,  the  other  a  boy, 
whom  they  intended  to  have  kept.  They  then  took 
otf  their  ten  scalps,  and  returned  home  in  safety. 
The  goverimient  voted  them  fifty  pounds  reward, 
and  Colonel  Nicholson,  the  Governour  of  Maryland, 
made  them  a  valuable  present.  The  island  on  uliicli 
this  memorable  affair  happened,  justly  bears  the 
name  of  Dustan's  island.* 

•  For  the  principal  I'acts  in  this  narrative  I  am  indebted  to 
the  Magnalia. 


m 


'i     .lip 

ii 


MM 


318  APPENDIX. 

VII.-  -SCHENECTADA   DESTllt  VED. 

"In  the  dead  of  winter,  three  expeditions  were 
planned,  and  parties  of  French  and  Indians  despatch- 
ed from  Canada,  on  ditVerent  rontes,  to  tlie  frontier'* 
of  the  EngHsh  colonies.  One  of  tliese  jiartiiis,  on 
Febrnary  tlie  eighth,  1()90,  fell  on  Schenectad:),'^  a 
village  on  the  Mohawk  river.  Snch  was  the  fat  '  *■- 
cnrity  of  the  people,  that  they  had  not  so  ni'  .  iis 
shut  their  gates.  'J'he  enemy  made  the  attaci  •  ihe 
(lead  time  of  the  night,  when  the  inhabitai'  >i'ie 
in  a  profound  sleep.  Care  was  taken  by  a  ision 
of  the  enemy  into  small  j)artics,  to  attack  e^f  louse 
at  tiie  same  instant.  Ik-fore  the  people  weio  risen 
iiom  their  beds,  the  enemy  were  in  possession  of 
th(;ir  dwellings,  and  commencted  the  most  inhuman 
barbarities.  In  an  instant  the  whole  village  was 
wra|)])ed  in  a  general  llamo.  Women  were  ripped 
up,  and  their  infants  dashed  against  the  posts  of  their 
doors,  or  cast  into  the  Jlames.  Sixty  persons  perisli- 
ed  in  the  massacre,  and  about  thirty  were  ca]»tivat- 
ed.  The  rest  lied  naked  in  a  terrible  storm  and  deep 
snow.  In  the  flight,  twentylive  of  these  unhappy 
fugitives  lost  their  limbs,  through  the  severity  of  the 
season. 

The  enemy  consisted  of  about  two  hundred  French, 
and  a  niunbrr  of  Caghnuagaf  Indians,  und(;r  the 
comniand  of  D'AiUebout,  I)e  Mantel,  and  Le  Moyne. 
Their  first  design  was  against  Albany,  but  having 
been  two  and  twenty  days  on  their  march,  they  were 
leduced  to  such  straits,  that  they  had  thoughts  of 
surrendering  themselves  jirisoners  of  nar.     The  In- 

*  About  14  rnilos  above  Albany,  on  ll)c  west  sitle  of  the 
Mobawlv.  The  country  around  is  a  samly  barren,  on  which 
account  it  was  ca'  ^'il  Sciiencclatla. 

t  Tliis  Cafijhnuaga  is  in  Canada.  There  is  another  on  tlie 
Mohav.'k  river,  fi  inilcs  below  Johnston,  but  the  inliabi- 
lanls  iiere  spell  it  Caughnewagi. 


APPENDIX. 


319 


dians.  therefore,  a(lvise(i  them  to  Scheiiuctada  :  and 
it  seems  tliat  tho  accounts,  which*tl»eir  scouts  uavc! 
them  of  its  fatal  security,  was  the  only  circurnstan(;(3 
which  determined  them  to  make  an  attempt,  ev(Mi 
upon  this.  The  enemy  pillajrcd  tlie  town,  and  went 
otf  with  the  j)huKler,  anti  about  forty  of  tin;  Ix'st 
horses.  The  rest,  with  all  the  cattle  th(;y  could  fuid, 
were  left  shu:<^hteii;(i  in  the  streets.  The  success  of 
the  enemy  seems  to  luive  been  principally  owin<r  to 
the  dispute  between  licisler*  ar  1  the  people  of  Alba- 
ny, in  consequence  of  whicii  this  post  was  neglect- 
ed. 

The  Mohawks  joining  a  party  of  young  men  from 
Albany,  pursued  the  enemy,  and  falling  on  their  rear, 
killed  and  captivated  nearly  thirty. "f 

VIIT. SCHUYLEU'S  EXPEDITION,  AND  OTHKU  EVKNTS. 

TiJE  success  of  the  French  and  Indians  against  the 
frontier  settlements  of  Newengland,  had  been  great, 
andtheinactivity  of  the  people  to  repel  tiiem,  had  just- 
ly b('en  an  object  of  blame  with  the  Si.xnations;  for 
their  country  must  at  all  times  aiford  a  pass  to  tlieiii.  ■ 
Steps,  therel'ore,  nnist  now  be  taken  to  retain  tlie 
confidence  of  those  peopl(;. 

Major  Peter  Schuyler,  the  Washington  of  his  day. 
lived  at  Albany,  where  with  incredible  industry  and 
perseverance,  he  madi.'  himself  ac(|uainted  witii  all 
the  ])!ans  and  w  '"rtakings  of  tho  Sixnations,  and  as 
studiously  mai  lued  a  friendship  with  them,  which 
extended  to  all  Americans.  They  had  received  re- 
peated injuries  from  the  French  i()r  a  long  tiuK;,  and 
somethinii  was  now  necessary  to  prove  to  them,  that 
the  English  were  not  afraid  to  meet  thviu  on  their 
.■»\V)i  ground.  Aecordiiiglv,  in  KiDl,  Major  Schuyler, 
'•with  about  tlu"ee   hundred  men,  Jieariy  liall'   Mo- 


•  Altcru'ards  rxpciited  Cor  assuniiriG;  the  fz;ovcrnmcnt  of 
Newyork.     Sne  Smilirs  Hist.  N.  Y.  lit  to  lii9. 

iTrtM.il. nil's  Hist.  I'.  S.  I,  215  (o  '217. 


<mm 


!1 


r'  ;l  m 


mBil 


^iini''^' 


~i! 


320 


APPENDIX. 


Iifiwks  and  Sclmkook*  Indians,  passed  Lake  Cluun- 
plain,  and  inado'a  bold  attack  on  tlio  French  settle- 
ments north  of  the  lake.  Meunvvhile,  DeCaJlieres,  the 
CJovernonr  of  Montreal,  spared  no  j>ains  to  ffive  him 
a  ])roper  reception.  He  crossed  the  river  with  twelve 
hundred  men,  and  encamped  at  La  Praire.  Schuy- 
ler attacked  and  put  to  llight  his  out  posts  and  In- 
dians, pursued  them  to  the  fort,  and  on  that  com- 
menced a  brisk  attack.  He  had  a  sharp  and  brave 
action  with  the  French  regulars,  and  afterward  forc- 
nig  his  way  through  a  body  of  the  enemy,  who  in- 
tercepted him,  on  his  return,  made  good  his  retreat. 
In  these  several  conHicts,  the  Major  slew  of  the  ene- 
my, thirteen  officers,  and  in  the  whole  three  hundred 
men ;  a  greater  number  than  he  carried  with  him 
into  the  tield."+ 

Before  this,  in  1GS8,  twelve  hundred  warriours  of 
the  Sixnations,  made  a  descent  on  the  island  of  Mon- 
treal, slew  a  thousand  of  the  inliabitants,  and  carried 
olf  twcntysix  prisoners,  whom  they  burnt  alive. 
About  three  months  alter,  they  attacked  the  island 
again,  and  weni  olf  with  nearly  the  same  success. 
"  These  expeditions  had  the  most  dismal  consecjuen- 
ces  on  the  alliiirs  of  tiie  French  in  Canadu."  They 
had  1  garrison  at  lake  Ontario,  which  they  now  aba/i- 
doned,  and  fled  in  canoes  down  the  Cadarackui  in 
the  night;  and,  in  descending  the  falls,  a  grent  num- 
ber of  men  were  lost.  'J  \y^  warriours  then  took  pos- 
session of  the  garrison,  nnd  twentyseven  barrels  of 
powder  fell  into  their  li.inds.  JNothing  but  the  ignor- 
ance of  the  Sixnations,  in  the  Euro]K;an  art  of  war, 
saved  Canada  from  total  ruin  ;  and,  vvliut  will  ever  be 
lamented,  the  colonies,  through  the  caprice  f>f  their 
Eurojjcan  lords,  were  unable  to  lend  them  any  assist- 
ance. VV'ith  a  little  help  from  the  Engii^!i,a  period 
would  have  been   put  to  the  torrents  of  blood  that 

•  Trumbull,  I,  221,  but  at  SOI,  In-  spells  it  as  sCeu  in  iMiil- 
i',)'s  war,  page  68  except  that  he  used  but  one  t 

t  Ibid.  221-225. 


APPENDIX. 


321 


flowed  until,  tho  coiKjucstby  tlio  iiimiorlul  Wolf  and 
Amherst,  in  17C0. 

IX. DKSTlinCTIO.V  Oi'  OKKUFIKl,!). 

In  1703,  the  jilan  wns  h>"d  to  cut  ofl*  tite  front'tf 
inliabitants  of  NexCcnghind,  from  one  cxticiuity  to  the 
other,  but  it  was  not  fully  (wecutcd.  Though  the 
eastern  settlements  from  Cusco  to  Wells  were  ile- 
stroyed,  and  one  Inuidred  and  thirty  people  killed  ai.d 
taken,  the  western  frontiers  remained  unmolested, 
and  were  lulled  into  a  fatal  security.  From  the  In- 
dians that  traded  at  Albany,  (.'ol(»nel  Schuyler  receiv- 
ed intelligence  of  a  design  in  Canada  to  fall  upon 
iJeerfield,  of  whic'*  the  inliabitinits  were  iid'ormed  in 
May.  "  The  design  not  being  carried  into  execution 
in  the  course  of  the  summer,  the  intelligence  was 
iiot  enough  uogarded.  Ihit  tho  next  winter,  170 1, 
M.  Vaudrieul,  [Vaudreuill  (1'  »crnour  of  Canada,  re- 
simied  the  ])roject  with  nnich  attiMition." 

The  history  of  this  aliidr  from  the  accomplished 
historian  of  Vermont,  J)r.  Sanniel  Williams,  is  per- 
haps more  particidarly  interesting,  iis  he  is  an  iuune- 
diate  descendant  of  a  principal  sulferer,  the  llev. 
John  William^,  I  give  it  in  his  own  words. 

"  Dccrlield,  at  that  time,  was  iIk;  most  nordicrly 
settlement  on  Connecticut  river,  a  lt;w  famili(,'s  at 
iVorthfield  exce|)ted.  Against  this  place;,  M.  V'au- 
dri(nd  sent  out  a.  ])arty  of  about  three  lunidrcd  French 
and  Indians.  Tliey  were  |)Ut  under  the  coinmand  of 
llertel  de  ilouville,  assisted  by  lour  of  his  brothers; 
iiU  of  uhich  had  been  traiiuul  up  to  tlu;  business  by 
their  filher,  who  had  been  a  famous  parti/an  in  their 
(ornier  wars.  'J'Ih;  route  they  took,  was  by  the  way 
of  Lake  Champlain,  till  they  cam*!  to  the  French 
river,  now  called  (.)nion  river.  Advancing  up  that 
stream,  they  j)assed  (tver  to  Coimecticut  river,  and 
travelled  on  the  ice  till  they  cnine  near  to  Deerfield. 
Mr.  Williams,  their  minister,  had  been  much  appre- 

o 


322 


APPENDfX. 


hensive  of  diingcr,  nnd  attemptod  to  make  the  snma 
imj)n<ssif)n  on  the  niiiuls  of  liis  people,  but  not  with 
sullieient  success;  but  upon  liis  !i])plication,  the  go- 
vernment of  tijc  province  had  sent  afi^uard  of  twenty 
soldiers  for  their  assistance.  The  fortifications  were 
sonic  sli;;,'Iit  works  thrown  round  two  or  three  garri- 
son houses,  but  were  nearly  covered  in  some  places 
wifh  drifts  of  snow.  To  this  place,  Rouvillc  with 
his  party,  njiproached  on  February  the  tvventyninth 
Hovering  round  the  place,  he  sent  out  nis  spies  lor 
intelligence.  The  watch  kept  the  streets  of  the  town 
till  about  two  hours  before  day,  and  then,  unfortu- 
ni:«tely,  all  of  them  went  to  sleep.  Perceiving  all  to 
be  quiet,  the  enemy  embraced  the  opportunity  and 
rushed  on  to  the  attack.  The  snow  was  so  high, 
that  tliey  had  no  dilHculty  in  jumping  over  t!i(!  walls 
of  the  fortification;  and  immediately  separated  into 
small  parties,  to  appear  before  every  house  at  the 
same  time.  The  place  was  com[)let(ly  surprised, 
and  the  enemy  were  entering  tlie  liouses  at  the  mo- 
ment th(!  inhabitants  had  the  fust  suspicion  of  their 
>ipproach.  The  whole  village  was  carried  in  a  f 'W 
hours,  and  with  very  little  resistance;  one  of  the;  ;:  ir- 
rison  houses  only,  being  able  to  hold  out  against  the 
enemy. 

Having  carried  the  place,  slain  .fortyscvcn  of  the 
inhabitants,  captured  tlie  rest,  and  plundered  the  \  il- 
lage,  the  enemy  set  it  on  fire;  antl  an  hour  after  sun 
rise  on  the  same  day,  recreated  in  great  haste.  A  small 
party  of  the  Knglish  pursued  them,  and  a  skirmisli 
ensued  the  same  day,  in  which  a  f(nv  were  lost  on 
both  sides.  The  enemy,  however,  completely  stir-- 
ceeded  in  their  cnterpri/.e,  and  returned  to  Caiia  l:i 
on  the  same  route,  carrying  with  them  one  huiidit.d 
and  twelve  of  the  inhabitants  of  Decrfield.  as  prisoners 
of  war.  They  were  twentyfive  days  on  their  march 
from  Deerfield  to  Chambly ;  and  like  their  masters, 
the  savages,  depended  on  hunting  for  their  support, 
On  tiieir  arrival  in  Canada,  they  found  much  hu- 


AFrKNDlX 


323 


manity  and  kiinliifss  I'loin  tlic  I'lciu  »,  niid  from  M. 
Vaudrirul  their  (Jovornoiir ;  but  compliiiiKMl  much 
of  th(!  iiitolcninci;,  hi^jjolry,  tiMil  dupiirily  of  tho 
priests."* 

Anion;!;  tho  cnptivcs  was  llio  minister  ol"  the  town. 
Jlcv.  Jolui  Williams.  A«  \hr.  In<liiins  (iitrird  his 
room,  h(!  took  down  his  pistol,  tind  presented  it  to 
the  breast  of  the  foremost,  hut  it  missed  (ir(!.  They 
then  laid  hold  on  him,  and  hound  hiin  nidu'tl  as  he 
was,  and  thus  kept  him  for  the  spiiei- (d'iui  hour.     In 


tl 


ic  mean  tini(!  two  of  th(!  children  were  eiirried  out 


and  killed  ;  also  u  ne;^ro  woman.  His  wife,  w  ho  w:is 
hardl>  recovered  from  childhe«|,  'Viis  witii  \\u',  rest 
marcluMl  for  (.'ann  !a.  The  second  dny,  in  wa(lill^'  a 
river,  Mrs.  Williams  fainted  and  lidl,  hut  with  assist- 
ance was  ke])t  alon^'  a  litlh;  fullier;  when  ;i!  tin: 
foot  oi'a  hill  she  l)e;j;an  to  falte.r,  her  saviiir*;  master, 
with  one  blow  of  his  tomahiiwk,  put  ;m  end  to  Ik.t 
miseries. 

The  distance  they  hiid  to  m;irch  Wiis  at  le;ist  l!ire(- 
hundred  miles.  At  diU'erent  times  the  most  of  tlie 
prisoners  wert;  redcjemed  and  relumed  hdine.  Mr. 
Williams  nnd  liftyseven  others  arrivi'd  at  Uoston  from 
Q,uel)(>ek,  in  ITtXi.  One  td'  his  d:ui;.\lilers,  Muniee, 
married  an  Indian,  and  became  a  convert  to  the  llo- 
inan  Catholick  relinion,  which  she  never  wonM  con- 
sent to  forsake.  She  fretinently  visited  her  friends 
in  Newen^land  ;  ■  !)ut  s!ie  niiil'>rndy  persisted  in 
WTarii'j  her  '-ianket  and  c.ounlinu'  her  hinds. "r 

Mr.  Wi'iuams,  alter  his  return, was  invited  to  i)r(>a<ii 
near  Boston;  l)nt  rcdusi^d  every  oiler,  and  returned 
ncain  to  Deerfadd  and  collected  his  scaltrred  flook, 
with  whom  he  <'ontinued  luitil  17 JS;  --dyin;!  i/i 
peace,  bidoved  by  his  jx-ople,  and  liuivnted  by  his 
country."  lie  pid>lished  a  history  of  his  c,  ptivity, 
which,  when    Dr.  Williaiu-^,  his  ^Maiid  son,  \^iole  iiis 


♦  WilHanis'  Hist.  Vrrnionl,  I,  80.|-.H(»7. 
t  Holmrs'  AiiK'ricioi  AnimN.  II,  t).^. 


,|!'l 


>m 


nQ4 


Al'l'I'NUIX. 


history  of  Vermont,  liuil  passed  tl'.rougli  seven  cdi 
tiims.* 

X. UAVAfiKS  or  THE  EASTERN  "INDIANS. 

In  1707,  tlio  frontiers  siiin'rcd  fv\t remedy.  Oyster  ^ 
river,  Ivxeter,  Kingstown,  uii(i  Dover  in  Newhamp- 
shire  ;  IJerwiek,  York,  Wells,  VViiiterliiirl>(»iir,  Ciisco, 
and  even  M!irll»oroU!:jli  in  Massiiclmsetts,  were  con- 
siderably (laina;j;ed.  In  1710,  Col.  Walton  nith  one 
linndrcMi  and  seventy  men  niadt;  an  expedition  to 
JVorridirewoek,  in  the  iK'^innini;  of  winter.  The 
chief  of  that  |)Iaeo  was  tnken  anti  killed, f  and  many 
more.  Tiie  next  year  is  n-ndenil  nieniorahle  by  the 
pront  expedition  against  Canada;  miMnorable  only 
for  its  bavl  siireess,  and  the  monstrous  debt  it  broni;Iit 
upon  the  Colonics.  In  171.3,  a  peace  w.is  coiudiidcd 
with  I'rance,  in  conse<;uenco  of  which  the  eastern 
Indians  desin'd  peace  with  the  colonii-s,  which  was 
nccordiniily  bronyht  about. J  It  was  however  of 
nhort  duration.  In  Anient  1717,  it  was  renewed  at 
Arrousike.^  but  was  broken  within  two  years  after, 

•  Hi-t.  \Vniionl. 

1  l!i><  nanipwas  Arrnliawikwaliriiit,  "an  active  I'oli!  fellow, 
and  owe  of  an  iindaiintrd  s|)irit  ;  for,  ^vlien  lie  >v,is  a>k<!il 
seveiiil  (]n(>i-tinns,  lip  mailo  no  reply  ;  and  when  tliey threat- 
ened him  with  ilcalh,  lie  laiigiietl  at  it  witii  eonteni|it."  Pcii- 
hallou-,  70. 

i  Tlie  deleajates  met  at  Pnrtsinontli,  N.  II.,  11  .Inly,  and  a 
(reatv  was  sij^ned  the  13.  'I'he  aiticles  are  jneseived  entire 
in  I'e'nhallow's  History,  82-83. 

.5  I'eiilinllou',  \invrr  Of,,  ridates  a  story  concerning  tlie  al)iin- 
(lancc  of  Dncks  at  tliis  jdace,  \viiirii,  lliou^li  we  do  not  tlonht 
it,  is  certainly  e(|nally  a>ioni>.|iin<i  to  many  Jish  stories. 
Alien*  lliree  days  after  tlie  renewal  of  the  treaty,  "  i^  nunilier 
of  Indians  went  a  dncU  hnntinp;,  wiiuli  \vas  a  season  of  tho 
yeai  that  the  old  ones  generally  !-h<'d  tlieir  leathers  in,  and 
the  yonng  ones  are  not  ^o  well  tlu.>li''d  as  to  he  able  to  ilv  ; 
they  drove  tiieni  like  a  IIock'  of  sheep  hcl'oro  the  n  into  llie 
ereelis,  where  withont  either  powder  or  shot,  they  killed  at 
one  tinie,  four  thou>and  and  six  hundred."  The  English 
bought  for  ^  penn}  a  dozen. 


ArPENDIX. 


325 


ftnd  ViirioiiM  liostilitics  committed.  Tlio  f;ovoi,.r'"r't, 
ill  17- I,  <ir<l('n.'il  II  party  of  men  to  Xiirr'ulu'cwiiclc, 
tliL'ir  I'liiff  town,  l)Ut  oil  tlicir  iiitproiidi,  tlii;  Imliiuis 
nil  lli'd  info  tilt)  woods.  One  Schasliaii  Jlallc,  or 
lln\U\  d\v(dt  tlu'ic,  us  jv  missioiiiiry  iimoii;j;  them,  and 
was  siippiiscd  to  liavo  fitiriHMl  u[)  tin*  Indians  to  lins- 
tllitics,  as  CastiiiL' I'lirnicrly  liad.  Nothin;j;  \vu-  iTiilI- 
fd  by  till' <'Xpi'<liiioM,  t'vwpt  tlio  lirinj^in;^  away  of 
point'  tif  Itallt/.s  pap(.'rs,  liy  wliicli  it  was  disfovcrt'tl, 
that  lie  was  insli-aloi  in  tho  war.  This  was  ihon-ht; 
hy  tin,'  Indians  to  ho  Kiich  iiii  insult  on  tho  di\intj 
agi'iu-v,  that  th"y  now  matli  war  thi-ir  biisiiu'ss.  In 
dime,  17--,  Ji  lar;.^'i3  hotly  stniclc  a  tlcaiUy  hlow  on. 
Mi'rrynitM.'iiii;^' l)ay,  a  villaL;'o  on  an  arm  of  ila-  Win- 
iiipissaulcce,'^  wliero  they  ttjtdv  ninu  faiu dies. f  Short- 
ly after,  at  I'assaiiiniacinailtlj  .  they  t'  dcu  vess-d  witli 
passeie^'ers,  aiitl  hurned  lirunswicU. 

War  was  now  declared  on  the  ])art  of  th-  "'.iaj.lish, 
anil  in  Fehmarv,  Ctd.  \Vestbrt)olv  wirli  one  huiulred 
and  thirty  men,  ran;vd  the  coa>  t  '.,'■  small  vessel.-: 
as  far  as  Moimttleserr.  '■  On  his  i  lui:;  he  sailed  n[) 
the  I'eiiobseot,  and  about  thirtytwu  miles  above  the 
aiiehoriiiL;  jjlaee,  for  the  transports,  tli.^eoveretl  the 
Indian  Casile.  It  was  seventy  feel  loii;j;  and  hl'iy 
broad.  Within  were  twentvlhrec  well  linished  wij;'- 
warns.  A\'iihout  was  a  handsome  ehiirch,  sixiv  feet 
Ioul;'  and  fhirly  brtiad.  Tliere  was  also  u  commo- 
dious hoU>e  for  iheir  priest.  But  these  were  all  de- 
Btroyetl,  and  nothing  mure  was  aecomplished  by  the 
expeililion,  than  the  barbarous  business  of  burning 
this  inilian  villaiic 


1 14 


'I  % 


*  'I'licro  iiic'uiaiiy  ways  asi'l  "■•  wiitiiisr  (lii>!  word,  Itduiilass,  u\\ 
t,li(»  saiiu'  pant!  lias»iL  luu  >  ;\  j  uinl  lew  farly  auilii)i'.>  uiiti'it, 
alike,  liiit  ;ill,  or  marly  all,  mmiu  lo  aim  at  llii-  sdiiinl  w  liich  I  liavo 
fudcaviiuit'il  III  i>ivi'  It.  AikI,  as  ilic  inlialiilanl^,  wliiiilufil  iiriiii.id 
tlii.s  la-kt'i  prDiMiiiiicii  it.so,  i  >.co  no  reason  wliy  wo  slmuld  not,  wiitM 
it  so;  I'spi  oially,  a.s  it  'i.as  ilie  most  caily  way,  and,  iio  doulil,  so 
calli'd  ii>   ilii.'  nativi's  ilii'instdvi's. 

t  Mo.^t  of  llic.io  Wfiu  afierwaid  set  at  libcrtv.     Pc'idiallow. 'jS. 


IS 


326 


APPENDIX. 


Aftonvards  Captain  jNIoulton  went  up  with  a  party 
of  men  to  Nonidgewock,  but  ilie  village  was  de- 
serted, lie  wiis  a  brave  and  prudent  man,  and,  pro- 
bably, iuiagining  that  moderation  and  humanity 
mi<;Iit  excite  the  fndians  to  a  more  favourable  con- 
duct towards  the  English,  he  left  their  houseri  and 
Church  standing." 

In  April,  1123,  eight  persons  wne  killed  or  taken 
at  i^carborough  and  Falmotith.  ••  Among  the  dead 
was  a  ber<Teant  Chubb,  whom  the  Indians  imagining 
to  be  Caplum  Ilarman,  against  whom  they  had  con- 
ceived the  utmost  malignity,  fifteen  aiming  at  him 
at  the  Enmc  instant,  lodged  eleven  bidlets  in  his 
body. 

Besides  other  misciiiefs,  the  enemy,  the  summer 
following,  surprised  Casco,  with  otiujr  Ii;n!)ours  in 
its  vicinity,  and  captured  sixteen  orseventecMi  sail  of 
fishing  vessels.  The  vessels  belonged  to  Massachu- 
setts ;  but  Governour  Philips  of  Novtisc-otia,  happen- 
ing to  be  at  Casco,  ordered  two  sloops  to  bo  imme- 
diately manned  and  dispatched  in  ])ursuit  of  the  ene- 
my. The  sloo[)s  wore  commanded  by  John  Eliot  of 
Boston,  and  John  Robinson  of  cape  Anne.  As  Eliot 
was  ranging  the  coast  he  discovered  seven  vessels  in 
AViuepang  harbour.  He  concealed  his  men,  except 
four  or  five,  and  made  directly  for  the  harbour. 
Coming  nearly  up  to  one  of  the  vessels,  on  board  of 
which  was  about  sixty  Indians,  in  high  ex|>ectation 
of  another  prize,  they  hoisted  their  j  endants  and 
cried  out.  '  Strike  English  dogs  and  come  aboard  for 
you  are  a'l  prisoners.'  Eliot  answured  tliat  he  vvou'd 
make  all  the  haste  he  could.  As  he  made  no  attempts 
to  escape,  the  enemy  soon  suspected  mischi(,'f,  cut 
their  cable  and  attem])to(rto  gain  the  shore;  i>ut  im- 
mediately boarding  t!iem  he  preveiTted  their  escape. 
For  about  half  an  hour  tiiey  made  brave  resistance, 
but  Eliot's  hand  grenadoes  made  sucJi  a  havock 
among  them,  that  at  length,  those  who  had  not  been 
lulled,  took  to  the  water    wiiere   they   were  a  fair 


APPENDIX. 


337 


mark  lor  tlio  Kiiglisli  nusketecrs.  Five  only  reached 
tin;  slioni.  Kliot  received  three  bad  wounds,  had  one 
nmii  kilhid  luid  several  v\,)unded.  lie  recovered 
seven  vessels,  several  hundred  quintals  of  fish,  and 
fifuien  captives.  Many  of  the  captives  had  been 
pent  uway,  and  nine  had  been  murdered  in  cold  blood. 
Robinson  retook  two  vessels  and  killed  several  of 
the  eneuiy. 

Tile  loss  of  sifch  a  number  of  men  determined  the 
enemy  to  seek  revenge  on  the  poor  fishermen, 
'i'wenty  »!i'lhes(!  yet  remained  in  their  hands,  at  the 
harbour  of  Malagas!',  [j^h..-re  tlie  remainder  of  the 
vessels  lay  whicii  thej'  Ii7?fi  taken  from  the  English, 
and  were  inaccessible  to  Captain  Kliot.]  These 
were  alldestim^d  to  be  sacrificed  to  llic  manes  of  the 
slaughteriid  Indians.  At  the  very  time,  that  the  pow- 
uwing  and  other  ceremonies,  attending  such  liorri- 
ble  purposes,  Wire  just  commencing,  Captain  Blin, 
wiio  sometinje  before  had  been  a  prisoner  among 
them,  arrived  olV  the  harbour  ;  and  made  the  signal, 
or  sent  in  a  token,  w  hieh  it  had  been  agreed  between 
thenj,  should  be  the  sign  of  protection.  Three  In- 
dians cauu!  id)oard,  and  an  agreement  was  made  for 
the  ransom  both  of  the  ships  and  captives.  These 
were  delivered  and  the  ransom  paid.  Captain  Blin 
in  his  way  to  Boston,  captivated  a  number  of  them, 
near  cape  Sable  ;  and  Captain  Southack  a  number 
more,  w  jiich  they  brought  on  with  them  to  Boston." 

In  September  they  made  a  descent  on  the  island 
of  Arrowsike,  where  they  burned  ihe  houses,  killed 
the  cattle,  and  t'len  retired  to  their  head  quarters  at 
Norridgovvock.  There  was  a  garrison  on  the  island 
of  about  forty  men,  but  their  number  was  so  small 
compared  with  that  of  the' enemy,  that  no  sally  was 
inado. 

The  beiiinning  of  the  ne.\t  year,  1724,  was  alto- 

gctiier  unTavonrable  to  the  English.     Pco.ple  were 

killed  at  Cape  Porpoise,  Black  Point,  and  Berwick; 

ulso  at  I.amprey,  and  Oyster  rivers,  and  Kingston, 

n  Newhampshire. 


328 


APPENDIX. 


"Captain  Josiah  Winslow,  who  had  been  station- 
ed at  the  fort  on  St.  George's  river,  with  part  of  liis 
company,  liad  been  surprised  and  cut  olV.     He  went 
out  from  the  tort  with  two  whaleboats,  fourteen  white 
men,  and  three  Indians.     It  seems  the  enemy  watcli- 
ed  their  motions,  and  on  their  return,  suddenly  sur- 
rounded them,  with  thirty  canoes,  wliose  coinplini(;nt 
was  not  less  than  a  hundred   Indians.     The  English 
attempted  to  land,  but  were  intercepted,  and  nothing 
remained  but  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible. 
They  made  a  brave  defence,  but  every  Eiiglislunan 
was  killed.     Tlie   three  Indians  escaped  to  report 
their  hapless  fall.     Flushed  with  these  successes,  the 
enemy  attempted  still  greater  feats  on  tiie  water. 
They  took  two  shallops  at  the  isles  of  shoais.     They 
then  made  seizures  of  otiier  vessels  in  dilferent  har- 
bours.    Among  others  they  took  a  large  schooner 
carrying  two  swivel  guns.     This  they  manned  and 
cruised  along  the   coast.     It  was  imagined  that  a 
small  force  would  be   able  to  conquer  these  raw  sai- 
lors.    A  shallop  of  sixteen,  and  a  schooner  of  twenty 
men,  under  Captains  Jackson  and  Lakeman,  were 
armed  and  sent  in  piysuit  of  the  enemy.     They  soon 
came  up  with  them,  but  raw  as  they  were,  they  obli- 
ged the  English  vessels  to  sheer  olf,  and  leave  them 
to  pursue  their  own  course,  nho  took  eleven  vessels 
aiid  fortyfive  men.     Tvveniu*':?  they  killed,  and  the 
others  they  carried  into  captivity." 

While  these  allairs  were  passing  at  sea,  the  inland 
country  suftered  also.  "  Mischief  was  done  at  Gro- 
ton,  Rutland,  Northampton,  and  Dover.  In  all  these 
places  more  or  less  were  killed,  some  wounded,  and 
others  carried  into  captivity." 

The  scene  is  now  to  change.  The  English  are 
resolved  to  visit  the  Indians  at  their  head  (juarters, 
at  Norridgewock.  Accordingly,  Captains  Moulton, 
Ilarman,  and  Bourne,  with  two  hundred  and  eighty 
men,  arrived  at  Taconnock,  up  the  Kennebeck  river, 
tlie  twentieth  of  August.     Here  they  left  their  boata 


APPENDIX.* 


320 


and  forty  men  to  guard  them,  and  proceeded  thf 
next  day  for  Norridgewock.  "In  the  eveninsj;  tlicy 
discovered  two  women,  the  wife  and  daughicr  ot 
I^omazeen,  the  famous  warriour  and  chietUiiii  <>! 
iNorridgcw'ock.  They  fired  uj)oii  tliom  and  kill',;.!  lu:, 
daughter,  and  then  captivated  his  wife.  By  uli-  they 
obtained  a  good  account  of  tlie  state  of  tlie  viUagv;. 
On  the  twentytldrd  tliey  came  near  it,  and  as  thiv 
imagined  that  part  of  the  Indians  would  be  in  tlu;ir 
corn  fiehls,  at  some  distance,  it  was  thought  cxp(;di- 
ent  to  make  a  division  of  the  army."  Captain  Ilur- 
man  marched  with  ciglity  men  into  the  lieid.<i  — 
"Moulton  with  the  remainder  march'ed  directly  lor 
the  village.  About  three  o'clock  it  opened  suddiMi- 
ly  upon  them.  The  Indians  were  all  in  their  wi;_'- 
wams  entirely  secure.  Moulton  marched  his  men  in 
the  profoundest  silence,  and  ordered  that  not  one  of 
tliem  should  lire  at  random,  throuuh  the  wiixwam.-', 
nor  till  they  should  receive  the  enemy's  fire  ;  as  he 
expected  they  would  come  out  in  a  panic  and  over- 
shoot them.  At  length  an  Indian  stepping  out,  dis- 
covered the  English  close  upon  them.  lie  instantly 
gave  the  war  lutop,  and  sixty  warriours  rushed  out  to 
meet  tliem.  The  Indians  iired  hastily  without  iii- 
jiu'ing  a  man.  The  English  returned  the  fire  wit!i 
great  effect,  and  the  Indians  instantly  lied  to  the  riv- 
er. Some  jumped  into  their  canoes,  otiiers  into  the 
river,  which  the  tallest  of  them  were  able  to  ford. 
Moulton  closely  pursuing  them,  drove  them  from 
their  canoes,  and  killed  them  in  the  river,  so  that  it 
was  judged,  that  not  more  than  fifty  of  the  whole  vil- 
lage reached  the  opposite  shore.  Some  of  thes" 
were  shot  before  they  reached  the  woods. 

The  English  then  returning  to  the  village,  found 
father  Italic,  the  Jesuit,  firing  from  one  of  tlie  wig- 
wams on  a  small  number  of  men  who  had  not  bt  n 
in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  Oiu!  of  these  he  woun  - 
ed ;  in  conseciuence  of  whicli,  one  Liouten'wt  J 


330 


tVPPENDIX. 


({lies  burst  the  door  and  shot  him  tlirongh  the  iicud. 
Captain  Moulton  had  given  orders  not  to  kil  him. 
Ja(ines  excused  himself,  afhrniing  that  llaUa  was 
h>ading  his  piece,  and  refused  to  give  or  take  quar- 
ter. 'With  the  Enghsh  there  were  tliree  iv^ohawks. 
Mogg,*  a  famous  Indian  warriour  firing  from  a  wig 
warn  killed  one  of  them.  His  brother  in  u  rage  Hew 
to  the  wigwam,  burst  the  door,  and  instantly  killed 
Mogg.  The  English  followed  in  u  ragi.;  and  killed 
his  Kcjuaw  and  two  helpless  children."  After  the  ac 
tion  Ilarnian  arrived  and  they  all  lodycd  in  the  vil- 
lage. "  In  the  morning  they  found  t.vciitysix  deaii 
bod'ies,  besides'that  of  the  Jesuit.  Aimuig  tiie  dead 
were  Boinazcen.IMogg,  Wissememet,  and  Ijoinazcen's 
son  in  law,  all  famous  warriours."f 

The  inhumanity  of  the  English  to  the  women  and 
children  cannot  be  excused.  It  greatly  eclipses  the 
lustre  of  the  victory.  J 

The  Norridgev,ocks  were  now  broken  down,  and 
they  never  matle  any  figure  fxUerwards.'^ 


XI. 


-LOVI-',WF.LI/S     FIGHT. 


Perhai's  the  celebrated  story  of  "  Lovkwell's 
FiniiT,"  cannot  be  given,  to  interest  tlie  present  age, 
better  than  in  the  language  of  the  old  song,  composed 
just  after  it  happened.  It  is  a  simple  and  true  nar- 
rative of  the  aHair. 

1  Of  worlLy  Captain  I,ovewell,||  I  purposn  now  to  sinj, 
How  valiantly  be  '^e -ved  his  country  and  liis  Kiii^ ; 

•In  Philin's  War  there  was  a  chief  by '.his  name.  Mr. 
Hubbard  called  him  "  \:  ug  the  rogue." 

t  "  The  numbf^rin  all  that  were  killed  [of  the  enemy]  was 
suppoj^ed  to  be  eighty."     Penballou-,  103. 

{■  "  Ft  may,"  says  Penballow,  ib.  "  be  as  noble  an  exploit. 
(all  things  considereil)  a.s  ever  hai)pend  in  the  lime  of  King 
Philii)." 

§  The  above  article  is  taken  from  Dr.  Trumbull's  Hist.  U. 
S.  Chap.  IX. 

II  Captain  .Tohn  Lovewell  lived  in  Dunstable,  New 


APPENDIX.  * 


331 


He  and  his  valiant  soldiers,  did  ran2;e  tlie  woods  full  Avide, 
And  hardships  they  endured  to  qaellthe  Indians'  pride. 

2  'Twas  nigh  unlo  Pigwacket,*  on  the  eighth  day  of  May,t 
They  spied  a  rebel  Indian  soon  after  break  of  day; 
He  on  a  bank  was  walking,  upon  a  neck  of  land, 
Which  leads  into  a  pond|  as  we're  made  to  understand.  , 

S  Our  men  resolv'd  toha^e  him  and  tiavell'd  two  miles  round, 
Until  they  met  the  Indian,  who  boldlv  Mood  his  ground  ; 
Then  spake  up  Captain  Lovcwell,  "Take  you  good  heed," 

says  he, 
"  This  rogue  is  to  decoy  us,  I  very  plainly  see.§ 

4  "  The  Indians  lie  in  ambush,  in  some  pla^ie  nigh' at  hand, 
"  In  order  to  surround  us  ujjon  this  neci:  of  land  ; 
"  Therefore  we'll  march  in  order,  and  each  man  leave  his 

pack,  II 
"  That  we  may  briskly  fight  Ihem  when  they  make  their 
attack.'"' 


5  They  came  unto  this  Indian,  who  did  (liem  thus  dely, 
As  soon  as  tliey  caine  nigh  him,  two  guns  lie  uiil  let  ily,Tr 

sliire,  then  Massachusetts.  "  He  was  a  son  of  Zacheus  Lovc- 
well, an  Ensign  in  the  army  of  Oliver  CroTnwcll,  wlio  cainc 
to  this  country  and  settled  at  Dunstable,  where  ho  died  at 
the  age  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  years,  the  oldest  white 
man  who  ever  died  in  the  state  of  Newhampshire."  Far- 
mer and  Moore's  Col.  HI,  64. 

*  Situated  on  the  upper  part  of  tli^  river  Saco,  then  50 
miles  from  any  white  settlement.  lb.  I,  '27.  It  is  in  the 
))resent  town  of  B^-yeburg,  Maine. 

t  They  set  out  from  Dunstable  about  the  IG  April,  1725. 
Symmcs'  narrative,  in  Farmer  and  Moore's  Col.  I,  27. 

i  Called  Saco  pond.  Some  call  this  Lovewell's  pond,  but 
Lovewell's  pond  is  in  Wakefield,  where  he  some  time  before, 
captured  a  company  of  Indians,  who  wei-e  on  their  way  to 
attack  some  of  the  frontier  towns. 

§  This  Indian  was  out  a  huntine:.  and  probably  had  no 
kn,)wled2;e  of  the  English,  having  [^■■■-  ducks  in  his  hand,  and 
r»;    guns  loaded  with  beaver  shot.     ;  ■ ,  inmes  and  Belknaf). 

II  The  Indians  finding  their  packs,  learned  their  number, 
and  placed  themselves  to  surround  them,  when  they  return- 
eil. 

IF  It  apner>rs  from  Mi'.  Symmes,  that  the  Eugllsii  saw  the 
Jp'Uan  cui-iiig,  and  srcielorl  themsolve;,  tiring  at  him  first. 


i^ri 


332 


APPENDIX. 


Which  wounded  Captain  Lovewell,  and  likewise  one  man 

more,*  [^nTc.^ 

But  when  this  rogue  was  running,  they  laid  him  in  hi« 

5  Tl»in>  having sraln'd  the  Indian,  they  went 'iijcktothusno- , 
Where  they  had  laid  their  packs  dr,«ji.  It  there  tncv 

foun(J  thfcm  not. 
For  tlifi  Indians  having  spy';!  them,  ^vhrn  the.'  'iieiv   !owi\ 

did  lay, 
Did  S'  ize  them  for  ih.c\t  plunik-r,  and  ,:  i-ry  them  away. 

7  These  rcb'  is  lay  in  fsi  'fush,  this  very  place  hard  l.y, 
So  that  an  fingiish  soliiier  did  one  of  them  "spy. 

And  cried  out  "  Here's  en  IisHan,"  with  that  thry  tiar  id 

out. 
As  fiercely  a^  old  lions,  and  Ivdeoivdy  did  shout 

8  With  (ha'  mir  valiant  Knglish,  a^.l  i^ave  a  ';  :;id  liu^rzii, 
'j'o  shew  the  lebel  Indians  they  fear'd  them  act  a  straw: 
So  no\^  t!je  fight  began,  and  as  fiercely  as  could  be. 

The  iiidians  ran  up  to  them,  but  soon  were  ibrcM  to  flce.l 

9  T!,en  spake  up  Captain  Lovewell,  when  first  the  fight  hr- 

"  Fight  on  my  valiant  heroes!  you  ;;ee  they  fall  like  ram." 

For  as  we  are  inform'd,  tlie  Indian-  were  so  thick, 

A  man  could  scarcely  fire  a  gun  and  not  some  of  tlicm  hit. 

10  Then  did  the  rebels  try  their  best  our  soldiers  to  surround, 
But  Ihcy  '■oukl  not^ccomiilish  it,  Lecau-e  there  was'apond, 
To  which  our  men  retreated  and  covered  all  the  rear,§ 
The  rogues  were  forc'd  to  flee  them,  altho'  they  skulk'd 

for  fea:-.  "^^ 

He  then,  having  two  guns,  discharged  both,  and  woundcii 
<be  Ctptain  .Tortally. 

*  Samuel  Whiting. 

t  Ensign  '>S''yinaii  shot  him,  and  Mr,  Frye,  the  chaplain, 
anil  anotlier,  scalped  him.     Symmes. 

t  Both  parties  advanced  with  their  guns  presented,  and 
v^hen  thf.v  cam;'  witliin  "  a  few  yards,"  they  fired  on  both 
sides.  "  The  Iiidians  fell  in  considerable  numbers,  but  the 
Kiiglish,  most,  if  not  all  of  them,  escaped  the  first  shot."  ib, 
Tlien  advancing  withip.  twice  the  length  of  their  r'juns,  slew 
nine.     Penhal'ow. 

fi  Twelve  were  killed  and  wonnded  before  they  rerreareii 
to  the  pond.     There  was  a  small  bank,  which  served  thoin 


f. 


Jli'TlPiKtCf','  r.>m 


i 


APPENDIX. 


383 


1 1  Two  lop**  lliere  wore  behind  them,  (liat  close  together  lay 
Without  being  discovered,  they  could  not  get  away  ; 
Therefore  our  valiant  English,' they  travell'd  in  a  row, 
And  at  a  handsome  distance  as  they  were  wont  to  go, 

l2'Twas  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  first  the  fight  begun, 
And  fiercely  did  continue  until  the  setting  sun  , 
Excepting  that  the  Indians,  some  hours  before  'twas  night, 
Drew  otl'into  the  bushes  and  ceased  awiiile  to  fight.* 

13  But  soon  again  returned,  in  fierce  and  furious  mood, 
Sliouting  as  in  tlie  morning,  but  yet  not  half  so  loud  ; 
For  as  we  are  informed,  so  thick  and  fast  they  fell, 
Scarce  twenty  of  their  number,  at  night  did  get  home  well.t 

14  And  that  our  valiant  English,  till  midnight  there  did  stay. 
To  see  wliether  tlie  rebels  would  have  another  fray  ; 

But  they  no  more  returning,  they  made  oti'  towards  their 

home,  [come.t 

And  brought  away  their  wounded  as  far  as  they  could 

15  Of  all  our  valiant  English,  there  were  but  thirtyfour. 
And  of  the  rebel  Indians,  there  were  about  fourscore. 
And  sixteen  of  our  English  did  safely  home  return. 

The  rcht  were  killed  and  wounded,  for  which  we  all  must 
mourn. § 

as  a  breastwork,  and,  perhaps,  saved  them  from  an  immediate 
defeat.  This  is  the  more  probable,  as  but  few  were  killed 
afterward,     lb. 

*  They  probably  drew  off  to  take  care  of  the  wounded. 
Symmes  nor  Penhallow  makes  no  mention  that  they  return- 
ed again  to  the  fight,  after  they  drew  btf. 

t  Forty  were  said  to  be  killed  upon  the  spot,  and  eighteen 
more  died  of  their  wounds.     Penhallow. 

I  Solomon  Kej'es,  after  receiving  three  wounds,  crawled 
along  tiie  shore  of  tlie  pond,  where  lie  chanced  to  find  an  old 
canoe,  into  which  he  rolled  himself,  and  tlie  wind  wafted 
him  on  several  r.iilcs  toward  the  fort,  which  he  reached  in 
safely.  He  felt  his  end^approaching,  when  he  was  in  the 
boat,  into  which  he  had  crawled,  only  to  die  in  peace,  and  to 
escajje  tlie  scalping  knife,  but  wonderfully  revived.  Symmes. 

§  Eight  were  left  in  the  woods,  whose  wounds  were  so  bad 
that  they  could  not  travel,  of  wliom  two  only  returned.  One 
ran  away  in  the  beginning  of  tlie  fight. 


834 


APt^ENDIX. 


16  Our  worthy  Ca^jitatn  LovcwpII  amonR  tlietn  (horc  did  die 
Tliey  killoil  Lt.  Ilohiiis,*  an<i  wonndpil  i!;ood  young  Fryc, 
Who  was  our  En-^lish  chaplain  ;  lie  many  Ir.iiians  slew, 
And  some-of  them  he  scalp'd  when  bullets  round  him  Hew 

17  Younp;  Fullam|  too  I'll  mention,  hecausn  ho  fought  so  well, 
Endeavouring  to  save  a  man,  a  sacriliee  he  Cell  , 

But  yet  our  valiant  Engli^^^lmen  in  tight  were  ne'er  dis- 

may'd,  [niadt; 

But  still  they  kept  their  motion,  and  \Vyman>?  fL'aptain 

13  AVho  shot  the  old  chief  Paiigus,||  which  did  the  foe  d.  I'  i\t, 
Then  set  his  men  in  order,  and  brought  olfthe  retrf  ;ii  ; 
And  braving  many  dangeis  and  liardships  in  (lie  \v;i'  , 
They  safe  arriv'd  at  D'jnstable,  the    thirteentii  liiv  of 
Mav.^ 


In  the  beifiiininii;  of  the  xvar,  one  hundred  j)oiinds 
«'cre  oflered  by  the  goveniincnt  for  every  IihUuii 
ecrJp.     Captain  Lovewell  and  his  company  in  .-ibont 

*  He  belonged  to  Chelmosford.  Being  mortally  wounded, 
desired  to  have  two  guns  charged,  and  left  with  him,  wliicii 
tliey  did.  He  said,  '*  As  the  Indians  will  come  in  the  morn- 
ing to  scalp  me,  I  will  kill  one  more  of  them  if  I  can."     lb. 

t  He  fell  about  the  middle  of  the  afternoon.  He  was  the 
only  son  of  Capt.  James  Frye  of  Andover,  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1723,  and  was  chaplain  of  the  company.     lb. 

I  Only  son  r f  Major  Fullam  of  A\  eston,  was  sergeant  of 
the  comj)any,  and  fell  in  the  beginning  of  the  light,     lb. 

§  Ensign  Selh  Wyinan  of  Woburn.  He  was  presented 
vyitli  a  silver  hiked  sword  for  his  good  conduct,  and  commis- 
sioned Captain.     He  died  soon  after. 

I)  Many  of  Lovewcll's  men  knew  Paugus  personally.  A 
huge  bear's  skin  formed  a  part  of  hi ;  (Iress.  Froul  Mr. 
.Symmes' account,  it  appears  that  Johi:  Chamberlain  killed 
him.  They  had  sjmken  together  sotne  time  in  the  fight, 
and  afterward  both  happened  to  go  to  the  pond  to  wa'^h  out 
their  guns,  which  were  rendered  useless  by  so  fre(]ueiit 
firing.  Here  the  challange  was  gtven  by  Paugus,'"  It  is  you 
or  I."  As  soon  as  the  guns  were  prepared  they  fired,  and 
Paugus  fell. 

1!  Wyman  and  three  others  did  not  arrive  until  the  15th, 
but  the  main  body,  consisting  of  twelve,  arrived  the  ISth. 


APPKNDIX. 


335 


three  montlis  iiiiidcj  twrlvo  liundrcd  pounds.  This 
stimulated  thcin  to  iittiK^k  tluj  villiiji^o  of  Pigworikut, 
where,  if  suceessfid,  they  considered  their  fortun(;s 
sure.  It  was  a  heavy  4o»is  to  tlio  country,  but  tliis 
nearly  finished  the  war.  The  Indians  formed  no 
considerable  body  in  tlicse  parts  afterward.  Along 
and  happy  peace  followed. 

'Xho  above  soni^  is  taken  from  the  valuable  Histori- 
cal Collections  of  Farmer  and  Moore. 


I  cannot  refuse  the  beautiful  lines  of  Mr.  Thomas 
C.  Upli.  m,  "a  N.  Hampshire  poet,"  a  place  in  this 
work.  They  were  occasioncul  by  a  visit  to  the  place 
of  Lovewell's  Fiijht.* 


Ah!  whore  are  thn  soldiers  <lint  fnuplit  licrc  of  yore? 
The  sod  is  ii|)on  Ihoin,  llicy'll  stniu;(;le  no  more. 
The  hatchet  is  rallcii,  (ho  red  niiiti  is  low  ; 
liut  near  hiin  reposes  the  arm  oCliis  foe. 

The  bupjle  is  silent,  the  warlioop  Is  dead  : 
There's  a  niurnmr  of  waters  uinl  woods  in  (heir  stead 
And  the  raven  and  owl  ehan(  a  s\  .nphony  d.ear, 
From  the  dark  waving  pines  o'er  the  combatant's  bier. 

The  lifflit  of  the  sun  has  just  sunk  in  (he  vHve, 
And  along  tir      i^o  sal  the  sun  of  the  bra\  ^. 
The  wateis  c(miplaii\,  a^  (liey  roll  o'er  the  sto.""?, 
And  the  rank  grass  eneircles  a  few  scattcr'd  bo.t.'?'^. 

The  names  of  (he  fallen  the  (r;>veller  leaves 

Cut  out  \vi(h  his  knife  in  (he  hark  of  (he  trees, 

But  little  mail  his  airee(iona(e  arts, 

For  the  n.viies  of  the  fallen  arc  graved  in  our  hearts. 


The  voice  of  (lie  hun(er  is  loud  on  the  breeze, 
There's  a  dashiiip;  of  waters,  a  rust liun;,of  trees  ; 
But  the  jangliuj;  u'.  iniiour  liatli  all  pass'd  away, 
No  gushing  of  lifehlood  is  here  seen  to  day. 

'I'he  eye  that  wasi-parkling,  no  lonper  i>  '.?  if'it. 
The  arm  of  the  mighty,  deatii  contpieivd  .1  >  'iiight, 


*  'p 


I'aken  from  rarnier  and  Moore's  Col.  1.35 


33C 


APFE^^DIX. 


Tito  l)osoms  lliat  once  for  tlit'ir  country  heat  high, 
To  lliosc  bosouiHtlie  soils  ol' the  valley  arc  nigh. 

■.    ;)     'Hers  of  merit,  sleep,  gallants  of  yore, 
Til'-  h,  .'Jiet  is  fallen,  the  struggle  is  o'er. 
\Vliile  ihe  fir  tree  is  green  and  the  wind  rolls  a  wave, 
The  tear  drop  shall  brighten  the  turf  of  the  brav. 

XII. ANECDOTES,     NAIIKATIVES,    &C.,    OF    THE     IN- 
DIANS. 

1.  Anion;!  tlio  liist  suttlcis.  of  Biiinswick,  M^inn, 
wiis  Daniel  iMalc(j]in,  u  man  of  undanntcd  courage, 
and  an  iiiveterato  enemy  of  the  Indians,  wlio  gave 
li,im  tlie  name  of  SungurnumUy,  tliat  is,  a  very  strong 
iH;ni.  Early  in  the  spring,  he  ventured  alone  into 
the  forest  ibr  the  innpose  of  splitting  rails  from  the 
spruce,  not  apprehensive  of  Indians  so  early  in  the 
season.  Wiiile  engaged  in  his  work,  and  having 
opened  a  log  with  small  wedges  about  half  its  length 
he  was  surprised  by  Indians,  who  crept  up  and  sc- 
curetl  his  musket,  standing  by  his  side.  "Sungur- 
numby,"  said  tl.e  chief,  "  now  me  got  you  ;  long  me 
want  you  ;  you  long  speak  Indian,  lontr  lime  worry 
him;  me  have  got  you  now;  look  up  stream  to  Ca- 
nada."— "Well,"  said  Malcolm,  with  true  sangfroid, 
''  yon  have  me ;  but  just  ludp  me  open  this  log  be- 
foi-c  I  go."  They  all  (five  in  number)  agreed.  iMul- 
colm  i)repared  a  large  wooden  wedge,  carefully 
(lro\e  it,  took  out  his  small  wedges,  and  told  the  In- 
dians t  J  put  in  their  fingers  to  the  partially  clefted 
wood,  and  help  pnll  it  open.  They  did  ;  he  tiien  sud- 
denly s'ruck  out  iiis  blunt  wedge,  and  the  elr.stick 
wood  instantly  closed  fast  on  their  fingers,  and  he 
secured  thom.^ 

2.  Origin  of  the  name  of  a  bridge  in  Salisbury 
JV.  If.,  known  h'j  the  luimc  of  "  Imman  BiunrjE."— 
In  t!ie  fall  of  the  vcar  n.K),  two  Indians,  named  Sa- 


APPENDIX. 


xn 


bntis  nnd  Plaiisawa,  ci\mo  int«»  CiintcrlMiry  witli  I'urs. 
Tlicy  hero  iiit't  two  incii  iVoin  i\»!\vl)ury,  whom  ihcy 
knew,  but  were  not  pleased  ut  seeing  them,  nml  ht>. 
jliin  to  iiiiikt;  oil'.  Siil)inis  scciikuI  disposed  to  do 
inischiid'.  but  was  provtjntud  l)y  I'huisuwii.  The  two 
Mriiihshmon  oflbrcd  to  huy  th(!ir  I'urs.  They  nd'used, 
iiiul  said  thoy  would  not  sell  I'urs  to  tho  Miiirlish,  but 
would  go  to  Canada;  but  al'tiTVvard  they  oH'cred  to 
trado  for  ruin.  Tiicy  had  rum,  but  would  not  scdi 
it  to  tJR'in,  thinking  that  they  w(!r(!  ill  disposed.  As 
they  W(jro  about  to  leavo  tlu!  Indians,  one  of  tliern, 
Plaiisawa,  appeared  friendly,  iind  advised  thoin  to 
avoid  meeting  with  liulians.  VVIkmi  they  had  gone 
a  little  distance  from  the  Indiaus,  Sabatis  called 
thei'i,  and  said,  "No  more  you  Kuglish  conio  here; 
nie  heart  bad;  me  kill  you."  Out;  of  the  English 
replied,  "No  kill — I'lnglish  and  Indians  now  all 
brothers."  As  they  left  the  Indiaus,  they  met  one 
Peter  Bowen  going  toward  them.  They  told  him  of 
the  temper  the  Indiiuis  had  showed,  (uid  tried  to  dis- 
suade him.  lie  replied,  that  he  was  not  afraid  of 
them;  that  he  was  ac(iuainte(l  with  Indians  and  knew 
liow  to  (leal  with  them.  The  Indiaus  had  got  into 
their  canoe,  and  were  going  up  the  rivi'r,  when  Bow- 
en  called  to  them,  and  invited  thorn  to  go  to  his 
house,  and  stay  all  night;  and  that  lu!  would  give 
them  some  rum.  They  went  with  him  to  his  house, 
which  was  in  Contoocook.  TIk!  night  was  spent  in 
a  drunken  frolick,  in  which  llowon  diil  not  fail  to 
act  his  part;  being  much  a(!customed  to  their  modes 
')f  life.  In  the  midst  of  the  I'rolic.k,  Howen  took  the 
caution  to  unload  their  guns.  'J'he  niJXt  inorning  he 
took  his  horse  to  convey  their  packs  to  tluiir  boats. 
As  they  were  going,  Sabatis  |)rop  iscd  to  liowen  t(t 
run  with  iiis  horse.  A  race  Ixiing  agvet  il  upon  and 
pcrfoiined,  in  which  Sabatis  beat  H  u\en  on  horse- 
l)ack,  at  which  he  was  nnich  pleu<<ui,  and  laughed 
hoartily.     After  proceeding  along  a  little   further 

P       2;i 


II 


:»38 


Al'l'KNDlX. 


Subiitis  said  to  liiin,  "  Bowcn  wiilk  woods,"  nicanln<; 
that  Howcn  was  liis  prisoner.  IJowcn  said,  "No 
walk  woods,  all  one  hrotliors."  Another  race;  soon 
followed,  in  which  Sabatis  fell  in  the  rear,  and  Row- 
en  hearing;  a  gun  snap,  looked  round  and  saw  a  lliish 
from  Sahatis'  jirun,  vvhicii  was  pointed  at  liini.  Jle 
turned  back  and  laid  him  dead  with  a  blow  of  hin 
tomahawk  IMausawa  was  turther  behind,  und  as 
15ovven  came  toward  him,  he  leveled  his  p;ini  and  it 
snapped  also ;  he  then  fell  on  his  knees  and  be/^i^ed 
for  his  life,  but  Bowcn  knew  he  should  be  in  danger 
so  long  as  the  friendof  Sabatis  lived,  so  he  despatch- 
ed him  in  like  manner.  lie  then  hid  the  bodic.-.s  un- 
der a  bridge,  which  were  found  tTie  next  s[>ring  and 
buried.  From  this  allair  is  the  name  of  Indian 
Bridge  derived.* 

3.  Orif^in  of  the  peopling  of  KarUuckct  by  the  In- 
dians. It  is  told  that  in  a  remote  period  of  anti(|ui- 
ty,  ail  eaghi  made  a  descent  on  some  part  of  the 
coast  of  what  is  now  JVewengland,  and  carried  olf  a 
young  Indian  in  his  talons.  The  weeping  parents 
made  bitt(;r  lamentations,  and  with  eager  eyes  s;i',v 
their  child  borne  out  of  sight,  over  the  trackl  ss 
deep.  They  resolved  to  follow  in  tiie  same  direc- 
tion. Accordingly  they  set  out  in  tiTcir  cuntX;.-).  .ind 
after  a  perilous  jnissage  descried  tlie  island.  The) 
landed  and  after  nmcli  search  found  the  Liones  oi 
the  child. 

4.  Jin  anecdote  of  the  colony  of  Sagadchock. 
"The  Norrid}i'3WOck  Indians  have  this  tradit'uii 

that  this  company  engaged  a  number  of  Indians,  \\!io 
had  come  to  trade  with  them,  to  draw  a  cannon,  .»y 
a  long  rope;  that  the  moment  they  were  ranged  in 
a  strait  line,  iJie  white  people  disciiarged  the  piece, 
which  killed  and  wounded  a  number.  Their  story  is, 
that  the  indignation  of  the  natives  for  this  bs»rba- 

•  Ibid.  Ill,  27. 


AIM'F.NDIX. 


:5.]9 


rolls  trciiclicry,  rnrnpcllcd  (Iio  coinpaiiy  to  (Miiliaik 
to  siivc!  tlicir  own  liv(!s."'* 

T).  ".7  Ictfcr  flow  Kino  I'im.ii'  to  (inirnumf 
Prince,  copied  from  the,  o?/iri/u/^  ivhicli  brlnmin  tii 
Mr.  fl'liUe,  of  rUiinouth.  The  wonln  arc  s^dt  iu  in 
the  orvjiiiud  letter.'' 

Kino  I'iiimp  (Icsin;  to  let  you  iinderstiiiitl  tliit  hn 
(•<)iil(|  not  (•(iiiio  to  tlu;  court,  i'or  Tom,  liis  iiili.  rj>r(it<  r 
lias  a  pain  in  his  hack,  that  h(!  coiihl  not  travil  so 
far.  and  I'hilip  sisliT  is  very  sick. 

I'hilij)  would   iiitrcat  that   favor,  of  vou,  and  aiu 


)f  tl 


ic  niajcstratcs,  il'  aiicy  I'-iiijIish  or  J'liiiiiaiis  speak 
at)(»iit  ancy  hind,  ho  prcay  you  to  <,'ive  ihcni  no  an- 
su'cr  at  all.  Tliis  last  sumcr  lu;  niado  tlial  pioinis 
\yith  you,  that  he  would  not  s(dl  no  land  in  7  ycarj 
tiino,  for  that  ho  would  have  no  Jjiirlish  troidd:'  I 


nui 


bLdbro  that  tiint;,  he  has  not  for^^ot  that  you  piniuis 
hin:. 

He  will   coiTio  u  suno  as  jjocihh;  he  can   lo  sprak 
witii  you,  and   so  1   rest,  your  vcny   hnein-^    irit;iid, 
Philip,  (Iwellinff  at  mount  In.po  nd; 
To  the  much  honcrcd 

Govcrncr,  Mr.  Thomas  l'ri*nc(.', 
dwcllinii-  at  IMymoutli.T 

G.  SinmtJarity  of  the  Indian  lan^^iuti!;e.  'I'liiis  the 
word  Nununatclickodtiuitamoooiiiiainninonasli  siifii- 
fies   no  more  in    I'lnalish,  than   our  lusts;  and  >'...- 
womantammooonkaniinomiash  noniore  llian()»r /o-  e: 
A  yet  lon<ier  word  (if  so  such  an  assend>lai,'  >  of  .•  ' 
ters  may  he  called)  Kummoixkodonattootluii  '  ' 
teanini'amiuniiona^li  is  lo  express  onlv  our  ({■  >    .' 

7.  .7  proof  of  Kinf!;  I'hiUp's  humaidf^/.  TIh;  .ii.  - 
tcr  of  Col.  I?.  Cole,  of  \*,  arren.  llliod'eisliind.  cam.' 
to  tills  country  and  settleii  at  Tuisset.  s     He  in  tune 


•  Morse  anil  Parisli's  Hist.  N.  Eur.  17. 

t  uMass.  Hist.  Snc.  Col.  11,   4(t.     '5'lif'   ivlilo;-  wrili^  at  Uie 
hotlniii  ai'[]:n  \o{\rr     "  "IMkm'o  is  no  (i.iU;  to  (lie  Ictli-r,  it  waa 
probably  urillon  aiioiU  u;ti(l  oi-  lUTO."' 
'      t  See  IMapnalia,  I,  JO?. 


§  A  neck  of  l;in(!  iii 


i-l  side  ol'.Kc(>l<aiiinit  river. 


Vjjl 


340 


Al'PKNDIX. 


bccnnio  acqaiiitcd  with  Philip,  and  always  lived  in 
hahits  of  iVioii(lshi|)  with  him.  In  June;  1075,  I'liilip 
infoinied  him  that  his  younii;  men  were  very  eager  to 
go  to  war  against  llie  KngUsh  ;  but  when  he  could 
no  longer  restrain  them  lie  would  let  him  know.  Ac- 
cordingly on  an  evening  previous  to  the  fatal  24, ' 
canoes  arrived  from  iMountho])c  with  advise  fiom 
Philip,  that  Mr.  Cole  iuid  family  must  go  over  toll. 
I.,  iis  his  peo|)le  would  begin  the  war.  They  en> 
barked,  and  the  next  morning  their  dwellings  were 
burned.  Col.  B.  Cole,  is  of  the  fourth  generation.* 
S.  .'Jn  Indian  Snare.  To  take  large  animals  they 
sometimes  built  two  extensive  fences,  perhaps  a  mile 
apart  at  ojie  extremity,  and  at  the  other  nearly  meet- 
uig,  forming  an  angle,  generally,  something  less  than 
a  right  one.  At  this  point  or  o])ening  they  contrived 
to  bend  down  a  tree  of  suliicient  strength  to  suspend 
the  largest  animals.  "  An  English  m;ire  iiavingonce 
straved  away,  was  caught,  and  like  Mahomet's  fabled 
coiiin,  raised  between  the  heavens  and  earth,  in  one 
of  these  snares.  The  Indians  arrivmg,  and  seeing 
her  struggling  on  the  tree,  ran  inunediately,  and  in- 
formed tiie  English  that  \hc\r  squaiv  horse  was  hang- 


ing on  a  tree 


"4. 

T 


D.  ^inecdote  of  J\[assassoit.  '.' IMr.  Winsluw,].  com- 
ing in  his  buik  from  Coimecticut  to  Narragenset, — 
and  he  left  her  there, — and  intending  to  return  by 
land,  he  went  to  Osamekin  the  sagamore,  [Massas- 
soit]  his  old  ally,  who  oll'ered  to  conduct  him  home 
to  Phmouth.  lint,  before  they  took  their  joiu'ney, 
Osamekin  sent  one  of  his  men  to  Plimoutli  to  tell 
them  that  Mr.  Winslovv  was  dead  ;  nnd  directed  him 
to  show  how  and  where  he  was  killed.  Whereupon 
tiiere  was  much  fear  and  sorrow  at  Plimoutli.  The 
next  day,  when  Osamekin  brought  him  home,  they 

•  Oral  account  of  Col.  Cole. 

t  IMorse  and  Parish's  N.  Eng.  223 

J  Mr   Edward  Winslow. 


APPENDIX. 


341 


ajjkrd  liiin  wliy  lie  sc-iit  such  word,  &.c.  lie  answer- 
ed, tlitif  it.  Wiis  their  mimiRT  to  do  so,  that  they  iui;i;Iit 
l)(>  iiKifi'  wcle.oii.e  whoa  they  came  homo."*  Tliis 
wtis  ill  l<),M. 

10..  S'mi!;tdar  descrijitioiis.  Dr.  Mather  saVs  there 
fell  into  his  hiiiids  the  luiiiiuscripl  of  a  losiiit.  eiii- 
phiyed  Ity  tiu;  FrtMieli  to  instruct  the  Ircxiiioi^  ln- 
<Uaiis  in  rtdiyioii  ;  in  wiutdi  was  "  one  chapter  al"»iit 
Jli'itrcn,  and  another  aho-nt  //c//,  wheroii!  iire  sucli 
t/iick  .s7i(///f'f/ passages  as  these."  '• '  ^^.  Hoic  is  the 
NPifl  niiKi-'  in  llcmrii/  A.  "I'is  a  xory  fair  soi/i  ihev 
Want  nrilhcr  !'  i  meals  nor  clotlies:  'tis  but  lois/iim^ 
and  we  hau!  them.  (■^.  .  ire  theij  cntiiloj/ed  in  Ilcao- 
en/  .A.  .\o  ;  they  dn  notiiini:;  tht;  licitls  y\c\d  corn, 
beans,  |iuinpluns.  and  tlie  like  without  any  tillage." 
After  a  lew  otiiers  lli;it  air.nunt  to  no  more  or  less,  it 
proceeds  thus  in  the  e.varnination  oi'  Hell.  '' '  <^- 
//7a//  f>ort  of  noiil  is  Unit  of  //c//'/  A.  A  very 
wretched  6'(),i//. ;  'tis  a  ficrji  pit,  in  the  e(Mitre  of  tlio 
earth.  (^.  liavp,  tl\c\j  any  li!j;ltt  in  hell/  A.  Tso. 
"I'is  always  dark;  there  is  always  smoke  there  ;  their 
(>yes  are  aluays  in  pain  with  it  ;  they  can  see  noth- 
hiu;  bni  the  devils.  (^.  li'hat  shaped  things  aie  the 
devils/  A.  \'ery  ill  shaped  thiii'is ;  tluiy  i^o  about 
witli  rizafils  on.  and  they  terrify  men.  ().  II  hat 
do  thvjj  e(d  in  hcH  /  A.  They  are  aiways  huii'^rv, 
but  the  damned  I'eed  on  hot  ashes  and  ser[)i':its  iheie. 
<^.  l\  hat  water  have  thct/  to  drink?  A.  iloridw li- 
ter, iiothinii'  but  melted  lead.  (^.  JJon't  thejf  die  in  hell  / 
A.  i\'o  ;  yet  they  eat  one  another,  every  day;  but 
anon.  (!<>d  restores  and  renews  the  man  that  \\;;s  ear- 
on,  us  a  erupt  ])laiit  in  a  little  timi;  re|)ulliil;;tes.'  " 
"  It  seems  th(-y  hav(;  not  thought  this  diviiiily  too 
fji;ross  Ibr  the  barbarians.  JJut  1  shall  make  no  re- 
jleetioiis  on  it."!- 


•  Winllir..|rs  Hist    N.   Kng.  I,  US,  139. 
t  S(><>  Majjiialla,  I,  5Q1,  b-22. 


m 


!42 


APPENDIX. 


XIII. MASSACIIK    Of     THE    CONKSTOflOK    INDIANS    IM 

I'KNNSYLVAMA. 


i 


An  almost  unintorruptcd  fricndsliip  seems  to  h.ive 
existed  Ix.'tuccn  tlie  liuliaiis  and  llic  iiilia!)iliii)ts  of 
l*eiiiis\  Ivania,  until  the  year  ITT)-!.  At  lliis  period 
the  French  had  stirred  np  the  Indians  in  the  back 
country,  antl  an  Indian  war  commenced. 


About  ten  vears   after   that,  w  hen  "  nianv 


says 


Mr.  l*roud,"\yho  liad  been  continually  ilockini!,'  into 


th 


le  provmce,  m'hiter  years,  haynii>'  Irom  tiieir  niex- 
perience  and  ignorance,  too  (les|>icable  an  opinion 
ol'that  peoj)le,  and  treating  them  accordingly,  were 
by  this  conduct  foolishly  enraged  against  tne  \yho-Io 
s})ecies  indiscriminately;  in.sonuu'h,  that  in  the  hit 
ter  part  ol"  the  year  17G.3,  calling  to  their  aid  the 
madness  of  the  wildest  enthusiasm,  with  which,  un- 
der pretence  of  religion,  certain  most  furious  zealots 
among  the  preachers  of  a  numerous  sect,  in  tiie  pro- 
vince, could  inspire  their  hearers,  to  coyer  tlieirl)iir- 
barity,  a  number  of,  not  improperly  n:uned.  arnied 
dcini-sirvages,  inhabitants  of  J.ancasler  county,  j)rin- 
ci|)ally  from  the  townshi|>s  of  I'ji.xlang  and  Diumegal, 
and  their  neighbourhood,  committed  tlie  most  horri- 
ble Diassacre,  that  ever  was  heard  of  in  t!iis,  or  pt>r- 
hap.-  !'.::y  other  ])rovincc!,  with  inpunity  !  and  under 
the  notion  of  extirpating  the  heatluni  irom  the  earth, 
as  Joshua  did  of  old,  liiat  these  .saints  might  possess 
the  land  alone,"  tX;c.     Thus  bi'gins  the  narrative. 

"  'These  Indians  were  the  remains  of  a  tribe  of  the. 
Six  Nations,  settled  at  (,'onestogoe,  and  tiieiiee  call- 
ed Conestogoe  Indians.  On  t!ie  lirst  arrival  of  the 
English  in  Pennsylvania,  messengers  IVc.m  this  tribe 
came  to  wi^icomt;  thiin,  with  presents  of  venison, 
corn  and  skins;  and  the  whole  tribe;  enlired  into  a 
treaty  of  Iriendsliip  with  tlie  first  Proprietary,  Will- 
iam i'enn  ;  icliich  was  to  last  as  /o'jg  as  the  sun 
aliouhl  shine,  or  the  zcatcrs  ran  in  the  riccrs 


APPENDIX. 


Tliis  tionty  hiis  nceii  since;  (Vcfinoiitly  rciiowcd,  ;ii!.'l 
llie  chain  brightened,  as  tliey  oxi^ess  il,  liom  time  to 
time.  It  liiis  never  been  violated  on  their  ])art,  of 
ours,  till  now.  As  tlieir  lands,  i)y  (Ii'^n'<  s,  were 
mostly  purchased,  and  the  settlein(.'iit  of  ihi;  whllo 
people  began  to  surroimd  them,  the  l*ro|>rictor  as- 
signed them  lands  on  the  manor  of  Conestogoe, 
which  they  might  not  part  with;  there  they  l\avc 
livetl  many  years,  in  liiendsiiip  with  their  white 
neighbours,  who  loved  them  for  tlieir  per.ct'uble,  in- 
oll'ensive  behaviour. 

It  has  always  been  observed,  that  Indians,  settled 
in  the  neighbourhood  ol'whitc  people, di;  n  )t  increase, 
but  diminish  contimially.  'J'liis  tribe  accordini'ly 
went  on  tliminishing,  till  there  remained  in  tlu.'ir 
town,  on  the  manor,  but  twenty  persons,  namely, 
seven  men,  live  women,  and  eight  children,  boys  and 
girls. 

Of  those,  Shellacs  was  a  very  old  man,  ha\  ing  as- 
sisted at  the  second  treaty,  held  with  them   by  Mr. 
Pcnn,  ill  1701  ;    and  ever   since  continu(.'d  a  faithi'ul 
friend  to  the  English  ;  he  is  said  to  have  been  an  ex- 
ceeding good  man,  considering  his  education,  being 
ii;i!urallv  of  a  most  kind,  benevolent  temper. 

This  little  society  continued  the  cuslom  thcyliad 
hegun,  when  more  numerous,  ot  addressing  every 
new  Governour,  and  every  descenda!.t  of  the  lii.st 
Troprietury,  ^^•elcoming  him  to  tlio  ])rovincc,  assur- 
ing him  of  their  fidelity,  and  praying  a  continuance 
of  that  favor  and  protection  v.diich  they  had  hither- 
to experienced.  They  had  accordingly  sent  xip  an 
j'.ddress  of  this  hind  to  our  present  Governour 
(John  Penn,  Esq.)  *);-  his  arrival  ;  but  the  same 
was  scarce  rielivercd  when  the  unfortunate  catas- 
trophe happened  which  we  are  about  to  i-elate. 

()u  .Wednesday,  the  14th  of  Decem1>cr,  ITO'J,  fif- 
tys(n'e;i  ni'-n  from  Si)mc  of  our  frontier  townshi|)s, 
who  had  projected  the  destruction  of  this  little  coin- 
mon^^'ealtii  came  all  v/ell  mounted,  and  armed  with 


344 


APPENDIX. 


firelocks,  liangers  and  hatchets,  having  travelled 
through  the  country  in  tiic  night  to  Conestog(je  ma- 
nor. There  they  surrounded  the  small  village  uf  In- 
dian huts,  and  just  at  break  of  day,  l)roke  in  upon 
them  all  at  once.  Only  three  men,  two  women,  and 
a  young  boy  were  found  at  home  ;  the  rest  being 
out  among  the  neighbouring  white  people;  some  tu 
sell  their  baskets,  brooms  and  bowls,  they  manufac- 
tured, and  others,  on  other  occa:ions.  These  ])oor 
defenceless  creatures  were  immediately  llred  udoo, 
stabbed  and  hatcheted  to  death  !  The  good  Slio 
haes,  among  tlie  rest,  cut  to  pieces  in  his  b.;<l!  All 
of  them  were  scalped,  and  oliiervvise  horribly  man:r- 
led.  Then  their  huts  were  set  on  fne,  and  most  of 
them  burned  down. 

The  INIagistrates  of  Lancaster  sent  out  to  collect 
the  remaining  Indians,  brought  them  into  the  town, 
for  their  belter  security  against  any  further  attempt  ; 
and,  it  is  said,  condoled  with  them  on  the  mistiirtune. 
that  had  happened,  took  them  by  the  hand,  and 
promised  them  protection. 

They  were  ])ut  into  the  workhouse,  a  strong  build- 
ing, as  the  place  of  greatest  safety. 

These  cruel  men  again  assembled  themselves ; 
and  hearing  that  the  remaining  fourteen  Indians 
were  in  the  workhouse  at  Lancaster,  they  suddenly 
appeared  before  that  town,  on  the  twentvseventh  of 
December.  Fifty  of  them  armed  as  before ;  dis- 
mounting, went  directly  to  the  workhouse,  and  by 
violence  broke  open  the  door,  and  entered  with  the 
utmost  fury  in  their  countenances.  When  the  poor 
uretciies  saw  tiiey  had  no  protection  nigh,  nor  could 
possibly  escajje,  and  being  without  the  least  wea- 
pon of  defence,  they  divided  their  little  families,  the 
children  clinging  to  their  i)arents  ;  they  fell  on  their 
faces,  protested  their  innocence,  declared  th(!ir 
love  to  the  English,  and  that,  in  their  whole  lives, 
they  had  never  done  them  injury;  and  in  tlii.-i  pos- 
ture, they  all   received  the  hatcliet!     Men,  woftM^ni 


I 


APPENDIX. 


Mb 


9 


and  children,  were  every  one  iuluimardy  miudcreti 
in  cold  blood  ! 

Tlio  barbarous  men,  whoconnniltcd  tlie  attrocioua 
fact,  in  deliiince  of  governnieitt,  of  all  laws,  Iniinan 
and  divine,  and,  to  the  eternal  disj^ract^  of  llieir  cuim- 
try  and  colour,  then  nioiuited  their  horses,  hu/./.aed 
in  triuni[)lt,  as  if  they  had  gained  a  victory,  and  rode 
olf  unmolested  ! 

The  bodies  of  the  murdered  were  tiien  broutvht 
out,  and  exposed  in  the  street,  till  a  hole  could  be 
made  in  the  earth,  to  receive  and  cover  them.  J>ut 
the  wickedness  cannot  be  covered,  and  the  guilt  v*ill 
lie  on  the  whole  land,  till  justice  is  done  on  t\\r  inur- 
(Icrcrs.  The  blood  of  the  innocent  loill  cry  to  heaven 
for  vens^eance. 

Notwithstanding  the  proclamations  and  endea- 
vours of  the  (iovernour  on  the  occasion,  the  inunhr- 
ers  having  given  out  such  threatenings  agaiiist  tliuse 
that  disaiijjroved  their  proiU'cdiiigs.  that  tiie  N'^liolt- 
country  seems  to  be  in  terror,  and  no  one  dm.-t 
speak  wliat  he  knows;  even  the  letters  from  tlieucc 
are  unsigned,  in  which  any  disiike  is  expressed  ol 
the  rioters.'" 

Mr.  Proud"  ad('-;  to  the  above  narrative,  that,  "So 
far  iiad  the  infection  spreail,  which  caused  this  ac- 
tion, and  so  much  had  fear  seized  the  minds  of  t!ie 
people,  or  ])crhaps  both,  that  neither  the  printer  nor 
the  writer  of  this  publication,  though  supposed  to  be 
as  nearly  connected  as  Franklin  and  Ifall  were  at 
that  time,  and  men  of  the  lirst  character  in  their  way, 
<iid  not  insert  cither  their  na'  cs,  or  places  of  Jibodt;, 
in  it !  U  was  print(:d  while  tlu;  uisurijents  were  pre- 
paring to  advance  towards  I'hiladelphia  ;  or  on  iheir 
way  thither;  it  appeared  to  have  some  etfect,  in  pre- 

•  Sfp  Ills  Hist.  Ponnsyh  ;inia,  I,  .3-26  fn  MS.  [I  M-on'ul  re- 
niiinl'llio  rfaiici',  tiiat  no  foinpari-nn  i-lionld  liavo  lipcn  inailc, 
ifi  tMit;^  !2,tf)  \y.vi,c  l')7,  hetwocn  (he  1"(';dtnriit  oftlie  [ndiaiis 
ill  Nowciigiaiul,' an  I  Pennsylvania;  i'nr  Mi'.  JVIakin  wrott; 
before  any  matorial  tlitricullics  had  occurred  in  that  j)n>- 
vince.l 


••'■\\ 


''if 


<»»wr 


346 


APPENDIX. 


venting  tiie  tlirciitontjd  conscciuences,  l)y  exciting  an 
exertion  of  endeavours,  in  tlie  citizens,  lor  tliat  pur- 
[losc  ;  ind  being  a  relation  of  real  facts,  thongli  writ 
in  a  hurry,  it  was  never  answered  or  contradicted.'' 

XV'. TROUBLES  WITH  TIIK  INDIANS  IN  THi;  I,ATK  WAU 

WITH  KN(;LANI}. 

I)KfMHK  the  dcclaralion  of  war  took  pla(;o  between 
America  and  Great  ]5ritain,  tlie  Indians  along  the 
frontiers,  very  much  alarmed  the  inliabitants  l)y  their 
hostile  af)pearance. 

The  famous  Indian  warrioin-, 'i'ecuniseh,  had  been 
known  l()r  his  enmity  to  civilization,  and  utter  aver- 
sion to  the  white  people,  from  tin;  timc^  of  llarmer's 


(ielcat 


and 


like  ll 


PI 


(,'d  his  endeavours,  far  and  w 


le  celebrated  1  inlij),  imd  e.vtend- 


Kit," 


anion'4  tlie  various 


tribes  of  his   countrymen,  to  unite  tticm   in  midcing 
war  on  the  Americans.     His  eio(|uence  was  irre- 'stn- 


I'le 


!U)( 


1    hi 


s  success  was  areat. 


It 


■:uijic;cnl  to 


oljserve,  that  the  English  had  early  »'ii<i:aged  Intn  in 
llieir  cause.     Much  was  also  imposed  on  the  cu'du- 


li 


)f  tl 


y  oi  those  I'-eople  oy  a 


le  b 


brot 


1 
ler  o 


f 'i 


ccumsch,  \v, 


'  n ) 


fessed  the  s])ir!t  of  j)rop!iecy,  and  the'  :hI  of  ( 


on- 


juralion  ;  in  the  exercise  of  which,  ir)u<'li  waseli'ect- 
ed.  He  was  known  by  the  name  of  '•  The  I'rophet." 
'•'  1811,  (iOvernoiH'  Harrison  of  Indiana,  met  a 
large  lutmber  of  chiefs  at  V'incennes,  to  coiifer  about 
th(;  state  of  aifairs.  Tecumseh  aj)[  cared  there,  to 
remonstrate  against  the  sale  of  certain  lands,  made 
by  the  Kickapoos  and  others.  In  a  speech  of  great 
cioijucnce,  he  urged  the  wrongs  oi'  his  countrymen, 
by  the  eircroachmeii*s  of  the  whit<'s,  of  which  ho 
gave  a  faithful  history.  In  the  (lovt.rnour's  aii:W(M-. 
lie  advanced  something  which  'I'ecumseh  thought,  or 
[X'rhaps  knew  to  be  wrong.  At  which  he  raised  his 
tomahawk,  and  twenty  or  thirty  others  followed  his 


examoH 


I?utH 


irrison  had  takt-n  the  precaution  to 


have  a  sufficient  ibrce  at  hand,  which  prevented  any 
acts  of  violence.  'J'his  broke  n]>  the  conference,  and 
War  was  socui  expected  to  folljw. 


APPENDIX. 


347 


Battle  of  Tippecanoe.  Towurd  the  latter  oiid  of 
the  year  1811,  tlio  ii|)|)t;ar!mce  of  tlie  Imliuns  was  so 
nlarrniiig,  that  (Jov.  Ilarrisoii,  wiili  an  army  of  about 
2()()()  men,  inarclnjd   into  the   Iiuliaii  country.     On 

xWnv^  williiii   a  mile  of  the  Prophet's  t(j\vn,  they 


ar 


wore  met  by  a  number  of  chiefs,  who  sued  for  jjeaet 
and  l)e<iged  for  their  live;s.  Harrison  demanded  tlio 
phnider  taken  from  t!ie  Amerieaus.  It  l)eing-  near 
nielli,  0  iV(»vem!)cr,  tiioy  recisiesled  the  army  to 
encamii,  and  in  tiie  morninif,  they  wouhl  accede  to 
his  proposals,  'i'he  intri^^fue  was  niistruslcd,  and  the 
(lo\ernonr  drew  up  his  army  in  order  of  battle,  auvi 
encantped  I'or  the  night.  Ab(nit  i'our  o'clock  ih'ir 
cam])  wiis  attacked  with  ,<i;reat  impetui)>ity,  and  tiie 
battle  was  i'or  suir.e  time  doiil  ll'ul  and  bloody.  But 
at  length,  the  Indians  were  overpowered,  and  tiie 
victory   wan  complete.      About   '^W\)   of   th..'ir    war- 

I'he  behaviour 
ma!iv  of  whom  liad    I'f'Vtjr  seesi 


nours  .strewed  the  "round  (d'  l)alt!e 


of  the  Americans, 
a.n  en^.ra,i;ement  bef()r(!,  cann'it  be  ioo  nnicli  applaud- 
(^1.  When  the  l)att!e  began,  each  took  his  pjosi 
without  noise,  and  with  c=vli;uiess.  Their  h-,-,;  iii 
vcduabie  Ouicers  was  seve-.o  .  They  were  tlu.- v;  ;  kill- 
ed, Col.  Abrr.ham  O 
Josopli    li.   l)av 


wens,  the  (lO'icrnour  s  aic 


in. 


es,    a   v(!ry    eminent   lawy^'r;    Col. 
W'liite,  Capt.  Warrick,  C'apt.  Si'tncer,   Lieut.  Mc- 


Mahon.  Lieut.  I 


iorrv. 


nd  Cui)t.  lieai 


hi  K.rpedition   against   the   I!  est  em  Indians. — 
For  the    purpose   of  driving  the  hostile  lnili;uis  oul 


oi  the-    linnts  of  the   U. 


ate 


'\!)edition   was 


on  foot  earlv  in  October,  consisting  (d"  'iour  nuMi  un- 


der C 


len 


II 


OpliUlS. 


Aft 


er  relievni'. 


)rt 


Harrison 


hove   nicntionctl,  lie  cr'^.sse<l  the  Wabash  and  en- 
:iMiped    but   ilnv   miles  flistant.     Hero   discontents 


V  e'le  discovered  among  the  siddie 


rs,  whicn  very  soon 


Ir  ike.  out  into  o'ten  disobedience  (tf  order 


'i'hb 


at  anny  was  composed  of  raw  mililia,  of  which  lit- 


tiecovdd  b 

forded  fut  llarriscn.  ihi 


ee.'pected;  iuid,  t)ut  iur  t!ie  assistance  ai- 


)e(m 


■  !!  v,"(»u!u  linvc 


Ij 


ecu 


348 


APPENDIX. 


rendered  entirely  abortive.  A  certain  Major  rode 
up  to  the  General,  and  with  great  authority  of  ex- 
pression, commanded  liim  to  return.  Seein^f  the 
state  of  his  men,  the  General  told  them,  that  il'  .'>()() 
would  accompany  him,  he  would  proceed  in  (jucst 
of  the  enemy  ;  but  not  a  man  would  turn  out.  lie 
liien  rec'Tested  tliem  to  let  hii  i  have  the  dirc^ctioii 
for  a  single  day  ;  to  which  they  assented.  He  then 
I)Ut  himself  at  their  hiiad,  and  ordered  them  to 
march;  but  they  Wlv.d  olf  in  a  contrary  dirt'ction. 
and  marched  o!f  to  fort  Harrison:  and  the  General 
followed  in  the  rear.  At  their  ent'ampnuiit  in  a 
great  prairie  beyond  the  Wabash,  the  grass  '.\?is  dis- 
covered to  be  on  (ire,  and  driven  by  a  li  'ice  wind 
directly  toward  their  camp.  This  wa'.  an  Indiiin 
trap.  But  the  Americans  set  fire  to  the  grass  ahniii 
them,  and  were  there!)y  delivered  fi'ciu  a  formidalilc 
onset  by  the  ilanies.  Tlie  sanx;  oilieer,  iiiicrwaid 
performed  a  successful  expedition  aguiusi  the  In- 
dians. 

.■IJJ'air  of  the  river  Jlaisin.  Out  of  synip:ii!iy  fir 
tlu!  inhabitants  of  Frenchtown,  who  were  threatened 
with  an  Indian  massacre,  an  imprudent  step  was 
taken  by  the  Americans.  Gen.  W'inche-tiT  had  ta- 
ken post  at  the  raj)ids,  when  he  received  a  pr(;Nsing 
recjuest  from  those  inhabitants,  f  )r  his  ])r()t('ctioii. 
Accordingly,  ho  despatched  Col.  Lewis  with  .Jli-l 
men  for  their  relief.  On  his  nrrival,  he  foimd  t!ie 
Indians  alr(>ady  in  possession  of  tlie  place,  but  he  at- 
tacked them  in  their  works,  and  drove  tliem  iVoni  the 
place,  and  encamped  on  the  same  ground.  Twc 
dnys  after,  20  December,  Gen.  ^\'incl!ester  r.rrivi ;! 
with  the  main  army.  Their  Ibrce  now  consi-ted  of 
1M)  men.  These  operations  went  on  without  tlu; 
knowledge  ofGen.  Harrison,  tlie  comniiinder  in  cirKJ', 
whose  know  h.'dge  of  the  situation  of  the  coniitry. 
convinced  him  of  their  extreme  danger.  Freii.'h- 
town  is  situated  only  JO  miles  from  Maiden,  a  stn<ni^ 
Britisli  [jost,  of  a  superiour  force  to  the  Americans, 


AITENDIX. 


34<J 


arc!  the  iulcrvcnin'^  wiitcrs  wiirc  covered  with  solid 
't«^  It  \v!iH  also  7i>  inih'iH  '  oiii  iiiiy  American 
ml  CO,  from  ulifiicc  limy  couid  expect  supijlics. 
I'iioir  situation  did  not  escape  the  iiolico  ol"  the  Brit- 
ish, (.'ol.  l'roct(jr,  with  (iOO  l'ln/.;lish  and  above 
1000  Indians  under  the  iwo  Indian  chiel's,  S|)lillog 
and  Iloundhead,  appeared  before  their  camp  at  day 
break,  (»n  the  !i  January,  IS  1. 5,  and  inunediately 
began  the  atuiiL.  ':'he  Ameri(Mins'  works  not  being 
large  enough  to  contain  their  small  force,  !;')()  were 
posted  without.  'l'\\<'.  numbers  of  the  enemy  enabled 
him  to  dispo.e  of  his  force,  as  to  cutolf  all  means  of 
retreat.  The  attack  was  lirst  made  on  those  without 
the  fort,  who  W(  <;  soon  forcetl  to  give  way.  They 
Hod  acro!?s  the  liver,  aiid  were;  pursued  by  the  one- 
my,  and  cut  to  pieces.  One  hundred  men,  in  two 
com})anies,  Icit  the  works,  -ind  went  over  to  their  as- 
sistance, and  shared  the  mwu)  horrid  fate.  General 
\Vinchest(;r  andCNd.  l-(!wis,  in  some  maiucuvre,  were 
\;ikv.n  prisoners.  The  little  army  now  in  possession 
of  the  })icketrf,  mliintaine'd  the  une(|Ual  light  until  1  I 
of  the  cluc:k,  V, !.L;n  Gen.  \Vinch(;sler  capitulated  for 
them.  It  was  |)ar(ieidarly  stipulated  that  the  wound- 
ed should  be  protei^ted  from  the  savages.  Tiio 
army  still  consisted  of  upwards  of  aOO  mcMi,  and  not 
until  a  (lag  had  passed  three  times  would  they  con- 
sent to  surreu'  '•.  J}ut  knowing  their  situation 
to  be  desperate  ihey  consented  imder  assurance 
from  the  l^ritish  oi. -'er,  that  their  lives  and  proper- 
ties should  be  )  rotected.  \Ve  shall  now  see,  with 
what  faitli  the  semi  barbarian.  Proctor,  acted.  No 
sooner  had  this  brave  band  submittcid,  than  they  saw 
what  was  to  follow.  'J'he  tomahawk  and  scalping 
knife  were  ind  scriminately  i'm|)loyed  among  the 
ilead  and  wt)un{|«Ml ;  oHic(!r's  side  arms  were  wrest- 
ed fri)m  them,  a;  d  many  stript  and  robbed.  About 
GO  wounded  jVuiericans  str(!W(  «l  the  battle  ground, 
who,  by  the  kindness  of  t!ie  inhabitants  were  romov- 
ed  into  houses.     15ut  horrid  to  tell,  the  next  day  a 


350 


A'i'ENblX. 


body  of  those  savages  wcro  peri;iitt<Ml  lo  return,  and 
iifttT  sc'iilpiiig  and  murdering  ly  tlieir  content,  set 
fire  to  tlie  town,  and  all  were  buried  beneath  the 
conlhigration,  e.\cej)t  a  few  that  could  travel,  who 


were  uiarclied  in 


to  tl 


a)  wilderness. 


Defence  of  fort  .Meigs.  (uMieral  TIarrison  had 
ostabHshed  his  head  ([uarters  at  Franidintown.  j)r('vi- 
ous  to  t\w.  battle  ot"  the  river  Raisin,  for  the  •.Mi-aler 
facility  of  transinitling  orders,  etc.,  to  the  dilTreiit 
posts.  After  that  all'air  took  place,  he  concentrated 
iiis  forces,  consisting  of  IJOO  nu-n,  ai  the  Ha;ilil.-. 
and  there  threw  up  a  fort,  which,  in  honour  of  tli  ■ 
Clovernour  of  Ohio,  was  called  fort  M(;igs.  'i'lu  e;::' 
my  made  their  appearance  about  the  JS  .\|)ril,  a  i  ! 
soon  after,  began  t*  construct  batteries  oa  thcdj;- 
jMisite  side  of  the  river.  I'lit  in  this  business  thcv 
j)roceeded  slowly,  from  tiie  annoyance  of  fort  Mciii's, 
and  were  obliged  to  perlorm  their  labours  in  the 
night.  They  at  length  succeeded  in  erecting  Uvo 
batteries  of  iieavy  cannon,  and  a  nioriar.  These  be- 
gan furiously  to  play  upon  the  American  works,  but 
were  several  times  silenced.  Proctftr  si.-nt  an  inso- 
lent summons  to  Harrison,  to  surrender  :  he  returned 
an  answer  according  as  it  merited.  The  siege  was 
continued,  and  the  Indians  I'rom  the  tops  of  the  tree'.-- 
fired  into  the  fort  and  killed  several  men.  (leneral 
Harrison  now  receiv(;d  information,  tliat  two  regi- 
ments from  Ohio,  which  were  expected,  were  near 
at  hand,  lie  dt'spatched  orders  to  their  (li'iieral 
for  a  i)arty  to  attack  tlii>  enemy's  works  at  one  point, 
while  a  party  from  the  fort,  should  act  simultaneous- 
ly on  another  p;iri.  I'iiglit  iiuudred  nii/n  under  Col. 
Dudley  of  the  Ohio  men,  and  another  bvxiy  nndf.'r 
Col.  Miller,  were  immediately  in  motio!i.  Col.  Dud- 
ley led  his  men  up  in  the  face  of  the  enemy's  cannon, 
and  every  battery  was  carried,  almf>st  in  an  instant, 
and  the  British  and  Indians  lied  with  great  i)re(Mpi- 
tation.  'J'hese  fugitives  were  mot  by  a  large  bndv  of 
Indians   under  Cen.  Tecuinseh.     This  liunous   war- 


AlU'KNUIX. 


riour,  oxpecMiii;? 


the  A 


iiicriciuis  to  pursuit  fitrincd  ;i!) 


ambush,  and  vvailotl  llicir  iippnmcli.     Col.  J)(i(llc\ 
rnoii  wore  so  cllitcd  iit  tlicir  sihmm'sh,  tliiit  tlicy  coiild 
iiotl)(!rcstniiiicd  li-oiii  piiisiiiiiif  l'"'  l'iJ,u;ilivos,ulili()iiii;li 
tlieir  Colom;!  ii-cd  his  utmost   nul 


lisavdiirs. 


accordingly  pf     ''d  on,  and  immiMliatcdv  t'oimd  lluni 


')' 


sulvcs   surro 
horrid  shuiuhic 


Ity   tho   savages.     lltMc  another 
>\vt5»l :  Iml,  <liir(T(!nt.  iVoni   that 


at  llaisin-,  lor'       mi,,  di   intorposcd  for  the  lives  of 
tiios(!  that  SI    , 
turn  his  buck  < 
liiicdMcad  at  U. 


><'d,  and  not  like  I'roclor,  <bd  1 


barbarities. 


11 


e  even  laid  :i 


(  lor  p(!rsisting  ni  tho  massacri'. 
AI)out  <ijO  men  ucre  killed  and  missing  in  this  al- 
tair.  Tho  hnnented  Dudley  was  auKUig  tii(!  rormer. 
Tho  party  under  ('ol.  Miller,  performe'd  llicir  pan 
admirably,  and  after  sjiikiiig  the  eaiinon,  reltinicd  to 
camp  with  iipuards  of  10  prisoners.  Tliest;  o|)cra- 
tit)ns  made  the  enemy  reliiKinish  his  design,  and  he 
immediately  drew  oil',  'i'lie  divtiiiguislKMl  naiiu's  of 
Croghan,  Todd,  Joliii.-ion,  Sedgwick,  llitzen,  Stod- 
dard, and  IJiitler  will  live  in  the  annals  of  their  co'iii- 
try.     The  last  mentioned  was  a  son  of  (reii.T.utl 


vv 


lio  fell 


<•)•. 


in  St.  Clair's  del'  ;it. 


Ikillk  of  the  .MontvUia  towns,  and  death  of  7V; 


cumsch.     After  tl 


h;  great   naval  victory  on  tin 


■ll;e 


achieved  by  tl,(«  American  Meet,  under  the  gdlant 
Perry,  Proctor  abaiidoiie<l  Maiden,  and  took  a  posi- 
tion on  the  river  Thames.  His  pr(!cipitat(!  move- 
ments were  displeasiii'f  to  Tecuinseli,  who  lliou:;:)l 
the  situation  of  iiis  brethren  entirely  disregarded,  bv 
their  being  left  op<'ii  to  the  Ameri<;aiis.  In  aspe(>ch 
to  Proctor,  Ih;  repndyates  his  conduct  in  verv  )Hi;iit((| 
terms.  Ho  says,  "'i'he  war  before  this,  j  nieaning  the  re- 
volution] our  iJritish  fatluu'  gav(<  the  liatch<;t  to  his  red 
children,  when  oiirohl  chiefs  were  alive.  They  arenow 
•  h'ad.  li\  that  war  our  father  [llu!  kingj  was  thrown  on 
his  back  by, tin?  Americans,  and  he  afU'rward  took 
tliemby  the  hand  witluaitoiir  knowledge,  and  we  are 
afraid  he  will  do  so  agtiiii  at  this  finio.  Listen,  you 
told  us  to  bring   our  families   to  t'lis   pltu-e,  and    Wr 


'L 


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Photographic 

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23  WEST  MAIN  'TREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  US80 

(716)  873-4S03 


Si.. 


352 


APPENDIX. 


did  so.  You  promised  to  take  care  of  them,  and 
that  they  should  want  for  nothing.  Oar  ships  have 
gone  one  way,  and  we  are  very  much  astonished  to 
see  our  father  [Proctor]  tying  up  every  thing,  and 
preparing  to  run  away  the  other.  You  always  told 
us  you  never  could  draw  your  foot  off  British  ground ; 
but  now,  father,  we  see  you  are  drawing  back  with- 
out seeing  the  enemy.  We  must  compare  our  fa- 
tlier's  conduct  to  a  fat  animal,  that  carries  his  tail  on 
his  back,  but  when  atlVighted,  drops  it  between  its 
legs  and  runs  oflV  This  though  a  few  detached  para- 
graphs, will  serve  to  give  some  acquaintance  with 
the  great  chief.  Proctor,  after  considerable  manoju- 
vring,  was  unable  to  escape  with  all  his  baggage, 
being  hard  pressed  by  Harrison  in  every  move  up 
the  Thames.  At  length  the  two  armies  met  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Moravian  towns,  5  October  1813,  and 
a  fierce  battle  was  fouglit.  Tecumseii's  Indians 
were  in  possession  of  a  thick  wood,  who,  with  the 
British  regulars,  had  formed  their  line  of  battle,  on 
advantageous  ground,  den.  Harrison,  with  his  aids, 
Com.  Perry,  Capt.  Butler,  and  Gen.  Cass,  led  the 
front  line,  while  Col.  Johnson,  with  the  mounted  men, 
w  as  ordered  to  charge  at  full  speed,  and  break  their 
line.  They  were  immediately  in  motion,  and  though 
the  horses  recoiled  on  receiving  the  fire  of  the  Brit- 
ish and  Indians,  yet,  it  wus  momentary,  and  their  im. 
jietuosity  bore  down  all  before  them.  The  enemy's 
line  was  broken  in  an  instant  and  Johnson's  mount- 
ed men  were  formed  on  their  rear,  and  poured  in  a 
tremendous  fire  upon  them.  The  British  odicers 
iinding  it  in  vain  to  rally  again  at  this  point,  surren- 
dered. A  body  of  savages  under  Tecumsch,  still 
disputed  the  ground,  and  Col.  Johnson  fell,  in  ttie 
tliickest  of  the  fight,  almost  covered  with  wounds. 
Tecumseh  in  person  flew  towards  him,  with  his  toma- 
hawk raised,  to  give  him  tlie  fatal  blow.  Johnson, 
though  faint  from  loss  of  blood,  had  strengtii  to  draw 
his   pistol,  and   laid   Tecumseh   dead  at  his.  feet. 


iwf\'     ^"T"-  T  7- 


APPENDIX, 


853 


When  the  mighty  chief  fell,  the  Indians  all  lefl  the 
ground.  At  another  point,  a  division  attempted  to 
make  an  impression  upon  the  American  infantry,  but 
the  venerable  Gov.  Shelby  (one  of  the  heroes  of 
King's  mountain)  supported  them  with  another  regi- 
ment^ and  the  enemy  wera  immediately  routed. 
The  hottest  of  the  fight  was  where  Tecumseh  and 
Johnson  fell.  Thirty  Indians  and  six  Americans  lay 
within  a  few  yards  of  the  spot.  Proctor  fled  with 
great  precipitation,  but  his  carriage  was  taken  with 
all  his  papers,  and  even  his  sword.  Eight  pieces  of 
artillery  were  taken,  six  of  which  were  brass.  Three 
of  these  were  trophies  of  the  revolution,  which  were 
surrendered  by  Hull.  The  Americans  had  not  above 
60  killed  and  wounded.  Oflhe  British  600  were  ta- 
ken prisoners,  and  70  killed  and  wounded,  and  up- 
wards of  a  hundred  Indians  were  left  on  the  field. 
Thus  ended  the  Indian  wars  in  the  west.  Their 
combination  was  now  entirely  broken  up,  and  the 
frontier  settlements,  which  for  a  long  time  had  en- 
dured all  the  horrours  of  Indian  barbarities,  were,  in 
some  degree,  liberated. 


23 


FINIS. 


[355] 


INDEX. 


In  the  ibilowmi;  Index,  some  explanations  may  be  wanting,  as  it  dilbn 
from  works  of  thia  kind  in  general.  All  Indian  names  ofplaces  are  civen; 
but  places  having  only  an  English  name,  are  not  given,  unless  they  hav« 
been  noted  for  some  depredation,  or  having  their  situations  described. 
And  as  every  circumstance  in  a  history  may  be  found  by  an  Index  ofproi 
per  names,  it  was  thought  needless  to  name  them,  as  it  only  increases  pro. 

Assawonmt  27,  97. 
Asuhmequin   133,  134, 135, 142. 
Aubert  carries  off  natives  287. 
Augur  Lieut.,  killed  314. 
Awashonks  21  to  27,  57,  76  to  8S 
85to92,  111. 

B. 

Baker  Thomas  190. 
Baker  Lieut.,  killed  275. 
Barlow's  Columbiad  iv,  46, 12S. 

Barns 102. 

Barrow  Sam  115,  119 

Baxter 49 

Bean  Cap.,  killed  .347. 

Beard ,  killed  313. 

Beers  Cap.,  killed  64. 

Belcher  Cap.  Andrew  62,  233. 

Belcher  Mr.,  wounded  33. 

Bellomont  Gov.  250. 

Belknap's  Amor.  Biog.  xv,  24,  32, 

134,  287,  '8,  '9,  293,  '4,  299,  800. 
Belknap's  Hist.  N.  H.  xiii,  21,  152, 

161,  164,  186, 187,  203, 259, 284, 

289,  315,  331. 
Bonnet  Sergeant  57. 
Benython  Cap.  311. 
Berry  Lieut.,  killed  847. 
Billington  John  297. 
Blin  Cap.  327. 
Bliss  Mr.  A.  13& 

Boad 226. 

Bomazeen  329,  killed  330. 

Bourne  Cap.  328. 

Bowon  Peter  337,  338. 

Rozman's  Hist.  177. 

Bracket  Cap.  166,  191,  224, 236,  "t 

Bradford  Maj.  30,  53,  84,  83,  96. 


Acushnet  98. 

Adams'  Hist.  Xeweng.  80, 32, 49, 68. 

Adams  President  John  131. 

Adams  Samuel  xii. 

Addington  Isaac  137,  217,  251. 

Agamenticus  24. 

Agawom  89,  119,  144,  298. 

Agincourt  battle  263. 

Akkompoin,  Philip's  uncle,killed  110. 

Albemarl  Duke  of  207.  [238. 

Alden  Cap.  John  196,  197,  201,228, 

Alden  John  297. 

Alden  William  226. 

Alderman  47,  kills  Philip  126. 

Alexander  dies  18,  134,  148. 

Allen's  Biog.  Diet,  xii,  xiv,  24,  23, 
31,  38,  133, 146,  130,  '2,  '6,  207- 

Allen  Samuel  181. 

Allen  Thomas  181. 

AUerton  John  297. 

Allerton  Mr.  Isaac  297. 

Almy  Cap.  John  18,  40. 

Andover  220. 

Andros  Cl,,.  Elisha  194,  207,  204. 

Androscoggin  184,  186. 

Andros  Sir  Edmund  120,  160,  151, 
152,  134, 104,  173,  250. 

Annawon  xiv,  106,  124,  127,  129, 
131,  132,  im,  134,  136,  137,  ta- 
ken 138,  put  to  death  146. 

AnnnaWon's  rock  136. 

Aponagansct  50,  51,  98,  100. 

A|ipleton  Maj.  bamuel  65,  57. 

Aquetneok  19. 

Arrowsike  163,  1C9,  327 

Arruhawikwabenit  324. 


i 


356                               INDEX. 

Bradford  Mr.  Wm.  290,  294,  296,|Colman  Dr.  Benjamin  ir. 

2a7.  300,  301,  302. 

Conestogoe  niaisacre  842  to  845. 

Bradstreet  Gav.  152,  167. 

Conscience,  taken  149. 

Braloc  Stephen  197. 

Contoocook  317,  337.              ['7  '8 

Brewster  Mr.  William  297. 

Converse  Cap.  James  189, 192, 194, 

Bridgewater  25. 

Cook  Cap.  John  252,  '7,  274,  281, 

Bridgway  Jarman  228,  229, 230. 

Cook  Elisha  160 

B'itterige  Richard  296,  297. 

Cook  Francis  297. 

Broclebank  Cap.,  killed  70. 

Cook  John  101. 

Brooklield  63. 

Cousins  Isaac,  killed  314. 

Brown  Cap.  John  252,  281. 

Crackston  John  296,  297. 

Brown  Mr.  Jamea  27, 29,  31. 

Tranfield  Gov.  186. 

Brown  Peter  297. 

Cranston  Gov.  John  38,  39,  62. 

Bulkley  Gershom  62. 

Croghan  Geo.  351. 

Bull's  garrison  67. 
Bump  John  144. 

Cross ,  killed  314. 

Cudworth  Maj.  80,  35,  36;  37. 

Butler  Cap.  861,  362. 

Curwin  Jonathan  221. 

c. 

Cushnet  98. 

CalePs  Hist,  witchcraft  196,  220. 

D. 

Canonchet  73,  taken  107,  killed  108. 

D'Aillcbout  318. 

Canonicus,  killed  104. 

Danforth  Guv.  156. 160,  166 

Oantoti  Corporal,  taken  234. 

Dartmouth  60,  51. 

Carver   Gov.   John  133,  296,  297, 

D'Aubri  Nicholas  187. 

298,  dies  301,  302. 

Davenport  Cap.,  killed  68. 

Carver's  Travels  21. 

Davies  Col.,  killed  347. 

Castine  Baron  Do  St.  152,164, 165, 

Davis  Cap.  Sllvanus  160,  163. 

176,  219,  226,  233,  261. 

D'Caliers  320. 

Caughnewoga,  318. 

Deborahuel  223. 

Cawley  Robert  226,  228. 

Deerfield  54,  243,  321. 

Chamberlain  John  334. 

Demot,  187. 

Champlain  Cap.  220. 

Dennisoii  Cap.  56,  64,  73,  107 

Chelmsford  64. 

Dermer  Cap.  Thomas  301. 

Cbesly 312. 

D'Frontenac  Count  224.  230. 

Chignecto  228,  282. 

Dillano 101  to  105. 

Chilton  James  297. 

D'Mantel  318. 

Chubb  Cap.  219,  killed  220. 

D'Monts  220. 

Chubb  Sergeant,  killed  326. 

Doney  184, 186,  190. 

Church  Benjamin  xii. 

Dorey  Edward  296,  297. 

Church  Deac.  Benj.  xii. 

Douglass'  Hist.  42,61,  52,  74,98, 

Church  Charles  xii. 

1-42.  145,  245,  256,  259,  271,  277, 

Church  Caleb  xi,  197.        [274, 281. 

284,286. 

Church  Cap.  Constant  xi,  261,  267, 

Drake  Sir  Francis  287 

Church  Edward  xii,  262,  28L 

Dubois  282,  284. 

Church  Joseph  xi. 

Dudley  Col ,  killed  351.    [256,  285, 

Church  Thomas  xi. 

Dudley  Gov.  Joseph  25D,  261,  253, 

Clark  Cap.  Wra.  268. 

Dudley  Thomas  152,  249. 

Clark  Gov.  153. 

Dustan  Mrs.  Hannah  315  to  317. 

Clark  Lieut,  169. 

Dwight  Dr.  146,  308. 

Clark  Richard  297. 

Dyer  Cap.  John  262,  281. 
D'Young  261. 

Clark's  garrison  72,  96. 

Clark's  island  299. 

E. 

Earl  Ralph  61, 52. 
Eaton  Francis  297. 
Edee  f)oi  geant  269. 
Edmundii  Cap;  52,  176. 

Clinton  Hon.  De  Witt  68. 
Cocheco  161,  314. 
Coddington  Gov.  Wm.  88. 
Cole  Cui.  B.  339,  340 
CoU  Cap.  James  252,  264,  281. 

L=^ 


iNDt'A. 


367 


E.'KC.ip.  51,52. 

Fliot.  R.-v.  John,  21. 

Eliot  Cu|>.  Jdliii  32«,  327 

Eliot's  liiog.  Dictionary  28,  62, 145, 

150,  162,  I7!t.  181,  207,  216. 
Eliot  Robert  20(). 

Endocott  Cap.  ;]05,  306.  [21. 

Englisli,  probable  iiumberiof  in  1676, 
English  Tlionios  297. 

F. 

Farmer  and  Morn's   CoUectioni  »li, 
103,  257,  29«,  331,335,  336,  338. 

Fallrivcr  xv,  48. 

Fernald  Wilhurn  206. 

Fivcnations  68. 

Fletcher  Muses  296,  297. 

Fogland  ferry  42. 

Forbes  VVilliatn  101,  209,  215. 

Forefathers'  day  800. 

Forefathers'  rock  SCO. 

Frontenac  Gov.  224,  230. 

Frost  Cap.  813. 

Frost  Major  203,  206. 

Frye  Cap.  Jainos  334. 

Fryer  Cap.  Nathaniel  203,  206. 

Frye  Rev.  Mr.  3;i0,  wounded  334. 

Fuller  Cap.  3«  to  39. 

Fullam  Sergeant,  killed  334. 

Fuller  Edward  297. 

Fuller  Mr.  Samuel  297. 

G. 

Gage  Gen.  2S0. 

Gallop  Cap.  killed  58. 

Gallon  Cap.  John  304,  305. 

Gardiner  Cap.  killed  58. 

Gardiner  Richard  296. 

George  21,  79.  [221. 

Gidney  Col.  Bartholomew  196,  220, 

Giles  Lieut.  271. 

Gill  Mr  32, 33. 

GoffGcneral  54,55. 

Golding  Cap.  45,  46, 120,  to  123, 

Gold  island  43. 

Goodman  John  297. 

Gorham  Cap.  John  221,  247,  252, 

255,  262,  270,  273,  279,  281. 
Gorton  Rev.  Samuel  28,  104. 
Gosnold  Bartholomew  287. 
Gourdan  Mons.  2(i0,  263,  taken  265, 

267,  268,  270,  283. 
Green  island  257. 
Grenville  Sir  Richard  287. 
Grimstono  291. 

H. 

Hadley  103. 
Halifax  fort  214. 


Mall  Cn|    Nmlmnlol  IBfl,  15S,  170, 
llitmnioiid  William,  killoij  U3.   [171. 
lliiiicaiimdiiit  ISO, 
llannii  xv, 

llarinitn  Cup,  !l9ll,  U2»,  329,  330 
llurrudun  (hip.  John  2M,  281. 
MarriHuii  Umi.  !Mt(,  347,  350. 
Ilarri«'  lliitl,  DuruhoKtur  178. 
Hatch  Cap,  206. 
Hulllold  05, 
Haveiii  Jiii'k  Hfl,  f)0. 
Hawkini  180,  187,  188, 104 
llawih.irn«  J«lm  161,  106,  221.  238. 

239.241,212.  ' 

Ilaiseltun  (.'hiirlu*  22. 
lloiichnmii,  ('itp,47.  OS,  03, 
Kill  Cup,  2.'S4. 
Uiltoii  Miij,    Wiiiihrop,  killed  257 

263.  270.273,274,  2m.  2S1,  284. 
Ilnikley  Guv.  'rhuinui  20,  183,  153, 

ItiO,  IHO,  182. 
Ilolinon'  Aiimr.  AniinU  xii,  21,  84, 

49,  04,  00,  (i(),   70,  IK),  UW,  135. 

100,102.  103.  177,  207,210,276, 

287,280,  21)0,  «»4,  \iiM. 
Iluiioywul  l.iHiit,  203,  206. 
llouk  FraiiQii  2011, 
Ilopkinti  (iuii,  347. 
Hiipkiim  Mr.  (SiiMih«ii  01,  297. 
Howlaiid  Imtufl  89,  ()0,  Ml,  114. 
Uowland  Juhu*  88, 89, 114, 118, 127 

131,  143. 
Uowland  John  89,  114,297. 
lliiyt's  UeNtiurkjhim  53,  08,  351, 
lluhl.i»rd'ii  Niiirallvu  xiv,20,  21,  22, 

27,  28,  .SO,  32,  34,  30,  30,  87,  39, 
43,  47,  49,  52.  64,  55,  60,  57, 
63,  09,  73,  01,  100,  109,  110, 
112,  m,  117,  118,  124,  120, 
134,  1H9,  142,  144,  140,  148,  149, 
166,  196,  201,  209,  228,  303,  309, 
311,314.330. 

lluhharU  Wflv.  VVm.  t'w, 
lluukingi  Mri.  187,  188. 
Hudibriw  24, 

Hunt  Can,  288,  2,><0,  iiOl, 
tlunier  Cup.  40. 
Ilutuhinmin  MuJ,  201. 
lIuichinNun  Cup,  36, 5>1. 
Huichmiiuii'K  Hmiiiry  itl.  ,xiii,  »iv,  J), 

28,  29,  !iO.  31,  32,  34,  30,  37,  49, 
60,  63.  08.  71,  90,  103,  KO,  133 
134,  135,  i45,  140,  154,  16.(,  177 
178,21.0.221,  2:^8,  2iiO.  2;i8,  211, 
2,'>6,  206,  277  278,  281,  280, 29« 
296,  323, 

Hyroanm  xv,  301 


r 


358 


INDEX. 


I. 


Ibe-vino  219.  220. 
Insqriiol  Liout.  814. 
Indian  bridge  3M,  337. 
Indiana,  nuiiibar  of  in  167S|  10> 
Irish  Mrs.  xv. 
Irouuoii  224. 

J. 
Jaques  Lieut.  829* 
Jarvu  Cii|i.  271. 
JefTeriei  li>0. 
Julinson  C'a|>     killed  08> 
Jciues  Cap.  293. 

K. 

Keokamuit  34. 

Kennebeck   171. 

Koye&  i^olomon,  wounded  SSS. 

Kickapooa  34U. 

Kimball  Tluiinaa,  killed  81S. 

King  Cap.  206.  Ixiii 

King,  no  luch  di(>nity  amung  Indianii 

Kirk  Sir  David  160. 

L. 

Lafauro  161,  25t>,  264. 

Lake 41. 

Lake  Cap.,  killed  163. 

Lamb  Cup.  Juiibiia  252,  291. 

Laiicostcr  64,  259. 

Lurking  Cap.  236. 

Luteril  Mr.  236. 

Latlirop  Cap.  Joseph  200. 

Lathrop  Cup.,  killed  fi4. 

Lathrop  Juhn  181. 

Lee  Abraham,  killed  163. 

Loe  Mrs.  163,  164. 

Lee  Ucv.  Samuel  xil,  199. 

Leister  Edward  297.  [162 

Levcrctt  Gov.    Juhn   62,  diei  146, 

Ligh'.fool  Cap.  100, 104,  'P,  HI.  167. 

Littlceyes  25,  tuken  99,  104. 

Littlefield  Cap.  Juhn  'M),  203. 

Lovowell  Cap.  John  330  to  336. 

M. 

Magnus  Queen  103,  108. 
Makin  Thomas  xvi,  148,  346. 
.   Manhattans  303. 
Man  sell  Sir  Uuberl  220. 
Matagash  327. 
]\f  aquiis  224. 
Maquoil  189,  206. 
Murcii  Cap.  206,  286. 
Murgeson  Edmund  296|  297. 
Marlborough  64,  65 
Marshall  Cap.,  killed  68. 
Marttn  Mr.  Chriatui^ier  297. 


Mitrtyn  Richard  206. 

Mason  Va\\}.  Juhn  3u6,  307,  308. 

M.iKun  Suinuol  I(i0.  [301,  340. 

Miistassoit  xiii,  18,94, 110. 138,134, 

.Mulhur's  Miigiialia  xii,  xiv,  20,  22, 
26,  47,  60,65,  U6,  145,  169. 170, 
171,  176, 177,  179,  184,  187,  189, 
191,  192,  202,  2U6.  207,  210,  213, 
220,  240,  241,  :n5,  317.  339, 34L 

Mattupuiset  ;I2,  105. 

Mallatong  l04.  . 

MaxHuld  Mr. 179. 

Maylluwor,  a  ship  294. 

Mayr  jioint  191. 

Mudtluhl  64. 

Mums  231,  taken  274. 

Muiiival  Uov.  278. 

Murryinootlng  bay  325. 

Moluuuinut  xiii. 

Middk'lmrough  51,65,98. 

Miles  Uiiv.  Juhn  31.  32. 

Minot's  Mist.  214. 

Mo)tg,  killed  3:>0. 

Mohawks  54,  68. 142,  224. 

aohegans  17. 
ouhugaii  222. 

Moiio^i-iiuxt  233. 

Muoaiium  134. 

Muiiiipiildo  107. 

Moiitiiiicus  161,  253. 

Montreal  224,  320. 

Morse  and  I'arisli's  Hint.  Newan^ 
land  124,339,340. 

Morse's  Annals  31,  124,  126, 138. 

Morton's  Mcniorlal  xiii,  23,  27,  28, 
30,  80,  133,  134,  164,  249,  231, 
289,  293,  29<i,  298,  299,  301. 

Murtoii  'riiomos  23,  24. 

Mosely  Cup.  Snnuiel  56.  67. 

Mossipeo  184,  283. 

Moulion  Cap.  326,  32d.  P29,  S30. 

Mouiithopo  'J2. 

Miillins  Mr.  William  297. 

Munponsot  94,  90. 

Myriuk  Cap.  Isaac  252,  264.  281. 

N. 

Nnmskeket  299.  [lOa 

Nuiiiinllunoo,  taken  107,  put  to  death 
NiuragaiistiiM  xiii,  17,  18,  number  of 

in  1675,  20,  'Mi,  54. 
Naskoiig  236,  252. 
Naihaiiiol  1-29, 139,131. 
NiiiiRi't  299. 

Null'  Miss  Mary  316.  816,817 
Nciniutkut  96. 
Nutops  67,  91. 
NewMitiland  gilt  284. 


INDEX. 


359 


Nowinhwannock  813. 
Nicholson  Col.  185,  278,  317. 
Nihantick  307. 
Ninigret  104.  108. 
Nipmucki  63,  66,  69. 
Nipnet  91.  , 

Nomquid  85. 
Norridgwock  237,  829. 
NorthtieM  54. 

Norton  Cap.,  killed  803,  304. 
Nunnaquahquat  39, 
KunnuitPoter27,  67. 

o. 

Oldham  Mr.  John,  killed  803,  S04,'5. 

Omens  20,  126. 

Oaamckin  34U. 

Otis  James  xii. 

Ot  ena  Col.,  killed  847, 

P. 
Paine  Lieut.  John  228. 
Passammaquoddy  236. 
Patuxet  63. 
Paugus,  killed  834. 
Pawcatuck  river  307. 
Peasfield  battle  37  to  46. 
Pejepscot  179, 184, 190,  206.' 
Peramaquid  209,  210, 219. 
Penn  Gov.  John  M3. 
Penn  Gov.  William  342. 
Penhallow's  Hist,  vii,  184, 195,  203, 
256,  :J57,  258,  259,  260,  261,  275, 

277,  284,  324,  323,  330,  332,  333, 
Pennacook  161, 186. 
Peperel  Mr.  254. 
Pequots  17,  war  with  302. 
Perpodack  192. 
Peter57,77,84,  88,  124. 
Philip  King  xiii,  origin  of  hii  name 

18,  killed  123. 
Philips  Gov.  326. 
Phillips'  garrison  311. 
Phips  Sir  Wm.  152,  154, 16-3,  175, 

177,  207.  208, 212, 214,  216,  234, 

278.  839. 
Pierce  Cap.  64,  killed  72. 
Pigwocket  161,  331. 
Pike  Maj.  Robert  182, 183, 184, 208. 
Pitkin  Wm.  160. 
Plaisted  Lieut,  203. 
Plaisted  Roger  196,  killed  318. 
Pldmor  Col.  Daniel  257. 
Plumer  Gov.  Wm.  203. 
Plymouth  17,  66. 
Pocasset  19,  27. 
Pokanoket  xiii.  18,  22,  29. 
Popham  Sir  Johy  171. 


Poppasquash  127  129. 
Potock  63. 

Prentice  Cap.  Thomu  82,  86|  90. 
Prince  Gov.  18,  339. 
Prince'n  Chronolney  vU,  liii.  24,94. 
135,  289,  29.».  296.  '—"^ 

Pring  Martin  288. 
Proud's  Hist,  xvi,  148,  842,  846. 
Providence  64. 
Pumham.  killed  56,  63,  104. 
Punkatees  battle  37  to  46. 
Purchase  Mr. 800. 

a. 

Quabaog  63,  119. 
Quadequmah  110. 
Quaucut  89. 
Quebeck  177,  234. 
Qunnapin  103, 104,  111. 

R. 

Ralegh  Sir  Walter  287,  293. 
Ralle  Sebastian  325,  329,  killed  880 
Ramsdel  Joseph  194, 
Rehoboth  36,  64, 
Ridgdale  John  296,  297. 
Robertson's  llist.  Amer.  zr.  301 
Roftins  Lient.,  killed  334. 

Robinson  Mr. ,  killed  81& 

Robinson  John  326,  827. 
Robinson  Rev.  John  290. 
Rogers  Cap.  Geo.  236,  257,  S8t 
Rogers  Thos.  297, 
Rouville  321,  322. 
Rowlandson  Mrs.  103. 
Russel's  garrison  61. 

s. 

Sabatis  3S7.  killed  33S. 
Sabin  87. 
Sachueeset  85. 
Sagadahock  171,201. 
Samoset  301. 

Sandford  Maj.  102. 120,  IfL 
Sassacus,  killed  308. 
Sassamon  19,21,  27. 
Savage  Ensign  34. 
Savage  Maj.  35,  36. 
Scattacook  68,  320. 
Schenactada  318. 
Schuyler  Maj.  319,  321. 
Scituate  63, 
Sconticut  104. 

Scottaway  Cap.  172, 173,  ITO 
Shanelere,  killed  235. 
Sharkee  Mens.  260.  '7,  '9,  i 
Sharp  Lieut.,  killed  70. 
Shawomet  66. 


360 


INDEX 


Sharburn  Cap.  106. 

Sieljr  Cap.,  killed  68. 

Siena,  a  ahip  271. 

Signeoto  228,  282. 

Sippiean  89,  106,  148. 

Sixnations  68,  820. 

Skakit  299. 

Smallpos  178, 195. 

Smith  Cap.  John  222,  288,  801. 

Smith  Cap.  Thof.  2fi6,  '7,281. 

Smith  Mai.  66,  62.  [224, 819 

Smith'!  Hist.  Newyork  ziii,  68, 180, 

^mithion  Cap.  228. 

Snow'g  Hist.  Boston  145, 178. 

Soplionate  ix,  19. 

Soekonesset  74. 

Soule  George  297.  [281,  827. 

»  Southack   Cap.   Cyprian   238,  255. 

South  worth  Nath.  89.  170, 192, 193. 

Speedwell,  a  ship  294. 

Squakeag  64. 

Squando  809. 

Squannaconk  121, 132,  136. 

Squanto  801. 

Standish  Cap.  184,  297. 

Stone  Cap.  803,  804. 

Stoughton  Oov.  Wra.  216. 

Subercaie  Gov,  276. 

Sudbury  65,  69,  70. 

Sullivan's  Hist.  Maine  160, 163, 164, 
•6, '9,  171,  '6,  "9,  180,  '7,  '9,  190, 
'1,  '2,  214, 222,  '8,  '6, 236,'7,811 

T. 

Taconnet  214,  828. 
Talcot  Maj.  108, 117,  '8. 
Tecumseh  846,  850,  '1,  killed  352. 
Tilley  Edward  296,  297. 
Tilley  John  296,  297. 
Tinker  Thomas  297. 
Tippecanoe  battle  847.     [death  146. 
Tispaquin  96,  115,  142,  '4,  put  to 
Tockaraona  111. 
TotosonllS,  '16, '18, '19. 
Treat  Maj.  Robert  54,  64. 
Trumbull's  Hist.  U.  S.  ziii,  20,  29, 

60,68,141,819,320,330. 
Trumbull's  Hist.  Con.  29,  87, 38, 60, 

'6,  62,  63,  73,  103.  '8,  126, 200, 
Tuisset  839.  [803,'?. 

Turner  Cap.  68,  '9, 805. 
Turner  John  297. 
Tyaika  106, 124. 

U  • 
Umpamo  23. 
Uncas,  killed  806. 
Vadarhm  Cap.  805, 807. 


V. 

Vaughan  Maj.  208,  206. 
Vaudreuil  Gov.  259, 285,  821,823. 
Vilkau  Cap.  239. 
Villebon  192,  231,  *4,  'S,  241. 
Virginia,  ancient  limit*  of  298, 294 

w. 

Wachuset  69,  80. 

Wadsworth  Cap.,  killed  70. 

Waldron  Maj.  161,  killed  162. 

Wallaston  Cap.  24. 

Walley  John  160,  177,  207,  216. 

Walton  Cap.  184,  '6.  203, '6,  '24. 

Wameait  64. 

Wampanoags  liii,  48. 

Wampom,  value  of  141,  '2. 

Wamsutta  134. 

Warren  Mr.  Richard  297. 

Warwick  66,  63,  64. 

Weetamore  27,  82,47,'8, 60,  '1,  lOa 

Wepoiset  87, 

Wequaah  307. 

Wessogusset  24. 

Weymouth  fri. 

Wheelwright  Esq.  John  200,  '3. 

White  Mr.  Wm.  297. 

Wilcox  Daniel  17. 

Willard  Cap.  Simon  166, 158. 

Willard  Maj.  64. 

Williams  Cap.  122. 

Williams'  Hist.  Vermont  821,  '3. 

Williamson  Cap.  Caleb  252,  281. 

Williamson's  Hist.  N.  Car.  68. 

Williams  Rev.  John  284,  321,  '8. 

Williams  Rev.  Roger  28,  68. 

W  illiams  Thomas  297. 

Wincol  John  206,  S14. 

Winepang  826. 

Winnipissaukoe  826. 

Winslow  Gilbert  297. 

Winslow  Hon.  Josiah  26,  80,  52, 

66,  66,  64,  98,  147. 
Winslow  Joaiah  328. 
Winslow  Mr.   Edward  28,  94, 133, 

184, 147,  297,  302,  340. 
Winthrop  Gov.  John  52. 
Winthrop's  Hist.    Neweng.  24,'  91, 

96,  104,  146,  203,  303,  341. 
Wisememet,  killed  830. 
WitchcraA  156, 196,  216,  238, 241< 
Woosamequin  133,  134. 
Worumbos  186,  187,  '9  '94 
Wyman  Beth  382.  '4. 

y. 

Tork  Joseph  223,  228. 


